共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
Frequent flood is a concern for most of the coastal regions of India. The importance of flood maps in governing strategies for flood risk management is of prime importance. Flood inundation maps are considered dependable output generated from simulation results from hydraulic models in evaluating flood risks. In the present work, a continuous hydrologic-hydraulic model has been implemented for mapping the flood, caused by the Baitarani River of Odisha, India. A rainfall time-series data were fed into the hydrologic model and the runoff generated from the model was given as an input into the hydraulic model. The study was performed using the HEC-HMS model and the FLO-2D model to map the extent of flooding in the area. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 90 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, Land use/Land cover map (LULC), soil texture data of the basin area were used to compute the topographic and hydraulic parameters. Flood inundation was simulated using the FLO-2D model and based on the flow depth, hazard zones were specified using the MAPPER tool of the hydraulic model. Bhadrak District was found to be the most hazard-prone district affected by the flood of the Baitarani River. The result of the study exhibited the hydraulic model as a utile tool for generating inundation maps. An approach for assessing the risk of flooding and proper management could help in mitigating the flood. The automated procedure for mapping and the details of the study can be used for planning flood disaster preparedness in the worst affected area.
相似文献2.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is one of the three national strategies of China, while flood risk is one of the most important concerns in the development of Yangtze River Economic Belt. In order to decrease the risks caused by floods, complete flood management system and adequate pre-arranged planning are desiderated to be researched in advance. This study considers two typical situations of flood risk, in which one is sluice-control situation in flood detention area and another is dike-break situation in flood-protected area, and proposes a framework for flood risk mapping. The results show that the losses caused by flood hazards are massive both in the two typical cases when extreme floods happen. The economic losses of different indicators are of great difference in flood detention area and flood-protected area, respectively. The framework effectively handles the complex boundaries in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and provides more accurate flood routing information. The evacuation plan module which has been incorporated in the framework also provides informative assistance for emergent action of evacuation under urgent condition. 相似文献
3.
4.
Dire Dawa city is identified as one of the most flood-affected cities in Ethiopia. Classifying village-level flood vulnerability using flood indicators is a new approach to Dire Dawa city. Analysis of different flood vulnerability factors underpins sustainable flood risk management and the application of Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) approach is the hub of this study. Relevant data were collected from 110 households sampled from purposely selected 10 villages found in Dire Dawa city. The flood vulnerability index was used to compare, classify and rank villages in terms of their flood vulnerability levels. For this purpose, 24 sets of indicators which are strongly affecting the levels of flood vulnerability were assessed from social, economic and physical perspectives. The FVI of each village was computed with unequal method of weighting indicators. The findings of the study revealed that Dire Dawa city villages were experiencing varying levels of flood vulnerability. Accordingly, villages 05, 06, 07 and 09 were identified with high flood vulnerability level while villages 03, 04 and 08 and villages 01, 02 and extension village were identified with medium and low level of vulnerability, respectively. Interestingly, the findings of the study confirmed that social factors contributed much for flood vulnerability in Dire Dawa city. Hence, future urban flood risk planning and management endeavors in the city of Dire Dawa must be underpinned by proper utilization of the flood vulnerability map developed addressing social vulnerability component through both structural and non-structural urban flood risk management measures.
相似文献5.
Harjeet Kaur Srimanta Gupta Surya Parkash Raju Thapa Rumpa Mandal 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):339
Flood hazards are the most destructive among all natural disasters and are a constant threat to human’s life and property. Effective disaster risk reduction strategies can be improved by geospatial approach in the way of producing information and knowledge that are useful to plan truly effective actions for the protection from floods. This research aims to develop a quantified predictive model of flood susceptibility in the Ghatal and Tamluk subdivision of Medinipur district of West Bengal, India, by means of empirically selected and weighted spatial predictors of flood. The weighted prediction model is used to quantify the spatial associations between individual geospatial factors within the flood inundated study area. Yule’s coefficient and distance distribution analysis are used to assign weights to individual geo-factors, and finally weighted spatial predictors are integrated to a multi-class index overlay analysis to derive the spatially explicit predictive model of flood susceptibility. The resultant susceptibility model reveals that approximately 32.35 and 52.99% of the total study areas (3261.45 km2) are under the category of high-to-moderate flood susceptible zone. Quantitative results of this study could be integrated into the policy process in the formulation of local and national government plans for the future flood mitigation management and also to develop appropriate infrastructure in order to protect the lives and properties of the common people of the Medinipur district. 相似文献
6.
