共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jorge A. Mendiguren Frank M. Richter 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1978,16(4):318-326
Intraplate stresses in middle South America are not negligible. We report thrust-faulting mechanisms for five intraplate earthquakes, which indicate a dominant horizontal deviatoric compressional stress oriented in a NW-SE direction. We conclude that this state of stress is due to forces connected with spreading on the Mid Atlantic Ridge and resistive forces exerted by the Caribbean plate to the north and the Nazca plate to the west. The existence and nature of the resistive forces is inferred from earthquake mechanisms and geological evidence presented in other studies. All the available intraplate stress data for Nazca and South America indicate that both plates are under deviatoric compression generated at spreading centers. The absence of tensional earthquake focal mechanisms, particularly in the Nazca plate near the trench, suggests that the forces associated with the gravitational sinking of subducted lithosphere are locally compensated. We present a simple numerical calculation of a non-subducting plate to show how the compressional deviatoric stresses in middle South America can be used to estimate an upper bound of about 1021 P for the viscosity of the mantle. 相似文献
2.
扬子、华夏板块会聚带在湖南的位置一直是地学界关注的热点和争论的焦点,但始终未能取得共识.确定扬子、华夏板块会聚带在湖南的位置,弄清板块结合带在湖南的走向,对于华南大地构造划分和基础地质理论研究具有重要意义.由于缺乏地表直接地质证据,因此深部地球物理资料将成为探讨板块结合带走向的重要依据.本文结合地质资料,利用区域重磁、地震、大地电磁测深、地热流等提供的深部构造地球物理信息标志,对湖南及周边华南地区岩石圈三维结构特征进行了重新认识和地质解释,对扬子-华夏板块结合带的构造性质、在湖南的位置以及江南古陆构造属性等提出了新认识.在江南古陆中段的湖南沅(江)麻(阳)-洞庭-衡阳弧形重力高主要为古火山锥型结晶基底隆起引起,在麻阳、桃源、益阳-南桥一线构成古火山岛链;推断在浏阳-衡阳一带存在湘东残剩隐伏古火山岛.首次厘定了扬子、华夏残剩古板块上地幔刚性块体的空间分布形态,在此基础上推测其间的过渡带属赣湘桂古华南洋.提出新元古代造山带属陆-弧-岛-陆碰撞造山带,陆间湘东残剩隐伏古火山岛成为现今板块融合带的组成部分,扬子、华夏古板块及其间的过渡带三者岩石圈上地幔纵横向三维结构特征完全不同.论证了赣湘桂中部岩石圈古俯冲带的存在,再次确定湘中地区岩石圈厚度在华南最厚.厘定扬子、华夏古板块深部结合带北西边界大致在安徽歙县-南昌-湖南大围山-沩山-城步-广西河池一线,结合带南东边界大致在江山-绍兴-新余-萍乡-衡东-双牌-桂林-柳州一线,两板块之间的中间融合带就是所谓"钦杭结合带"在湖南的位置,过去地学界较普遍认可的茶陵-郴州断裂,我们认为不是扬子板块与华夏板块的会聚带,而是华夏板块板内加里东期仰冲断裂带. 相似文献
3.
The constraints of strain partitioning and geochronology in Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belts on Qinling orogenic belt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SONG ChuanZhong ZHANG GuoWei WANG YongSheng LI JiaHao CHEN ZeChao & CAI ZhiChuan School of Resources Environment Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):300-312
The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic belt lies between the North China Block and Qinling Mountains, including the Luonan-Luanchuan
fault zone and the strong deformation zone to the north of the fault. The ductile shear zone, imbricate brittle fault and
duplex structure in the fault zone now are the expression of the same tectonic event in different depth. Such lineation structure
exists in the tectonic belts as mineral lineation, elongation lineation, crenulation lineation, sheath folds and so on, indicating
NE-directed plate motion. Fold axes and thrusts in the strong deformation zone are inclined to the Luonan-Luanchuan fault
zone at small angles. The structures with different natures show a regular pattern, produced during oblique convergence of
plates. The convergence factors are as follows: The direction of plate convergence is 22°, 31° and the angle between the plate
convergence direction and plate boundary is 73°, 82° respectively in the west and east segment. The Luonan-Luanchuan tectonic
belt was deformed strongly in 372 Ma, resulted from Erlangping back-arc ocean basin subduction sinistrally and obliquely to
North China Block during the collision of North China Block and South China Block.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40372097 and 40772131) 相似文献
4.
