共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In recent years, there has been heightened interest in creating more environmentally sustainable forms of urban development in China. Central in these greening initiatives has been increased attention on promoting public participation in community-based environmental activities. Focusing on China’s green community initiatives, we examine the production and effects of participation in a state-led development program. Our analysis considers how incentives for program organizers and participants are structured by broader political and economic imperatives facing Chinese cities. We also consider what influence China’s history of neighborhood-based mobilization campaigns had on the meanings and methods of participation in green communities. To understand how urban development processes and memories of mobilization influence participation at the local level, we present two examples of the community greening process from the city of Guangzhou, comparing policy outcomes between a new and older neighborhood. This article seeks to demonstrate that the participatory processes associated with such an urban environmental initiative cannot be adequately understood without reference to earlier participatory practices and broader policy priorities guiding development in Chinese cities. 相似文献
2.
Emily Eaton 《Geoforum》2008,39(2):994-1006
This paper traces attempts to foster local, sustainable food projects in Niagara, Canada as part of community economic development (CED) projects during two distinct periods of provincial governance. In the first period (1990-1995), social democratic government support for local sustainable food projects through CED can be understood as neocommunitarian in nature. During this time there was a concerted attempt to link local people with access to local food and also to support a relationship between local food projects and agri-tourism. I argue that this neocommunitarian policy was an accommodation to a wider and more global neoliberal hegemony and was underlain by a romanticism of petty commodity production and a tenuous link to social and ecological sustainability. In the second period of governance (beginning in 1995) the progressive conservative government led by Mike Harris pursued particularly virulent, revanchist forms of neoliberal governance. With many of their state supports slashed, Niagara NGOs and activists turned, and were pushed, to more market-led, elitist forms of local food projects and agri-tourism. In these latter food projects, the practices of ecological and social sustainability were significantly hollowed out and their local and light green nature was harnessed as accumulation strategies. The paper is based on interviews conducted in the year 2003 with people involved in various urban and rural food projects (including community gardening, community supported agriculture, local/seasonal cuisine, organic/ecological farming and food box programs). 相似文献
3.
关键带科学是当代地球科学的热点研究领域之一.国际上主要通过关键带监测来促进关键带科学的发展,服务于社会经济发展和生态保护.在我国,关键带研究与监测还处在起步的阶段.神农架大九湖湿地是中纬度地区少见的亚高山泥炭藓湿地,是丹江口水库最大入库河流堵河的源头之一,已被列入国际重要湿地名录,是开展泥炭湿地监测的优良场所.在10多年来系统的古气候与现代过程研究基础上,我们在大九湖部署了较为系统的监测体系,涵盖了关键带的各种要素,特别是生物、水体及温室气体等方面.在监测点的设置上,既考虑了泥炭湿地内部的空间变化,也考虑表层和深部之间的关联,还设置了河流和湖泊对照点.在监测技术上,部分实现了在线高频监测,大部分达到了野外现场测试的要求.本文将对前期的工作进行回顾总结,并对后续的努力方向进行展望.在前期工作的基础上,要逐步完善监测技术和监测设施,并聚焦于泥炭湿地关键带对气候变化(如干旱)的响应,评估气候变化对大九湖泥炭湿地生态功能的影响.加强与国内外同行的合作,在大九湖开展多学科交叉研究.在关键带系统监测的基础上,完善亚高山泥炭湿地关键带的理论认识,并建立合适的泥炭湿地关键带模型,为湿地保护和可持续发展服务. 相似文献
4.
《Geoforum》1996,27(1):1-10
Despite the growing importance of environmental issues within international and national economic policies, little attention has been paid to these issues in work on economic restructuring. However, the increasing adoption of the concept of sustainable development as a means to resolve conflict between the economy and the environment has major implications for the form and direction of economic restructuring. In this paper it is therefore argued that the growing adoption of sustainable development as a central guiding principle for economic development necessitates the incorporation of environmental issues into work on economic restructuring. The limited amount of existing work linking the environment with economic restructuring is criticized and it is suggested that there is considerable potential to use regulation theory to combine debates on economic restructuring and sustainable development. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, we map the gendered contours of contemporary water management in order to demonstrate that regimes for individual ownership of water rights, markets, and the productive use of water simply reinscribe and simultaneously submerge in their apparent gender-neutrality a normative masculinity that underpins economic globalization and fortifies existing power relations. Not only do such arrangements disadvantage reproductive values and non-consumptive users; more generally, they also lack the capacity to ensure water’s sustainable development. Consequently, new management institutions for sustainability are demanded and, in making a case for equity-enhancing and adaptive institutions that better reflect water’s materiality, its multiple values and emerging water scarcity, we argue the need to invoke the conserving and ecologically protective feminine principle. To support our reasoning, we analyse water reform processes instituted in Australia and specifically by the State of Tasmania, referring to the latter jurisdiction to illustrate the gendered nature of resource management and to underscore tensions between economic globalization and sustainability, concluding that the tensions between the two agendas are probably irresolvable. We position our work in the borderlands among gender studies, feminist geography and philosophy, and political ecology, drawing together insights about the construction of resource management, the possibilities of the feminine care ethic, and ideas about the characteristics of institutional systems that could ensure equitable allocation and sustainable use of the planet’s resources. 相似文献
6.