洪涝灾害历来是影响中国的主要自然灾害之一。根据历史文献记载及观测资料,从天气过程、水文过程、受灾情况等方面对1917年海河流域洪涝灾害的自然过程作了详细梳理。得出以下结论： (1) 1917年洪涝灾害呈现由台风袭扰→集中降水→山洪暴发/河流决口→积水/淹没→受灾的成灾过程。 (2) 7月份2次台风带来大范围暴雨,集中性降水出现于7月20—28日,沿燕山、太行山分布,而9月份2次台风带来的暴雨则使灾情更加严重。 (3) 1917年海河流域各河于7月中旬开始涨溢、决口,9月中旬上游降雨结束后,中下游水位趋于稳定并下降,10月份以后洪水才迟缓退去,而洪水泛滥引发的涝灾影响一直延续到1918年。 (4) 1917年洪涝灾害在海河南系和北系都有发生,南系尤为严重,共造成156个县受灾。受灾田亩级数在5级以上的区域主要集中于海河干流沿线、南运河沿线以及河北省文安县等低洼地区。 相似文献
7.
8.
Application of a triangular fuzzy AHP approach for flood risk evaluation and response measures analysis 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Flood risk evaluation and prediction represents an essential analytic step to coherently link flood control and disaster mitigation. The paper established a hybrid evaluation model based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and triangular fuzzy number. It comprises flood risk evaluation and prediction to obtain risk factors ranking and comprehensive flood risk prediction, and then analyzed flood risk response measures. A case study is proposed entailing a flood risk evaluation and prediction in the Lower Yangtze River region. The evaluation results showed that the proposed evaluation and prediction model was capable of adequately representing the actual setting. In addition, a comparison with the previously described AHP and trapezoidal fuzzy AHP, and experimental results are encouraging, which fully demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model. 相似文献
9.
Kuei-Hsien Liao 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):723-750
Despite massive investment in flood control infrastructure (FCI), neither cities nor rivers have been well served—flooding continues to challenge cities around the world, while riverine ecosystems are degraded by FCI. Although new flood hazard management concepts have shifted the focus away from FCI, many cities continue to count on FCI to prevent flood damage. It is assumed that existing built-up areas can only count on FCI, as large-scale retreat is often impossible. However, flood adaptation—retrofitting the built environment to prevent damage during flooding—as an option is often ignored. This paper argues against the continual use of FCI to prevent flood damage by reviewing FCI’s established problems. The paper examines human–river interactions associated with FCI, focusing on the feedback mechanisms in the interactions, with a case study on the Lower Green River (LGR) valley in King County, Washington, USA. An urban ecology research model is employed to organize the case study, where interactions between floodplain urbanization, FCI, flow and sediment changes, flood risk, and riverine ecosystem are explored and two feedback mechanisms—river adjustment and flood risk perception—are explicitly addressed. The resulting complex dynamics, in terms of cross–scale interactions, emergence, nonlinearity, and surprises, are synthesized and limitations of FCI outlined. Flood adaptation is explored as a plausible alternative to flood control to nurture flood resilience. A management scenario of flood adaptation for the City of Kent—the largest municipality in the LGR valley—is developed to discuss the implications of flood adaptation on flood risk and river restoration. 相似文献
10.
阿克苏河洪水类型及其形成的500hPa环流特征 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
利用阿克苏河两条支流和干流的月径流量以及年最大洪峰流量资料,分析了阿克苏河的洪水特征.阿克苏河西支托什干河主汛期在5~8月,北支库玛拉克河与阿克苏河干流的主汛期在7~8月,库玛拉克河的洪水对阿克苏河干流洪水作用更大.托什干河洪水以融雪型、融雪叠加暴雨型两种类型为主,库玛拉克河洪水以融雪(冰)型、融雪(冰)叠加冰湖溃坝型为主,阿克苏河干流洪水以混合型最多见,其次是融雪(冰)型.年最大流量排名前15位的洪水中,阿克苏河两条支流与干流在1987年以后分别出现了7~9a,在此基础上分析归纳了三类形成阿克苏河流域主要洪水的500hPa环流模型.阿克苏河流域主汛期形成混合型洪水的500hPa环流特征为:新疆高压脊稳定在天山山区中部及以东地区,5880gpm等高线北界稳定在天山上空或天山以北,西部边界在帕米尔高原以东的南疆盆地上空,中亚地区为副热带低槽活动区,环流形势相对稳定.主汛期形成融雪(冰)型洪水的500hPa环流特征为:新疆高压脊向北发展且稳定维持3d以上,5880gpm等高线北界稳定在天山以北,西部边界在帕米尔高原以西.春季形成融雪型洪水的500hPa环流特征为:帕米尔高原及西天山受新疆高压脊控制,稳定维持3d以上,高压脊内5840gpm等高线北边界维持在40°N以北. 相似文献
11.