Michael S.J. Mlynarczyk Anthony E. Williams-Jones 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):656-667
The Inner Arc of the Central Andes, broadly corresponding to the Eastern Cordillera, is the location of a rich Tertiary and Triassic Sn–W–(Ag-base metal) metallogenic province, commonly referred to as the Bolivian tin belt. We propose that the Tertiary metallogeny, which generated most of the tin ores, was a direct consequence of discrete “collisions” between the South American plate and the Nazca slab and sub-slab mantle, during the ongoing Andean orogeny. Evidence supporting this proposal include: (1) the coincidence of the tin province and the Inner Arc in a marked “hump” in the Andean orogen, which may represent tectonic indentation; (2) the symmetry of the tin province with respect to the Bolivian orocline, the axis of which corresponds to the direction of highest compression; (3) the relative symmetry of the magmatism and tin mineralization with respect to this axis; (4) the concurrent timing of mineralization and compressional pulses; (5) the similar host rock geochemistry and ore lead isotope data, testifying to a common crustal reservoir; and (6) the striking similarity of the igneous suites, associated with the ore deposits to those from “typical” collisional orogens. A number of studies have called upon a persistent tin anomaly to explain the metallogeny of the region. We propose, instead, that the latter is better explained by periodic compressional interaction between the Farallon/Nazca oceanic plate and the South American continent. This led to the generation of peraluminous magmas, which during fractional crystallization exsolved the fluids responsible for the voluminous Sn–W mineralization. 相似文献
5.
DETRITAL ZIRCON U-PB DATING OF MODERN RIVERS' DEPOSITS IN PAMIR,SOUTH TIAN SHAN AND THEIR CONVERGENCE ZONE 
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下载免费PDF全文 By dating detrital zircon U-Pb ages of deposition sequence in foreland basins, we can analyze the provenance of these zircons and further infer the tectonic history of the mountain belts. This is a new direction of the zircon U-Pb chronology. The precondition of using this method is that we have to have all-around understanding to the U-Pb ages of the rocks of the orogenic belts, while the varied topography, high altitude of the zircon U-Pb ages of the orogenic belts are very rare and uneven. This restricts the application of this method. Modern river deposits contain abundant geologic information of their provenances, so we can probe the zircon U-Pb ages of the geological bodies in the provenances by dating the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of modern rivers' deposits. We collected modern river deposits of 14 main rivers draining from Pamir, South Tian Shan and their convergence zone and conducted detrital zircon U-Pb dating. Combining with the massive bed rock zircon U-Pb ages of the magmatic rocks and the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the modern fluvial deposit of other authors, we obtained the distribution characteristics of zircon U-Pb ages of different tectonic blocks of Pamir and South Tian Shan. Overlaying on the regional geological map, we pointed out the specific provenance geological bodies of different U-Pb age populations and speculated the existence of some new geological bodies. The results show that different tectonic blocks have different age peaks. The main age peaks of South Tian Shan are 270~289Ma and 428~449Ma, that of North Pamir are 205~224Ma and 448~477Ma, Central Pamir 36~40Ma, and South Pamir 80~82Ma and 102~106Ma. The Pamir syntaxis locates at the west end of the India-Eurasia collision zone. The northern boundary of the Pamir is the Main Pamir Thrust(MPT)and the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT). In the Cenozoic, because of the squeezing action of the India Plate, the Pamir thrust a lot toward the north and the internal terranes of the Pamir strongly uplifted. For the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision, the Tian Shan on the north margin of the Tarim Basin also uplifted intensely during this period. Extensive exhumation went along with these upliftings. The material of the exhumation was transported to the foreland basin by rivers, which formed the very thick Cenozoic deposition sequence. These age peaks can be used as characteristic ages to recognize these tectonic blocks. These results lay a solid foundation for tracing the convergence process of Pamir and South Tian Shan in Cenozoic with the help of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sediments in the foreland basin. 相似文献
6.
