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1.
作为海洋中最丰富的有机含硫化合物之一,二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)不仅在浮游植物细胞内具有重要的生理生化及生态功能,同时也是海洋微生物的重要营养物,其分解产物二甲基硫(DMS)还是海洋中最重要的还原态挥发性生源有机硫化物,因此DMSP的代谢在全球硫循环中扮演着重要角色。细菌可通过脱甲基与裂解这两条途径降解海水中的DMSP,从而决定硫元素是以含硫蛋白形式进入微生物食物网还是以DMS形式进入大气。截至目前,在高纬度北极海域开展的有关细菌降解DMSP的相关研究报道很少。本文采用荧光定量PCR技术,首次对北极王湾夏季(2015及2016年)海水中涉及细菌降解DMSP的两条主要代谢途径中的脱甲基酶基因dmdA及裂解酶基因dddP的丰度及分布进行了检测。结果显示, 2015—2016年海水中DMSP降解酶基因(dmdA、dddP)与细菌16S rRNA基因的丰度比值的平均值分别为0.25%±0.31%、0.32%±0.58%。2015年水样中,除K5站位的dddP基因之外,表层水中dmdA及dddP的丰度相对值从湾口至湾内均呈递增趋势。但2016年的结果却显示出很大差异:湾口附近dmdA基因丰度相对值总体高于湾内;表层水中的dddP基因丰度相对值变化趋势不明显,而深层水中dddP基因丰度相对值从湾口到湾内总体呈递减趋势。本次研究的结果初步表明,含有DMSP降解基因的浮游细菌在王湾夏季水体中丰度很低,而且参与不同代谢途径的DMSP降解菌在海水中的时空分布存在很大变化。对于王湾水域中细菌参与DMSP分解代谢及其在当地硫元素循环中的生态地位的进一步认识,尚待后续研究工作的深入开展。 相似文献
2.
针对南极普里兹湾内达恩利角附近海域的3个测站共12份海水样品,采用寡营养培养基分离培养极地浮游细菌,通过PCR方法获取其中95株细菌的16S rRNA基因序列。序列分析结果表明,分离获得的95株细菌分属α-变形杆菌纲(Alphaproteobactia)、γ-变形杆菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)3个类群下的35个不同分类单元,其中α-变形杆菌纲为优势细菌,在不同水层中所占的比例为52.6%—62.5%。通过Shannon多样性指数分析发现,南极普里兹湾陆架区测站P2-14多样性指数较陆坡区两测站P2-11和P2-8的高,细菌多样性与浮游植物量和生产力水平呈现正相关。表层细菌Shannon多样性指数最低,50 m水层最高,100和200 m水层多样性指数变化不明显,真光层水体中细菌垂直分布与营养盐和溶解氧浓度存在关联。此外,采用寡营养陈海水培养基,还获得了一些与已报道的16S rRNA基因序列相似性较低的菌株,它们代表了微生物新物种,可能也是南极真光层特有的细菌。研究工作表明,南极普里兹湾真光层水体中蕴藏着丰富的浮游细菌资源,它们有待保护、开发和利用。 相似文献
3.
海洋浮游细菌在海洋生态系统的运行中起着关键性的生物地球化学作用。利用2010年夏季第4次北极考察获得的白令海不同深度水样,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术以及克隆建库等方法,来了解白令海中浮游细菌的多样性和群落组成等信息。结果表明:在白令海海盆区B07站位的50 m处,其浮游细菌的香农多样性指数是最高的,为2.61;香农多样性指数最低的是B07站位的3 m处,为1.99。白令海海盆区的细菌多样性变化比陆架区要大,有可能与海洋环境的复杂变化有关。通过克隆测序,鉴定出的浮游细菌类群分为4大类：α-变形杆菌、β-变形杆菌、γ-变形杆菌和拟杆菌。其中γ-变形杆菌所占的比例最大,为53%,是白令海中的优势种群;拟杆菌其次,为37%。这些浮游细菌在白令海中的分布情况为：γ-变形杆菌和拟杆菌存在于3个位点的所有水层中,α-变形杆菌只存在于B07站位的50m和100 m水层中,β-变形杆菌除B13站位的0 m处外,存在于其他站位的所有水层中。白令海B断面3个站位的温度随着深度的增加而降低,盐度随着深度的增加而升高。大体上白令海海盆区（B07站位）的硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐浓度比陆架区（B15和B13站位）高,陆架区的铵盐浓度较海盆区高。 相似文献
4.
