共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
为了更好地保证从中山站到DomeA的南极内陆冰盖考察,该考察路线沿线的地形信息是必需的．虽然Radarsat南极制图计划fRAMP）能提供迄今为止最高精度的全南极数字高程模型（DEM）,其最高水平分辨率为200m,但其真正的水平分辨率根据源数据的比例尺和区域覆盖密度不同而不同．对于冰架和内陆冰盖地区,水平精度约为5km．在东南极内陆冰盖地区和远离山脉地区该DEM的垂直精度估计为±50m,因此更高精度的地形数据还不存在．为了满足将来对地形信息更高精度的要求,由于ASTER光学影像具有高的空间分辨率05m）,而ICESat／GLAS测高数据有较高的高程精度（13．8cm）,因此本文融合ASTER立体数据和ICESat／GLAS测高数据提取了该考察路线高精度数字高程模型．首先选择一些测高数据点作为ASTER提取DEM过程中的高程控制,以减少匹配错误．由于从75°～81°S范围没有合格的ASTER立体数据覆盖,并且在该范围内ICESat轨道覆盖度大,观测数据比较密集,因此在该区域仅使用ICESat测高数据提取DEM,最后生成覆盖整条路线的DEM．分析结果表明DEM精度得到很大的提高,DEM的绝对垂直精度某些地区优于15m,除了影像009—001外,其余所有结果精度都在30m以内．其内部精度优于15m,某些情况下优于7m．生成的结果达到1：50000制图标准．结果表明在南极地区,综合利用各种遥感数据提取南极地区冰面地形信息是一种经济有效的手段． 相似文献
2.
数字高程模型是重要的地理空间数据,可以提供丰富的地形信息.为了获得时效性好、分辨率高的数字高程模型,本文以南京市为实验区域,利用德国宇航局TerraSAR-X卫星同一轨道上的两幅StripMap模式SAR影像对,主从影像时间间隔只有66天,空间分辨率为3 m.采用InSAR技术,通过迭代的方法来提高获取DEM的分辨率,并结合JAXA/EORC提供的AW3D30数字表面模型与迭代后的DEM进行融合来解决阴影等问题,最终获取了南京地区的高精度数字高程模型.将实验结果分别与90 m分辨率的SRTM、30 m分辨率的ASTER GDEM、30 m分辨率的AW3D30进行相互对比分析.结果表明,相比三种常用的DEM而言,本文获取的DEM能够更精确的获取地面的细节信息,特别是对于分布稀疏的大型单体建筑物,能够很好的恢复其三维信息,但是对于建筑物分布较为密集的区域,由于传感器视线受阻,不能观测建筑物的全貌,阴影分布较多,导致此类区域的DEM结果不理想,还需进一步深入研究,提高精度及可靠性. 相似文献
3.
汶川地震后,震中地区地表形态遭到很大破坏.在该地区开展科学研究急需高精度数字高程模型支持,重建震区数字高程模型十分必要.本文以高精度重建该地区数字高程模型为目标,综合ALOS PRISM获取的三轨立体像对、ALOS PALSAR雷达影像和欧空局发布的汶川地震ENVISAT雷达影像等资料,采用光学遥感立体测图技术、InSAR技术,并融合已有全球数字高程模型,研究建立覆盖此地区15m分辨率的数字高程模型.在利用中国地壳运动监测网络和陆态网络工程项目实测的GPS数据进行高程精度分析后表明:ALOS PRISM DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度);ALOS PALSAR DEM精度优于10 m(95％置信度),而ENVSAT ASAR DEM在平原、丘陵地区精度优于20 m(95％置信度).研究证明:ALOS PRISM能进行高精度的地形测量,ALOS PALSAR在山区仍可获得高精度数字高程模型,ENVISAT ASAR在平原地区的精度较高.因此融合光学、雷达遥感技术完全满足获取高精度、高分辨率震区数字高程模型的需要,这为在困难地区建立高精度数字高程模型提供了一个很好的途径. 相似文献
4.