智利三联点(CTJ)位于纳兹卡板块、南极洲板块与南美板块的交界处,由南极洲—纳兹卡板块之间的智利洋脊俯冲到智利海沟而形成.巴塔哥尼亚板片窗的发展是智利洋脊长期扩张俯冲的结果之一.随着纳兹卡板块的不断东向俯冲,纳兹卡板块范围逐渐变小,CTJ同时向北移动.本文采用数值模拟方法,建立了关于洋脊海沟碰撞的简单二维模型,来研究智利三联点南部扩张洋脊俯冲区域岩石层的热结构.模拟结果表明,洋脊的位置、板块相对汇聚速度及上覆大陆板块的存在均对俯冲区域海洋板块的温度结构有着很大影响,并且大陆板块下方海洋板块温度变化最大的位置距洋脊的水平距离与洋脊到板片窗范围的水平距离两者之间具有较好的一致性.同时,当存在两两板块间的相对汇聚时,洋脊右侧大陆板块下表面的温度升高,俯冲带内海洋板块温度接近于地幔温度.纳兹卡板块以7.8 cm·a~(-1)的速度急速俯冲于南美板块之下的过程中,同时伴随着智利洋脊的持续扩张俯冲,在智利三联点南部,南美板块之下纳兹卡板块的温度因而可以更快地达到地幔软流层的约1300℃温度,并最终消亡于地幔之中. 相似文献
7.
Andrea Hampel 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(2):665-679
The collision zone of the 200 km wide and 1.5 km high Nazca Ridge and the Peruvian segment of the convergent South American margin between 14°S and 17°S is characterized by deformation of the upper plate and several hundred meters of uplift of the forearc. This is evident by a narrowing of the shelf, a westward shift of the coastline and the presence of marine terraces. As the Nazca Ridge is oblique with respect to both trench and convergence direction of the Nazca Plate, it migrates southward along the active plate boundary. For reconstructing the migration history of the Nazca Ridge, this study uses updated plate motion data, resulting from a revision of the geomagnetic time scale. The new model suggests that the ridge crest moved laterally parallel to the margin at a decreasing velocity of ∼75 mm/a (before 10.8 Ma), ∼61 mm/a (10.8-4.9 Ma), and ∼43 mm/a (4.9 Ma to present). Intra-plate deformation associated with mountain building in the Peruvian Andes since the Miocene reduces the relative convergence rate between Nazca Plate and Peruvian forearc. Taking an intra-plate deformation at a rate of ∼10 mm/a, estimated from space-geodetic and geological data, into account, does not significantly reduce these lateral migration velocities. Constraining the length of the original Nazca Ridge by its conjugate feature on the Pacific Plate yields a length of 900 km for the subducted portion of the ridge. Using this constraint, ridge subduction began ∼11.2 Ma ago at 11°S. Therefore, the Nazca Ridge did not affect the northern sites of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 112 located at 9°S. This is supported by benthic foraminiferal assemblages in ODP Leg 112 cores, indicating more than 1000 m of subsidence since at least Middle Miocene time, and by continuous shale deposition on the shelf from 18 to 7 Ma, recorded in the Ballena industrial well. At 11.5°S, the model predicts the passage of the ridge crest ∼9.5 Ma ago. This agrees with the sedimentary facies and benthic foraminiferal stratigraphy of ODP Leg 112 cores, which argue for deposition on the shelf in the Middle and Late Miocene with subsequent subsidence of a minimum of several hundred meters. Onshore at 12°S, the sedimentary record shows at least 500 m uplift prior to the end of the Miocene, also in agreement with the model. 相似文献
8.