提取白令海表层沉积物样品总DNA,构建沉积物中的细菌16SrDNA文库,通过RFLP酶切分型与序列测定,进行沉积物中的细菌多样性及系统发育分析。结果表明,该沉积物中细菌多样性丰富,获得的125条序列归属于10个细菌类群,包括占据优势地位的变形细菌(Pro-teobacteria,49.6%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria,20.8%),以及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,6.4%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,5.6%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes,5.6%)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae,4%)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia,2.4%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,1.6%)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres,0.8%)、螺旋体(Spirochaetes,0.8%)。此外,还有一部分分类地位尚不明确的细菌(2.4%)。而在变形细菌中,δ、γ亚群为其中的优势类群。 相似文献
5.
为了解南极普里兹湾夏季不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌丰度及群落组成,利用荧光原位杂交(filter in situ hybridization, FISH)技术对海冰及海水样品中古菌进行定量研究,通过构建16S rRNA基因文库对不同层次海冰及冰下海水中古菌进行多样性分析,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。荧光原位杂交结果表明,古菌的平均丰度随着海冰层次的下降呈下降趋势,初步推断可能受海冰中铵离子影响所致;16S rRNA基因文库分析结果表明,仅在海冰底部样品中检测到古菌,且全部16S rRNA基因序列为泉古菌（Crenarchaeota）,与来源于北极海水、海冰中古菌16S rRNA基因序列相似性最高,属于泉古菌海洋类群I（Marine Group I Crenarchaeota）;冰下海水古菌多样性较高,主要归属于泉古菌Marine Group I和广古菌（Euryarchaeote）Marine Group II 、III。 相似文献
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为了研究滨海化工园区附近潮间带沉积环境中的微生物群落结构,揭示化工园区排污对附近沉积环境中微生物的多样性及群落影响,同时也为揭示滨海化工园区附近潮间带环境中微生物群落的多样性和复杂性。选择浙江省台州市椒江化工园区附近潮间带沉积物微生物群落为研究对象,利用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,在椒江化工园区附近潮间带的沉积物中,共鉴定出古菌和细菌16门43科76属176种,其中,变形菌门丰度最高,其序列数占总序列数的62.4%;ACE指数和Chao指数的平均值分别为232和233,Shannon多样性指数平均值为4.44,Simpson多样性指数平均值为0.033,表明潮间带沉积物中微生物群落的多样性水平较高,化工园区南、北端附近潮间带沉积物中微生物群落的多样性水平差异较小;沉积物中绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门物种数量等与多数环境指标显著负相关,装甲菌门、脱铁杆菌门和待定菌群OD2、TM8物种数量则与多种重金属、多环芳烃和多氯联苯化合物含量显著正相关。 相似文献
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以内蒙古河套灌区湿地植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤为材料,采用分离培养法对天然湿地和退化湿地的芦苇根际细菌多样性进行了研究。16SrRNA基因系统发育分析的结果显示,分离自天然湿地芦苇根际的45株细菌分属于γ-变形菌纲(44.44%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(42.22%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(13.33%)3大类群,其中,γ-变形菌纲为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)(42.2%)为最优势菌属;分离自退化湿地芦苇根际的44株细菌分属γ-变形菌纲(13.63%)、β-变形菌纲(6.82%)、厚壁菌门(47.73%)及放线菌门(Actino-bacteria)(31.82%)4大类群,其中厚壁菌门为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属(40.9%)为最优势菌属。研究结果表明,天然湿地和退化湿地芦苇根际细菌都具有较丰富的多样性,但天然湿地与退化湿地芦苇根际细菌群落结构存在一定差异。 相似文献
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本文利用2008年我国第三次北极科学考察的机会,分析了夏季楚科奇海微微型、微型浮游植物和细菌丰度的分布特征,并探讨了它们与楚科奇海水团之间的关系。结果表明：与北冰洋的其它海域相比,楚科奇海的微型浮游植物丰度相对较高（0.03~10.23×103 cells/mL）,微微型浮游植物则大致相同（0.01~2.21×103 cells/mL）,而浮游细菌丰度明显较高（0.21~9.61×106 cells/mL）。白令海陆架水与海冰融化混合水和阿纳德尔水浮游植物群落结构不同,夏季随着太平洋水入流水对楚科奇海的日益影响,其水体本身的群落结构可能被外来群落替代。 相似文献
9.