Sustainable indigenous futures in remote Indigenous areas: relationships, processes and failed state approaches 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Richard Howitt 《GeoJournal》2012,77(6):817-828
In many Indigenous territories, continuing processes of primitive accumulation driven by governments?? claims to resources and territory simultaneously deny Indigenous rights and insist on market forces as the foundation for economic and social futures in Indigenous domains. Drawing on research in North Australia, this paper identifies the erasure of Indigenous governance, the development of wickedly complex administrative systems, continuing structural and procedural racism and state hostility to Indigenous rights as constructing Indigenous vulnerability to poverty, addiction and underdevelopment. Shaping sustainable Indigenous futures in remote areas that are characterised by long-term development failure requires rethinking of remote local and regional economic relationships. Recognising remote regional economies as hybrid economies that rely on environmental, social and cultural wealth is an important first step in reorienting policy settings. It is also crucial that we acknowledge sustainable Indigenous futures cannot arise from policy interventions that rely on creating wealth for state and corporate appropriation and assume enough of this wealth can be redistributed to local Indigenous communities to constitute ??development??. Politically constructed crisis interventions, such as Australia??s recent actions in remote Northern Territory communities, represent a failure of state relationships rather than an appropriate and sustainable response to the challenge of Indigenous vulnerability. This paper argues that attention to Indigenous rights and development of good relationships and good processes of governance, autonomy and responsibility within communities as well as between them and governments is fundamental to sustainable Indigenous futures. Without this, neither government programs nor large-scale natural resource-based development projects can deliver sustainable futures for remote Indigenous groups. 相似文献
7.
可持续发展理论与《中国21世纪议程》 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
可持续发展与２１世纪议程是当代全球十分关注的两个新概念。我国政府已将可持续发展作为现代化建设中的一个重大战略决策，将《中国２１世纪议程》作为制定国民经济和社会发展计划的指导性文件。文章从国际可持续发展面面观和我国学者对可持续发展理论的理解与探讨等几个层次上剖析了可持续发展的内涵，并结合全球第一个国家级２１世纪议程──《中国２１世纪议程》的制定与实施，阐明了《中国２１世纪议程》的主要内容、特点及其与可持续发展的联系，为地学工作者理解我国这一重大战略和贯彻实施《中国２１世纪议程》提供了导向性信息。 相似文献
8.
Marilyn Little 《GeoJournal》1995,35(2):123-135
The liberation of development is the release of geographic research from the domination of the economic model. Much of human activity across the globe has been rendered marginal by the focus on economic growth as the only measure of development. Our inability to observe, record and analyze development that does not generate income has affected geographers' ability to contribute to the current discourse on the dichotomy between human progress and nature conservation. Economic development is only one of three forms of development: human, social and resource. It is dependent on the first two and must be considered a neutral factor in integrated development. The need for sustainable development requires a human-centered approach in development theory as one cannot be achieved without the other.Alternatives to the economic model have been motivated by political and or religious principal. This paper uses an umbrella term, One-World Development movement, to describe the many alternatives pursued globally. Three examples of the movement are explored: voluntary simplicity, alternative trading organizations and multiculturalism/liberation theology. Some of the most significant progress in social development worldwide during the last two decades have been impelled by the movement. 相似文献
9.