Kristin D. Morell Donald M. Fisher Thomas W. Gardner 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,265(1-2):82-95
Subduction of the right-lateral Panama Fracture Zone, along the convergent margin of Central America creates abrupt lateral variations in convergence rate, obliquity, and subducting crustal thickness at its intersection with the Middle America Trench. This intersection, known as the Panama (CO-NZ-CA) Triple Junction, is migrating to the southeast at a rate of 55 mm/yr, and currently coincides with the lateral termination of the Fila Costeña Thrust Belt in the inner forearc of the overriding plate. Mapping in the inner forearc in the area that straddles the subducting Panama Fracture Zone reveals that Cocos–Caribbean convergence west of the triple junction leads to the development of an inner forearc thrust belt inboard of the colliding Cocos Ridge, while little deformation is evident inboard of Nazca–Caribbean convergence, east of the triple junction. This results in the lateral termination of the Fila Costeña Thrust Belt in the region of the forearc that projects over the Panama Fracture Zone, where four out of five mapped thrust faults tip out and are buried by lahars. Three new balanced cross-sections indicate a steep gradient in shortening from the center of the thrust belt to its southeastern termination. The short-term history of the inner forearc recorded in the landscape and topography of the Fila Costeña is consistent with the southeastward migration of the thrust belt and the Panama Triple Junction throughout the past ～ 3 Ma, with evidence for the growth of a new topographic divide and reorganization of stream channel networks. 相似文献
9.
根据地球物理探测资料,基于二维模型,利用黏弹性有限元方法,研究青藏高原西、东剖面的地壳均衡和岩石圈根拖曳的构造应力机制.数值模拟结果表明,青藏高原西部（B B′剖面）的造山水平挤压力主要来源于岩石圈根的向下拖曳,印度板块向北挤压为次要因素,形成“山隆盆降”的地表形态;而青藏高原东部（A A’剖面）岩石圈根向下拖曳还不足以形成硬上地壳中挤压造山的主要力源.对比结果认为,青藏高原的深部层圈结构和应力体系在西、东部存在明显的差异,反映了高原内部造山演化的西、东分异特征. 相似文献
10.
Cumulative seismic strain release, during the period from 1964 through 1972, along the East Pacific and Chile rise edges of the Nazca plate is related to cumulative strain release of shallow earthquakes along the South American sinking edge: periods of high strain release along the rises alternated systematically with periods of high strain release along the sink.Volcanic activity (number of volcanoes in eruption per year between 1900 and 1968) migrates from Central to South America at some 900 km/year. High volcanic activity in Central America usually precedes large-magnitude earthquakes in Chile by several years, and would appear to be dynamically interrelated with the alternating strain release along the Nazca plate edges. 相似文献
11.
The southern part of South America provides an excellent test area to analyse relationships between transgression-regression cycles along a passive continental margin with magmatic activity and tectonic movements of the Andean Orogen. Most of the tectono-eustatic sea-level changes recognized are related to magmatic activity, whether calc-alkaline or alkaline. The magmatic activity depends on whether tectonic convergence or extension forces are dominant. 相似文献
12.
中国大陆位于欧亚板块的东南部, 受到印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的碰撞挤压与俯冲作用, 其构造应力场形态和动力学机制相当复杂. 本文采用伪三维有限元方法, 以世界应力图2008年版本数据(WSM2008)的应力方向和应力型两类指标作为主要约束, 对中国大陆及邻区的动力驱动机制进行数值模拟, 给出了中国大陆周边地区板块边界力的大小和方向估计. 同时对3个典型情况的数值模型进行了分析. 结果显示, 软流层静压推力对该区域构造应力场影响相对较小, 板块边界力作用则起主导作用; 印度板块在喜马拉雅造山带对欧亚板块的碰撞控制了中国大陆地区应力场的基本形态, 是形成川滇地区走滑型地震为主的重要原因; 琉球海沟——南海海槽俯冲带边界力显示了挤压-张性的分段特性, 贝加尔裂谷表现为拉张作用. 进一步的分析表明, 中国大陆大部分区域内最大水平剪应力分布图像与该地区地震辐射能量密度的分布存在较好的空间正相关性． 相似文献
13.