《干旱区地理》2016,(1)
采用纯培养、结合核糖体DNA扩增片段限制性酶切分析(16S r DNA PCR-RFLP)、RepPCR及16S r DNA序列测定和系统发育分析方法研究塔吉克斯坦哈特隆州土壤可培养细菌群落结构和种群多样性。从哈特隆州的农田、天然草地、林地及荒漠土壤中分离获得110个菌株,分布在厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(80.9%)、变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)(17.2%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(1.85%)三个类群中,归属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)、短杆菌(Brevibacterium)、节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、棍状杆菌(Clavibacter)、短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas)、贪食菌(Variovorax)、假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas)、芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina)、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus)、无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)和Rheinheimera共12个属中。其中Bacillus(71.8%)为该地区土壤可培养细菌绝对优势种群,Pseudomonas(10.9%)为次优势种群。对优势种群Bacillus的Rep-PCR基因组指纹图分析表明,63株分离物有17种不同的多态性指纹图谱,具有较为丰富的多样性特征。不同样地土壤中可培养细菌的种群分布、结构组成及多样性存在明显差异,与土壤环境密切相关。Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度和Pielou均匀度指数与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮及含水量呈显著正相关(p0.05)。土壤速效钾含量也是显著影响细菌Shannon多样性、Simpson优势度的重要因素。研究不仅为后期功能菌株的筛选提供了基础,也为塔国不同土地利用方式下土壤环境评价提供了依据。 相似文献
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《中国沙漠》2016,(6)
测定了乌拉特荒漠草原典型植被类型——小针茅(Stipa klemenzii)群落土壤细菌多样性及垂直分布特征。结果表明:乌拉特荒漠草原小针茅群落土壤细菌多样性的垂直分布表现出0~5cm10~20cm5~10cm,其中表层(0~5cm)土壤细菌多样性显著高于下层(5~10cm和10~20cm),5~10cm和10~20cm层之间差异不显著。土壤细菌在不同深度之间的群落相似度60%~70%。小针茅群落中土壤细菌分别归属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Proteobacteria)。其中,Halospirulinasp.、Bacillus circulans和Lactobacillus pentosus是优势细菌(占总细菌的44.05%)。在荒漠草原小针茅群落中,土壤养分、机械组成和酸碱度共同影响着土壤细菌群落组成和分布格局,其中土壤pH值、全氮和黏粉粒含量(贡献率分别是24.28%、15.81%和10.60%)是影响细菌群落垂直分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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2006年夏末,对北极黄河站附近的王湾(Kongsfjorden)海域基础环境特征进行调查,并采用模拟实验研究了该海域浮游植物对光照和盐度变化的适应性。结果显示:浮游植物群落在无光照条件下培养1天或者1周后,叶绿素a浓度基本保持稳定或略有下降;随后将其置于自然光下培养,叶绿素a浓度呈现先明显下降、后稳步上升的趋势。在盐度实验中,稀释倍率为10%时,浮游植物群落生长速率达到最大值,但将稀释倍率增大到一定程度(≥40%)时,低盐会限制浮游植物生长。研究显示,夏末王湾海域浮游植物群落对低光照环境具有一定的适应性;另外,由于低稀释率能促进浮游植物的生长,湾外由于受到融水影响的程度较小,因而有益于浮游植物的生长。 相似文献
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The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
《Polar research》2002,21(1):167-208
Kongsfjorden is a glacial fjord in the Arctic (Svalbard) that is influenced by both Atlantic and Arctic water masses and harbours a mixture of boreal and Arctic flora and fauna. Inputs from large tidal glaciers create steep environmental gradients in sedimentation and salinity along the length of this fjord. The glacial inputs cause reduced biomass and diversity in the benthic community in the inner fjord. Zooplankton suffers direct mortality from the glacial outflow and primary production is reduced because of limited light levels in the turbid, mixed inner waters. The magnitude of the glacial effects diminishes towards the outer fjord. Kongsfjorden is an important feeding ground for marine