Ann M. Oberhauser 《GeoJournal》2016,81(3):489-502
Critical approaches to development theory and practice provide alternative perspectives that focus on counterhegemonic and discursive dimensions of the development process. Feminist development is one such approach that opens up new spaces and opportunities to promote socially progressive and sustainable economic strategies. This paper uses feminist development geography as a framework to highlight the intersection of diverse spaces and economic strategies at the household and community levels. The analysis focuses on gendered livelihoods that are linked to circular migration and use of natural resources as a way to understand the integration of rural and urban spaces of development. The empirical section of this paper examines demographic patterns and socio-economic trends in Limpopo Province, South Africa as a context for the case study of two community-based women’s producer groups. These examples illustrate how economic strategies and social identities are embedded in and integrate both rural and urban spaces. This analysis contributes to feminist and post-structural development theory and practice by highlighting the potential for progressive forms of economic and social empowerment. 相似文献
10.
Jason Beery 《Geoforum》2012,43(1):25-34
Over the past decade, there has been a significant structural and geographical change in space travel. Following policy, budgetary and regulatory changes in the United States, space travel may now be conducted by private companies. This privatization has also led to some geographical competition and shifts between states within the US. In this paper, I respond to MacDonald’s (2007) call for more critical geographies of outer space activity. Building from his suggestion that we look more closely at the ways in which outer space activity is constituted by “numerous familiar operations” with respect to the practices of international relations and war and to the “basic infrastructural maintenance of the state and the lives of its citizenry”, this paper explores why the US Government has allowed for private space travel and why this privatization drove some states in the US to invest heavily in such a nascent industry sector. It argues that federal and state governments both saw private space travel as a means to fulfill their “basic infrastructural maintenance” with regard to economic expansion, development and competitiveness. The paper analyses these processes through the development of space tourism. In doing so, it provides more detail and geographical context to Dickens and Ormrod’s (2007) overview of the connections between outer space and the circuits of capital. It also demonstrates the many familiar political-economic processes involved in the privatization of space travel and, as such, the possibilities for further critical geographies of space activity. 相似文献
11.
人类活动引起的营养物质输入对海湾生态环境的影响机理与调控原理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近几十年来,高强度人类活动导致海湾生态环境恶化、生态系统失衡,已严重威胁到海岸带地区经济和社会的可持续发展。营养物质输入是人类活动影响海湾生态环境的关键因素。海湾营养物质来源多样,形态转化多变,生态过程及其效应复杂,营养物质在海湾的迁移转化规律及其对海湾生态环境的影响过程与机理,是国际海洋生态环境研究的前沿。目前,国际海湾生态环境研究主要呈现出如下发展趋势:1从环境质量、生物群落结构等现象研究转向环境变化机理、生态系统结构与功能的响应机制研究;2从对海湾生态环境某个环节的研究转向对海湾生态系统的全过程、系统性研究;3从单纯研究海湾水体转向陆海相互作用的完整性研究,并从管理上提出海陆统筹的要求;4从对海湾生态环境某个时段变化的研究转向生态系统长期连续变化规律的研究。未来应重点开展的研究包括:营养物质在半封闭性海湾长期滞留聚集条件下的迁移转化规律;营养物质变化对海湾生态系统结构与功能的影响过程与机制;基于生态系统水平的海湾综合管理理论体系。 相似文献
12.
Urban regeneration involves the notion of reconstruction of places, where regeneration initiatives are undertaken to ameliorate the quality of physical and social spaces, accrue economic profitability of space, and finally encourage environmental sustainability. Railway stations all around the world have a very important role to play in contemporary urban regeneration strategies as places of both social and material interest. With the progress of the twentieth century several issues like rapidly growing population, seemingly relentless urbanisation, an alarming rate of vehicle emission, and consequent pollution emphasised railway stations as critical places with great potentials of infrastructure development for the optimised functioning of urban centres. Thus the huge value of railway stations and their adjacent land has been acknowledged since the last quarter of the previous century. This paper aims to analyse the place value of railway stations and their immediate neighbourhoods within the urban fabric of a city using a relevant theoretical concept i.e. the ‘Node-Place Model’. Simultaneously it also draws attention to the notion of (re)development of functional spaces in and around the railway stations as a dimension of contemporary urban regeneration strategies, with the help of some global examples. This paper thereby reveals that in the urban centres throughout the entire world the railway stations are progressively attaining the focal position within integrated transport and land use planning strategies, either under the larger concept of 'Transit-Oriented Development' (TOD) or more simply, with the label of (re)development programme. This paper will significantly contribute to the ability of spatial policymakers to direct the future of urban growth towards public transit stations so as to achieve sustainable urban development.
相似文献13.
14.