利用流动数字地震台网提供的三分量地震波形记录,应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对喜马拉雅山脉地区46个地震站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演,为进一步揭示青藏高原喜马拉雅山脉地区的动力学演化过程提供了可靠的地球物理证据.根据本文结果可清晰看到,喜马拉雅山脉地区作为当今地壳活动最活跃的地区,物质交换非常活跃,地下结构远远未达到平衡,地壳速度有很大差异,在板块边界处莫霍界面速度间断不是非常明显,自喜马拉雅南坡向高原腹地,地壳厚度大致从55 km增加到80 km;沿经度方向,莫霍面也有一定的起伏.通过研究得到另外一个证据是,在喜马拉雅的主中央逆冲断裂,由大陆碰撞产生的主要构造,其深度可能要大于80 km. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2010,49(3-5):284-291
The island of Taiwan is located on the convergent boundary between the Philippine Sea plate and the Chinese continental margin. It offers very active mountain building and collapsing processes well illustrated by the rugged topography, rapid uplift and denudation, young tectonic landforms, active faulting and numerous earthquakes. In this paper, using simple models, we have estimated vertical movements and associated absolute gravity variations which can be expected along a profile crossing the southern part of the island and probably suffering the highest rates of rising. The two different tectonic styles proposed for the island, thin-skinned and thick-skinned, were taken into account. Horizontal and vertical movements were modeled by an elastic deformation code. Gravity variations due to these deformations are then modeled at a second step. They are dominated by plate and free-air effects, i.e. elevation of the topography, with several μGal yr−1. By comparison, gravity changes generated by mass transfers are weak: maximum 0.1 μGal yr−1 with the thin-skinned tectonic and 0.3 μGal yr−1 with the thick-skinned tectonic. Though elastic rheology has limitations, this modeling offers interesting results on what gravity signal can be expected from the AGTO project (Absolute Gravity in the Taiwanese Orogen), which proposes to study the dynamic of these mountain ranges using absolute gravimetry (AG) and also including relative gravimetry (RG) and GPS measurements. 相似文献
15.
Mountain‐range topography is determined by the complex interplay between tectonics and climate. However, often it is not clear to what extent climate forces topographic evolution and how past climatic episodes are reflected in present‐day relief. The Andes are a tectonically active mountain belt encompassing various climatic zones with pronounced differences in rainfall, erosion, and glacier extent under similar plate‐boundary conditions. In the central to south‐western Andes, climatic zones range from hyperarid desert with mean annual rainfall of 5 mm/a (22·5°S) to year‐round humidity with 2500 mm/a (40°S). The Andes thus provide a unique setting for investigating the relationship between tectonics, climate, and topography. We present an analysis of 120 catchments along the western Andean watersheds between 15·5° and 41·5°S, which is based on SRTMV3‐90m data and new medium‐resolution rainfall, tropical rainfall measurement mission (TRMM) dataset. For each basin, we extracted geometry, relief, and climate parameters to test whether Andean topography shows a climatic imprint and to analyze how climate influences relief. Our data document that elevation and relief decrease with increasing rainfall and descending snowline elevation. Furthermore, we show that local relief reaches high values of 750 m in a zone between 28°S to 35°S. During Pleistocene glacial stages this region was affected by the northward shifting southern hemisphere Westerlies, which provided moisture for valley‐glacier formation and extended glacial coverage as well as glacial erosion. In contrast, the southern regions between 35°S to 40°S receive higher rainfall and have a lower local relief of 200 m, probably related to an increased drainage density. We distinguish two different, climatically‐controlled mechanisms shaping topography: (1) fluvial erosion by prolonged channel‐hillslope coupling, which smoothes relief, and (2) erosion by valley glaciers that generates relief. Finally, Our results suggests that the catchment‐scale relief of the Andes between 28°S to 35°S is characterized by a pronounced transient component reflecting past climatic conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
褶皱逆冲带的几何学研究是造山带研究的热点,但是无论是传统构造地质学方法还是地球物理学方法都在研究褶皱逆冲带几何特征时存在多解性.为了制约这种多解性,本文以天山北麓的呼图壁河剖面为列,介绍一种地质与地球物理相结合的研究方法.该方法首先沿呼图壁河剖面进行详细的地表观测,获取地表的构造地质数据形成初步的地质模型,其次结合地表构造和钻井分层数据,对收集到的石油地震剖面进行重新解释.然而,地震反射数据只分布在盆地内部,在盆山结合带缺失或者不清晰,因此对该剖面进行了重力测量并计算出布格重力异常.结合盆地各沉积地层和基底密度值,用重力正演方法模拟呼图壁河剖面的密度结构.研究结果显示沿呼图壁河剖面并不存在天山北缘断裂,盆地的沉积盖层可以从准噶尔盆地连续过度到天山内部并不整合覆盖在天山古生代基底之上.这一结果与西段金钩河剖面的天山基底逆冲到准噶尔盆地显然不同,说明了天山北缘盆山结合带构造的多样性.利用平衡剖面技术,恢复的呼图壁河平衡剖面缩短量约为4.8 km,对比前人研究,说明了天山北缘的缩短量沿东西方向存在显著的不均一性.本研究也说明这种构造地质与地震及非震地球物理相结合的方法可以广泛地被应用于褶皱逆冲带. 相似文献
17.