洪水资源化是获得水资源的新途径。本文解释了洪水资源化的理论基础．阐述了洪水资源化的概念及其基本内涵。分析了洪水资源化在淮河流域实行的必要性和可行性．提出了淮河流域洪水资源化利用的基本思路，并指出了实现淮河流域洪水资源化的主要途径。 相似文献
12.
ENSO事件对长江上游1470-2003年旱涝灾害影响分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
对长江上游旱涝灾害时间序列(1470-2003年)及SST指数序列(1868-2003年)作统计相关与谱分析,探讨了长江上游旱涝灾害与ENSO事件的遥相关关系.结果表明:长江上游旱涝灾害主周期要大于ENSO事件的主周期,前者主周期主要为16.69a,5.09a以及10.47a,而后者主周期主要为5a,～10～12年以及～10a.交叉谱分析结果表明,长江上游旱涝灾害与SST在约5a以及约10～12a周期上呈现出显著的相关性.可以认为ENSO事件发生周期与生存周期的长短直接影响着长江上游旱涝灾害发生的周期与频率,并在5a以及10～12a的周期上表现出高的统计相关性.SST指数与长江上游旱涝灾害相关分析表明,ElNiño事件的发生使长江上游发生旱灾机率增大,而LaNiña事件的发生则使长江上游发生涝灾的机率增大. 相似文献
13.
基于投影寻踪和粒子群优化算法的洪水分类研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
洪水分类实际上是洪水强度大小辨别的优化问题。洪水分类不仅影响着水库的实时调度，而且也影响着洪水灾害危险评估。对利用降水预报进行洪水资源利用的水库来说，洪水分类对水库实时调度规则的建立有着重要的作用。因此，洪水分类是一个重要的理论和实践问题。本文以长江三峡水库代表性水文站——宜昌站为研究对象．基于投影寻踪方法建立了洪水分类的优化模型，并利用粒子群优化算法对所建模型进行求解。结果表明了投影寻踪方法和粒子群优化算法在洪水分类研究中的有效性和合理性． 相似文献
14.
行蓄洪区承担着分泄洪水,保护堤防的重任,历年以来行蓄洪区的科学调度运用都是困扰着水利部门的一大难题。本文以《淮河干流行蓄洪区调整规划》实施后的正阳关至峡山口河段为研究对象,利用DHI MIKE系列软件建立规划河道的一、二维耦合水动力学模型。设置行洪区闸门不同开启次序,及该段行洪区开启时间和启用次序组合的不同调度运用工况,分析不同工况下行洪区行洪效果对淮河干流影响效果。结果表明:对于正峡河段,先开启董峰湖行洪区,且适当的延后行洪区的开启时间和退洪闸的开启时间,更有利于发挥行洪效果。本文研究内容可为行洪区调度运用提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Li Chang’an Yin Hongfu Zhang Yufen Gu Yansheng Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
CAUSE FOR FL OODS IN MIDDL E REACH OF YANGTZERIVERFlood,a kind of interface disaster,occurs atthe interfacebetween atmosphere and lithosphere. Flood happens when at-mosphere and lithosphere interplay and couple each other(ofcourse,biosphere may also join in this) . Both meteorologicaland geographical factors can bring about flood;the formercontrols the time of flood and the latter controls the place ofdisaster. The second Neocathaysian tectonic subsidence area(L i,1973) is the… 相似文献
16.
Ibidun O. Adelekan 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(1):215-231
The paper presents the result of a vulnerability assessment of urban dwellers to a major flood hazard in Abeokuta, southwestern
Nigeria in July 2007. This was achieved by means of questionnaire survey administered to 248 flood area residents. Flood vulnerability
was assessed by examining exposure, susceptibility, and coping indicators in the study area. Findings of the study show that
although about 50% of respondents had experienced floods, in Abeokuta or elsewhere in the past, majority (66%) did not anticipate
a flood event of such magnitude to occur despite its location on a flood plain and, therefore, were unprepared for such hazard.