mammals and seabirds. Even though the fjord contains some boreal fauna, the prey consumed by upper trophic levels is mainly Arctic organisms. Marine mammals constitute the largest top-predator biomass, but seabirds have the largest energy intake and also export nutrients and energy out of the marine environment. Kongsfjorden has received a lot of research attention in the recent past. The current interest in the fjord is primarily based on the fact that Kongsfjorden is particularly suitable as a site for exploring the impacts of possible climate changes, with Atlantic water influx and melting of tidal glaciers both being linked to climate variability. The pelagic ecosystem is likely to be most sensitive to the Atlantic versus Arctic influence, whereas the benthic ecosystem is more affected by long-term changes in hydrography as well as changes in glacial runoff and sedimentation. Kongsfjorden will be an important Arctic monitoring site over the coming decades and a review of the current knowledge, and a gap analysis, are therefore warranted. Important knowledge gaps include a lack of quantitative data on production, abundance of key prey species, and the role of advection on the biological communities in the fjord. 相似文献
13.
Wojciech Walkusz Slawek Kwasniewski Stig Falk-Petersen Haakon Hop Vigdis Tverberg Piotr Wieczorek & Jan Marcin Weslawski 《Polar research》2009,28(2):254-281
Seasonal changes in the zooplankton composition of the glacially influenced Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (79°N, 12°E), and its adjacent shelf were studied in 2002. Samples were collected in the spring, summer and autumn in stratified hauls (according to hydrographic characteristics), by means of a 0.180-mm Multi Plankton Sampler. A strong front between the open sea and the fjord waters was observed during the spring, preventing water mass exchange, but was not observed later in the season. The considerable seasonal changes in zooplankton abundance were related to the seasonal variation in hydrographical regime. The total zooplankton abundance during the spring (40–2010 individuals m−3 ) was much lower than in the summer and autumn (410–10 560 individuals m−3 ). The main factors shaping the zooplankton community in the fjord include: the presence of a local front, advection, the flow pattern and the decreasing depth of the basin in the inner fjord. Presumably these factors regulate the gross pattern of zooplankton density and distribution, and override the importance of biological processes. This study increased our understanding of seasonal processes in fjords, particularly with regard to the strong seasonal variability in the Arctic. 相似文献
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依据 1 999年 7月至 9月中国首次北极考察队在白令海、楚科奇海和南加拿大海盆的现场调查资料 ,本文分析了三个海区的水团特征 :( 1 )白令海水团主要由季节变化显著的白令海上层水团和中层水团以及深层水团组成 ;( 2 )楚科奇海水文特征受融结冰过程影响较大 ,1 999年7月和 8月差异较大 ,其水团主要为浅海变性水团 ,包括两个次级水团 ,楚科奇海夏季水和来自北太平洋以及北冰洋变性的外海入侵水 ;( 3)南加拿大海盆的水团主要由受融结冰过程影响的表层水团、源于太平洋水的次表层水、源自北大西洋的中层水团和深层水团组成 相似文献
16.