扬子板块东北缘中元古代的大地构造划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扬子板块东北缘存在四条主要的中元古代变质带,自南向北依次为江南变质带、沿江变质带、云台一张八岭变质带和连云港一泗阳变质带。它们分别为中元古代的古弧后盆地、火山岛弧、裂谷及弧前盆地,扬子板块东北缘中元古代为活动大陆边缘构造体系。苏（北）胶（南）变质造山带应解体,其中一部分属扬子大陆边缘体系。 相似文献
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From incipient island arc to doubly‐vergent orogen: A review of geodynamic models and sedimentary basin‐fills of southern Central America 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Southern Central America is a Late Mesozoic/Cenozoic island arc that evolved in response to the subduction of the Farallón Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate in the Late Cretaceous and, from the Oligocene, the Cocos and Nazca Plates. Southern Central America is one of the best studied convergent margins in the world. The aim of this paper is to review the sedimentary and structural evolution of arc‐related sedimentary basins in southern Central America, and to show how the arc developed from a pre‐extensional intra‐oceanic island arc into a doubly‐vergent, subduction orogen. The Cenozoic sedimentary history of southern Central America is placed into the plate tectonic context of existing Caribbean Plate models. From regional basin analysis, the evolution of the southern Central American island arc is subdivided into three phases: (i) non‐extensional stage during the Campanian; (ii) extensional phase during the Maastrichtian‐Oligocene with rapid basin subsidence and deposition of arc‐related, clastic sediments; and (iii) doubly‐vergent, compressional arc phase along the 280 km long southern Costa Rican arc segment related to either oblique subduction of the Nazca plate, west‐to‐east passage of the Nazca–Cocos–Caribbean triple junction, or the subduction of rough oceanic crust of the Cocos Plate. The Pleistocene subduction of the Cocos Ridge contributed to the contraction but was not the primary driver. The architecture of the arc‐related sedimentary basin‐fills has been controlled by four factors: (i) subsidence caused by tectonic mechanisms, linked to the angle and morphology of the incoming plate, as shown by the fact that subduction of aseismic ridges and slab segments with rough crust were important drivers for subduction erosion, controlling the shape of forearc and trench‐slope basins, the lifespan of sedimentary basins, and the subsidence and uplift patterns; (ii) subsidence caused by slab rollback and resulting trench retreat; (iii) eustatic sea‐level changes; and (iv) sediment dispersal systems. 相似文献
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东北亚中生代火山岩的地球动力学意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
东北亚中生代火山岩可划分为陆内环状火山岩带、纬向火山岩带和陆缘北北东向火山岩带,本文通过对俄罗斯、蒙古、中国东北、日本和朝鲜半岛在内的东北亚中生代火山岩分布图的编制,以及火山岩地球化学对比研究,认为东北亚中生代火山岩是古亚洲洋构造域向太平洋构造域转换时期,深部地幔地球化学过程以及东亚大陆与古太平洋板块相互作用的产物。在晚古生代至早中生代古亚洲构造域的闭合和欧亚大陆形成过程中,古亚洲域冷板块向地幔深部潜入而引发的热地幔柱的上升,是东北亚中生代大地构造演化和岩浆作用的重要控制因素。 相似文献