Pre-warning of the flood event was generally lacking among flood area residents as only 8% of respondents indicated pre-warning,
which was based on personal observations. Response to the flood hazard was mainly reactive for both private and public agents
as flood risk reduction measures were not in place. 相似文献
17.
Flood risk assessment is usually performed by application of sophisticated mathematical models of river flow. However, there are cases when it is required to assess the risk in the lack of data conditions or a limited time available. In such cases, it is advisable to use some simplifications, which provide reliable results faster. This study proposes a hybrid approach to the flood risk assessment combining quantitative and qualitative indicators. The article describes various methods to assess the flood risk, such as likelihood of flooding, magnitude of the flood, average annual damage, maximum damage and expectation of damage. The authors examined special cases of calculation of the mathematical expectation of harm and zoning in the corresponding indicators. This approach is designed for the conditions of the Russian Federation, but it can be adapted for other regions. It is based on the use of two types of risk maps. The first type of maps is intended to define the mathematical expectation of damage zones for reference building with possibility of risk calculation for other buildings using multiple factors. The second type of maps is designed for the purposes of land use regulation for floodplains based on a priori statistical estimates of flood risk. 相似文献
18.
Flood of 1997 affected a large number of residents in the Red River Basin. Life disruption, economic damage, lengthy recovery process, physical and emotional trauma motivated a number of main initiatives to improve the level of preparedness in case of future floods. This review will focus on the involvement of the International Joint Commission (IJC). Personal experience is used in this review to emphasize a number of important lessons, of special relevance to Canadian portion of the basin, from the post flood activities. Level of preparedness for, and potential damage from future floods will benefit from focusing very serious effort on the improvement of the Canadian database, exchange of data with the U.S. and standardization of data collection, exchange and use. Tools for sustainable floodplain management are improving. However, the Red River Basin with its characteristics requires a special set of sophisticated tools that will enhance flood flow forecasting, planning of new flood control measures (structural and non-structural) and emergency operations of existing flood protection system. City of Winnipeg, being the largest population centre in the basin deserves a special attention. Additional protection of 670,000 people is required that will take into consideration temporal and spatial distribution of economic and social costs and benefits. 相似文献
19.
Many regions of the world are experiencing an increase in frequency and intensity of floods. There has been increasing understanding among emergency preparedness and natural disaster planners that rapid urbanization is enhancing the risk from river flooding in urban areas. Many regions of Canada have been exposed to particularly severe floods over the course of the last few years, much of this due to land-use change. This study aims at understanding the risk of flooding for the City of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which is located in the Fraser River Delta. The paper presents a fast, efficient and reliable method that can be used to produce vegetation maps from advanced very high resolution radiometer images and SPOT vegetation maps. A 10-day maximum normalized difference vegetation index maps were produced to assess the dynamics of the urbanization process in Vancouver. Remotely sensed data show a significant decrease in vegetation cover in the Metro Vancouver City between 1984 and 2012. The proposed method can be used as an effective tool for raising early land-use change awareness and assist with flood risk management. Flood risk management has a substantial impact on human health and well-being in urban areas, and this flood risk information will be used to assess the impact of flooding and explore the complex relationship between land-use change, urbanization, flooding and impact on urban dwellers. 相似文献
20.
近300a来塔里木河流域旱涝灾害特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
干旱与洪涝是极端水文事件中最具有代表性的水文事件,在气候变化的影响下旱涝灾害事件越来越引起人们的关注. 采用传统的气象干旱指标-标准化降水指数SPI和小波分析法、反距离加权法以及线性回归分析,研究了近300 a来塔里木河流域旱涝灾害分布特征及关键影响因素. 结果表明：近300 a来塔里木河流域旱涝灾害呈增加的趋势,且洪涝事件较干旱事件明显. 其中,喀什、阿克苏等地的发生频率最高,并表现为群发性;近60 a塔里木河流域自西向东旱涝灾害事件呈交替现象. 小波分析结果表明,塔里木河流域旱涝灾害呈现15 a的周期性,由此推断未来5~10 a研究区湿润化面积仍有扩大的可能. 大气环流指数与多尺度下的SPI指相关性检验表明,PNA对秋季和冬季的SPI值的影响较为显著;旱涝灾害对农牧业的影响较为严重,其中,洪涝灾害的影响大于干旱. 相似文献