小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, SBAS-InSAR)因其能够减弱时空失相干、大气延迟效应的影响而在矿区监测中应用广泛.然该技术仍需用到外部参考数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)来去除地形相位,故DEM的精度会直接影响其监测结果的精度,而大范围高精度DEM往往获得困难,且成本较高.为在控制成本的同时得到精度更高的监测结果,本文以武安市某矿区为例,将局部高精度无人机点云生成DEM与大范围的航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务DEM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM,SRTM DEM)相融合,结合融合结果并利用SBAS-InSAR技术和Sentinel-1 A数据进行监测和分析.结果表明：(1)使用融合DEM作为外部参考DEM所得SBAS-InSAR局部矿区监测结果较原始DEM提高了2～3 mm的监测精度;(2)在使用融合DEM所得的监测结果中,不同地物类别上的点有着不同的监测精度,其中农田土路上... 相似文献
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移动摄影测量技术SfM（Structure from Motion）的发展使活动构造研究中快速获得野外中小区域内高精度DEM数据更便捷,DEM数据精度是目前活动构造与测量领域较关注的问题。本文通过对比非RTK模式无人机摄影测量并结合地面控制点（GCPs）生成的SfM DEM数据与基于RTK移动摄影测量技术获取的RTK-SfM DEM数据差异,重点分析搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上的精度。数据采集、处理与对比结果表明:在添加地面控制点后的非RTK模式无人机摄影测量生成的DEM数据中,除测量区域边缘照片较少而产生畸变外,大部分地区畸变率较小;基于移动RTK技术摄影测量获取的高程数据畸变率更小,且与非RTK模式无人机摄影结合地面控制点生成的高程数据存在约0.85 m的系统高程误差,减去该误差后,点云对比结果表明二者95%以上的点垂向误差均＜0.05 m;搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上具有更高的精度,且节省了时间与人工成本。 相似文献
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Lidar能够实时快速的获取高精度的三维地面信息;Lidar产品能方便的与多种实用程序软件接口直接连接,如CAD、三维动画软件等等。这些优势使得Lidar得到了越来越广泛的应用。机载激光雷达(Light Detection And Ranging,简称LiDAR)量测技术是应用机载激光雷达系统进行三维空间测量,得到密集的地面物体的三维坐标点云数据,再通过相关软件处理后,获得DEM、等高线图、正射影像图及三维建筑物模型。由于Li DAR系统本身包含激光、全球定位系统(GPS)和惯性导航系统(INS)三种技术,并与数字航摄仪相结合,而且激光脉冲不受阴影和太阳角度影响,其高程数据精度不受航高限制,因此经过专用软件处理,可在空中完成地面高程模型DEM及数字正射影像图DOM的大规模生产,大大提高航测成图的作业生产效率,减少生产环节,缩短生产周期,提高成图精度。由于比常规摄影测量更具优越性,近些年得到了迅速发展。 相似文献
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数字高程模型(DEM)是南极冰盖变化研究的基础,由于现场实测数据的稀缺,卫星测高数据是南极地区构建DEM的'主要数据来源.CryoSat-2是新一代用于极地冰盖、海冰监测的测高卫星,本文利用2012-12-2015-01两个完整周期的CryoSat-2测高数据建立一个新的南极冰盖DEM.坡度是影响卫星测高精度的重要因素之一,利用改进的重定位方法对CryoSat-2数据进行坡度改正.插值方法是影响DEM精度的重要因素,通过对几种常用插值方法的比较,最后选用克里金插值方法对测高数据进行插值,建立了1km分辨率的南极DEM.在88°S以南的CryoSat-2数据空白区,利用南极数字数据库(ADD)的等高线数据对DEM进行填补,建立了全南极冰盖DEM.利用ICESat卫星测高数据、IceBridge航空测高数据以及GPS地面实测数据对新建立的CryoSat-2 DEM进行精度验证,并与Bamber 1 km DEM、ICESat DEM、RAMPv2 DEM以及JLB97 DEM等四种国际上常用的南极DEM进行比较.结果表明:新建立的CryoSat-2 DEM的整体精度约为0.730±8.398 m;在冰弯顶部区域,DEM精度优于1 m;在冰架上,DEM精度约为4 m;在内陆冰盖大部分地区,DEM精度优于10 m;在地形复杂的山区和沿海边缘地区,DEM误差超过150 m. 相似文献
8.
对于易发生地表形变的区域,传统DEM模型如SRTM,逐渐失去其时效特性,不能准确的描述地质特征,亟待更新重建.本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)采用SAR影像复数据相位信息提取地面三维信息的新技术,介绍了合成孔径雷达干涉测量数字高程模型建立的原理和方法.在此基础上,选取研究区,获取了Envisat ASAR SLC雷达影像数据,采用InSAR算法对研究区的数字高程模型进行了重建.并在研究区的形变区内外分别选取控制点,对重建DEM和SRTM进行比较分析.结果表明:对于易发生形变的特殊区域,传统DEM因失去其时效性,无法准确的描述地形特征;合成孔径雷达干涉测量可以作为此类地区DEM定期重建的有效手段.最后对重建的DEM实现三维可视化,提高了读图效率和成图质量. 相似文献
9.