自然控制与人类社会的可持续发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以如何实现人类社会可持续发展为主题,论述了“控制自然与自然控制”与实现可持续发展的关系;论述了学科交叉点的锐意创新与实现自然控制的关系。以及对在这一研究过程中,应注重发挥哪些学科、领域的优势和大胆开拓创新的交叉学科领域等提出了一些看法。并强调制定区域社会、经济发展战略规划,必须以区域资源、环境状况为基础。 相似文献
15.
Declared in 1990, the Piatra Craiului is one of Romania's 15 national parks and biosphere reserves. It has exceptional scenic
and biodiversity value but is under threat from unsustainable agricultural, forestry and tourism management. The paper examines
these threats in a historical context, regarding both the growth of the town of Braşov and areas of dispersed rural settlement
on the mountain edge, and argues that a sustainable future will require negotiation between the park authorities and all stakeholders,
including the local communities and private woodland owners who have benefited or will benefit from restitution. The way forward
is explored with forest management in a central role. First, the certification of woodlands, along with the establishment
of forest user groups and community woodlands, should help to reconcile the conflicting interests in the woodlands and in
wood processing in support of sustainability. Second, the overgrazing of the meadows which is degrading the pastures, restricting
forest regeneration and conflicting with large carnivore conservation, could be moderated by the growth of ecotourism linked
with bears and wolves which would generate a new source of income to compensate farmers for reducing their flocks – given
the importance of the biodiversity resources and the socio-economic pressures – and the paper therefore considers how new
approaches to forest management might provide a basis for conservation and sustainable development. It will be for the recently-established
national park management system – developed with World Bank Global Environment Facility funding – to take these ideas forward
in due course.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
17.
Kiran Asher 《Geoforum》2009,40(3):292-302
In this paper, we explore how ordenamiento territorial, a territorial zoning policy in the 1991 Colombian Constitution remakes nature and helps constitute the state in the “economically backward” but “biodiversity rich” Pacific lowlands region. We draw on Gramscian insights on hegemony and the importance of conjunctures to trace how changes in the new Constitution and global biogeopolitics reconfigure nature and state power through the mandates of sustainable development, economic growth, and the conservation of biological and cultural diversity. Finally, we contribute to the literature on political ecology by showing how the political power of the state, nature, and capital are interwoven materially and symbolically in complex and contradictory ways. 相似文献
18.
Analysis on exploitation status,potential and strategy of groundwater resources in the five countries of Central Asia 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 As an important part of water resources of the five countries of Central Asia, groundwater resources give critical supports to the regional economic development. Accompanied by rapid economic development, the demand of groundwater is increasing. As a result, the governments are paying more attention to groundwater resource development and utilization. However, there are noticeable issues and contradictions in water resource exploration in these countries. To be more specific, these countries lack the studies in development potential and conception planning, thus influencing the sustainable groundwater development. This paper mainly discusses groundwater development problems in the five countries of Central Asia, and briefly introduces volumes and distribution of transboundary groundwater. In addition, it analyzes the current exploitation status of groundwater and studies the potential in utilizing the resource. Most importantly, it proposes creative ways to address groundwater development issues: To make best of the resource, international cooperation is required. 相似文献
19.
区域发展地学基础综合研究的意义、进展与任务 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
区域发展问题是一个重大的地学问题。由于背景和驱动力的变化,我国的区域发展正面临着一系列复杂问题;解决这些问题很大程度上依赖于对我国区域发展"地学基础"的深刻认识和研究。这种研究不但具有重大实际意义,也是发展地理科学和深化地球表层系统研究的重要途径。论述了区域发展地学基础综合研究的意义,回顾和评价了国内外在此领域内的研究进展,提出研究的目标和任务。国内外近年来的研究表明,人文与自然要素的交叉和综合研究正在成为区域发展研究的前沿领域。我国在影响区域发展的单要素和多要素研究上取得了丰富的积累,而且地球表层系统中"人地关系"综合研究思想也已经兴起了10多年,但真正的交叉和综合研究还很少。进行我国区域发展地学基础综合研究的目标是阐明我国自然和人文要素的区域分异特征及其与区域发展分异之间的耦合关系,揭示地学因素在各时期影响我国区域发展的综合作用机制。 相似文献
20.
岩溶(喀斯特)环境与西部开发 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文从环境地质地球化学角度分析和探讨了我国西南岩溶(喀斯特)地区的开发问题, 包括该区地质环境形成和发展的宏观过程, 它与该区经济发展滞后的关系, 它为该区经济发展准备的有利条件, 以及因地制宜、扬长避短的开发模式等。 相似文献