Ecological responses to climate change in a bird-impacted High Arctic pond (Nordaustlandet,Svalbard)
A 28-cm sediment core from an Arctic pond (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard), which is currently subjected to the fertilizing effect of bird guano, was analysed for fossil invertebrates and the physical properties of the sediment. The objective was to examine aquatic community responses to climate warming. Our record reveals that faunal changes have occurred. Initially chironomid assemblages were dominated by a cold-indicating oligotrophic community but this was replaced by a community typical of more nutrient-enriched conditions and warmer water temperature at around AD 1,700–1,800. After AD 1,800, ostracods and Daphnia increase suggesting that a nutrient enrichment threshold was crossed, probably related to increased planktonic algal productivity. In the early twentieth century, organic content markedly increases and magnetic susceptibility values suddenly drop, indicating a further increase in nutrient input and lake productivity. Since the most likely source of nutrients in the lake is goose guano, this suggests that the size of the bird colony may also have increased over this period. These changes coincide with climate warming suggesting a positive feedback in which climate change is the primary driver of the increasing geese abundance and lake productivity. Our results further suggest that the predicted future warming in the Arctic will continue to have cascading effects on freshwater ecosystems in the region. 相似文献
17.
本文分析了 1 999年夏季我国首次北极科学考察楚科奇海及邻近的北冰洋加拿大海盆南缘海域管水母类的种类组成、丰度和垂直分布。仅在加拿大海盆南缘出现 2种管水母 ,而楚科奇海未发现管水母类。对柔弱五角水母和北极单板水母多营养体期 (无性 )和单营养体期 (有性 )的主要形态特征作了较完整的记述和作图 ,并讨论了它们的形态类型及生态习性。加拿大海盆南缘海域北极单板水母的丰度 (平均 42× 1 0 - 3 个 m3 )大于柔弱五角水母 (2 4× 1 0 - 3 个 m3 )。这 2种管水母均仅出现在水深 1 0 0～ 80 0m ,而且最大丰度也都在 3 0 0— 2 0 0m层 ,即刚好聚集于强盐度跃层中和跃层下面 相似文献
18.
Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden are two ice-proximal fjords on the western coast of Spitsbergen which have been surveyed using multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiling and gravity coring. Central and outer Kongsfjorden is dominated by a 30 km2 outcrop of bedrock, with a thin (<10m) sediment cover. The bedrock displays a relict sub-glacial, ice-scoured topography produced during the glacial re-advances of the Weichselian (20 Ky BP) and again during the last major Holocene re-advance of the Little Ice Age (550-200 yrs BP). Drumlins and glacial flutes are common across the floor of Kongsfjorden, with lengths of 1.5-2.5 km and widths of <100 m, rising up to 10 m in water depths of <100 m. This topography is smoothed by bottom currents from the wind-driven forcing of surface waters. The flow is counter-clockwise, matching boundary layer movement under the influence of Coriolis force. Both fjords are characterized by a variable acoustic character, based on sub-bottom profile data. The deepest basins are dominated by parallel, well-laminated reflectors and an irregular-transparent acoustic character indicating the presence of Holocene-age fine-grained sediments up to 30 m thick. A parallel, irregular-transparent acoustic character with waveform morphology in inner Kongsfjorden is interpreted as moraines, originating from the 1948 and 1869 surges of Kronebreen glacier. Mass-flows are common on the flanks of topographic highs as acoustically chaotic-transparent lensoid and wedge-shaped reflectors. The sediments of outer and central Kongsfjorden are characterized by bioturbated, gas-rich homogeneous muds interpreted as being the result of the settling of fine-grained sediment and particulate suspensions. 相似文献