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《测绘科学》2020,(6)
针对传统政务地理信息业务系统及地理信息公共平台建设成本大、用户门槛高、专业性质强,不利于地理信息服务在政务工作中的推广应用这一问题,该文讨论了实现通用政务地理信息系统的3项关键技术。首先聚合多源地图平台的地理编码与地名检索服务,实现文本数据空间化;然后提出面向专题数据属性及空间信息的通用统计分析方法;再基于开源矢量地图、图表框架实现专题数据及统计分析结果的可视化;最后搭建了一套政务地理信息系统,并结合多领域政务专题数据开展应用实验。实验结果表明,该文提出的数据空间化、统计分析及可视化技术方法具有较强的通用性,系统建设与运维成本低,能够满足政务工作对地理信息服务的最广泛需求。 相似文献
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地理空间数据交换平台是指以基础地理信息系统为基础,通过计算机网络系统将所有与地理空间位置有关的、经济社会发展所需的信息资源进行跨部门交换,并按统一标准对信息数据进行处理、集成、整合和有效的管理,在政策、法规的框架下为信息需求者提供目录信息、元数据信息、专题地理信息、经集成整合后的共享地理信息以及地理信息数据的在线访问、交换等信息公共服务和技术支持,实现地理空间数据拥有单位、管理机构以及使用者之间地理空间数据的交换和充分共享. 相似文献
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地理实体作为时空信息云平台的基础数据,在城市信息化建设中发挥了重要作用,是智慧城市的重要组成部分.以地理实体为基础,可有效整合地理实体相关的专题数据,实现城市数据的一体化管理,形成时空信息云平台的资源服务体系.本文主要研究地理实体的数据获取、组织、更新、融合和智能化应用方面的内容,并以智慧柳州时空信息云平台为例,阐述地理实体在时空信息云平台建设和应用中的作用. 相似文献
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根据聊城市1949-2007年的耕地数据,以耕地变化率来描述耕地数量变化的速率,借助Fisher最优分割法将耕地变化率状态分为5个等级,利用规范化后的各阶自相关系数为权重,运用加权马尔可夫链模型对聊城市耕地需求量进行预测。结果表明,预测值与实际值的相对误差为0.01%,预测结果非常理想,同时也验证了加权后的马尔可夫预测法更具科学性和实用性。 相似文献
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基于GIS的榆林市乡镇地名分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用不同的网络公开地名数据源进行数据融合,获得榆林市乡镇级居民地地名数据,在此基础上,对地名数据进行统计分类,引入地名密度和地名点距离的指标,运用GIS的分析方法,对榆林市乡镇级地名数据进行景观分析。研究得出:榆林乡镇地名从东南向西北部递减,并且呈现出聚集的分布特征;榆林市的自然人文特征直接体现在其主要地名分类的分布上,山水类地名的分布反映了榆林西北部沙漠干旱,东南部黄土丘陵、河流较密的自然特点,姓氏、军事类地名的分布则反映了榆林市的移民文化、多民族混居的民族特色,以及古代军事价值高的特点。 相似文献
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The ability to visualize location and time information on satellite‐generated maps using geographic information systems (GIS) such as Google Earth has enabled researchers with limited mapping expertise to use GIS for a wide range of applications. GIS holds special benefits for research in historical geography involving visualization of events and time‐based changes in geographical information. This article describes a Microsoft Excel VBA application which automatically converts information contained in a Microsoft Excel workbook into a.kml (Keyhole Markup Language) file suitable for display by mapping systems such as Google Earth. The application requires no knowledge of KML or Excel VBA. An example illustrates how the application can be used to trace the Mongol invasion of Eastern Europe. 相似文献
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数据仓库及其在城市规划决策支持系统中的应用探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
谢榕 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2000,25(2)
在分析传统决策支持系统在城市规划决策应用中存在的问题的基础上 ,初步提出一种基于数据仓库的城市规划决策支持系统的基本框架 ,探讨了该系统建立中数据仓库的数据组织、数据挖掘、知识发现方法等关键技术问题 ,并进一步阐述城市规划决策支持系统的建立方法 ,最后以荆州市环境规划为例 ,说明数据仓库在城市规划决策支持系统中的具体应用。 相似文献
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Land-use and land-cover (LULC) conversions have an important impact on land degradation, erosion and water availability. Information on historical land cover (change) is crucial for studying and modelling land- and ecosystem degradation. During the past decades major LULC conversions occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia and South America as a consequence of a growing population and economy. Most distinct is the conversion of natural vegetation into cropland. Historical LULC information can be derived from satellite imagery, but these only date back until approximately 1972. Before the emergence of satellite imagery, landscapes were monitored by black-and-white (B&W) aerial photography. This photography is often visually interpreted, which is a very time-consuming approach. This study presents an innovative, semi-automated method to map cropland acreage from B&W photography. Cropland acreage was mapped on two study sites in Ethiopia and in The Netherlands. For this purpose we used Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) and a Random Forest classification on a set of variables comprising texture, shape, slope, neighbour and spectral information. Overall mapping accuracies attained are 90% and 96% for the two study areas respectively. This mapping method increases the timeline at which historical cropland expansion can be mapped purely from brightness information in B&W photography up to the 1930s, which is beneficial for regions where historical land-use statistics are mostly absent. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTUsing Artl@s as an example of a project that relies on volunteered geographic information (VGI), this article examines the specific challenges that exist, beyond those frequently discussed in general VGI systems (e.g., participants’ motivation and data quality control) in regard to sharing research data in humanities: (1) most data from the humanities is qualitative and collected from multiple data sources which are often inconsistent and unmappable; (2) data is usually interconnected with multiple relationships among different tables which creates challenges for both mapping and query functionality; (3) data is both geographical and historical. Consequently addresses that no longer exist have to be geolocated and visualized on historical basemaps and spaces must be represented diachronically; (4) the design of web map application needs to balance both sophisticated research requirements and a user-friendly interface; (5) finally contributors expect their data to be cited or acknowledged when used in other studies and users need metadata and citation information in order to reuse and repurpose datasets.In this article, we discuss how Artl@s, a project which developed a georeferenced historical database of exhibition catalogues, addresses these challenges. Artl@s provides a case study for VGI adoption by digital humanities scholars for research data sharing, as it offers features, such as flexible batch data contribution, interrelated spatial query, automatic geolocalization of historical addresses, and data citation mechanisms. 相似文献
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徐婵 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(3)
结合辽宁省历史遗留和自然灾害损毁土地调查工作,总结出一套适用于损毁土地调查与建库的工作流程,涵盖从数据准备、外业核查到内业汇总入库全过程,并对损毁土地复垦方向做出了科学、合理的评价,为其他省份开展历史遗留和自然灾害损毁土地调查提供借鉴和指导。 相似文献
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基于空间查询的历史数据回溯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对时态GIS中对历史数据回溯的需求,在分析总结常用的几种实现方法之后,提出了基于空间查询的历史回溯方法,并给出了具体实现方法,在时空GIS开发中的历史数据回溯方面有较好的实现价值。 相似文献
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耕地需求量预测的加权模糊-马尔可夫链模型 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以耕地利用动态度为度量，利用模糊有序聚类方法将耕地需求量划分为不同的模糊状态区间，利用模糊集理论构建马尔可夫链状态转移概率矩阵，以规范化的各阶自相关系数为权重改进传统的马尔可夫链预测模型，用改进后的模型对土地利用规划中耕地需求量进行预测。实验结果表明，改进后的方法较传统的预测方法更具科学性和实用性。 相似文献