基于SfM方法的高密度点云数据生成及精度分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
《地震地质》2015,(2)
地形数据的质量(精度和分辨率)影响着地球科学的研究水平。Li DAR测量是目前获取高分辨率地形数据的有效技术方法之一,但是其高昂的测量成本和相对复杂的后期数据处理限制了Li DAR技术的大众化应用。近年来,一种被称为Sf M(Structure from Motion)的适合大众化使用的新的高精度3维地形数据获取技术开始引起人们的注意。这种新型数字摄影测量技术可以利用高效的图像特征匹配算法从多视角照片中提取重叠区域的3维地形数据。由于Sf M技术仅需要目标物体的照片,而且对相机拍摄位置、图像尺度及拍摄焦距没有要求,因此利用简单测量平台采集地面照片就可以获取高质量的3维地形数据。与Li DAR技术相比,大大降低了获取高精度数据的成本,使得高精度3维地形数据的使用大众化。文中介绍了Sf M技术的基本原理和流程,展示了Sf M技术获取高精度3维地形数据的简单而有效的特性,特别适合于植被稀少的区域。文中利用近千米高空拍摄的、具有约70%重叠度的一套随Li DAR飞行采集的数字航空照片生成具有真彩色的高密度Sf M点云数据,点密度高达25.5个/m2,可生成分辨率0.2m的DEM(数字高程模型)。对比相同区域的LiDAR点云数据,统计分析表明58.3%的Li DAR数据与Sf M数据的垂直偏差0.1m,88.3%的Li DAR数据的垂直偏差0.2m;而且发现不同地貌的Sf M数据精度存在差异,平缓地形的Sf M数据精度高于陡峭地形的Sf M数据精度。文中还介绍了以氦气球作为拍摄平台的Sf M测量系统,可以快捷地获取高精度的3D地形数据和正射影像,比目前常用的差分GPS测量具有更高的效率和数据精度。 相似文献
10.
融合多源数据的高精度、高分辨率的局部重力场建模是物理大地测量学的前沿和热点问题.本文研究了基于径向基函数融合多源数据的局部重力场建模方法,利用Monte-Carlo方差分量估计实现了不同类型的观测数据的合理定权,引入了最小标准差法确定基函数的适宜网络,分析了地形因素对于基函数网络确定及局部重力场建模精度的影响.以泊松小波基函数为构造基函数,结合残差地形模型,融合实测的陆地重力异常、船载重力异常及航空重力扰动数据构建了局部区域陆海统一的似大地水准面模型.研究结果表明:引入残差地形模型平滑了地形质量引入的高频扰动信号,简化了基函数的网络设计;并提高了重力似大地水准面的精度,平原地区其精度提高了4mm,地形起伏较大的山区其精度提高了约5cm.总体而言,基于"三步法"构建的局部重力似大地水准面在荷兰、比利时及德国相关区域,其精度分别达到1.12cm、2.80cm以及2.92cm. 相似文献
11.
Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) is a technique that can be used to detect and characterize slope movements. It is investigated here as a tool for establishing a detailed overview of complex slope movements at a regional scale in an Alpine context. This paper gives specific recommendations to use and to understand DInSAR signals in mountainous areas located above the tree line, excluding glaciated areas. It proposes a systematic procedure based on accurate interpretations of interferometric signals from a large DInSAR dataset to locate and estimate the displacement rate of moving zones. The methodology was successfully applied in the Western Swiss Alps, where about 1500 moving objects were detected above the tree line using a large dataset of ERS and JERS interferograms dating from the 1990s. The DInSAR‐detected movements had a displacement rate ranging from a few centimeters to several meters per year and were attributed to various types of mass wasting phenomena (rock glaciers, landslides, etc.). This kind of inventory derived from DInSAR can be used as a preliminary tool for natural hazard management and process understanding in mountain areas. As automatic data archiving and systematic acquisition of SAR data are ensured worldwide for most SAR sensors, a similar methodology can basically be applied in many other parts of the globe – also by using data from current SAR sensors – as long as a high resolution DEM is available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2006,151(4):399-416
The island of Ischia, located at the northwestern end of the Gulf of Napoli (Italy), is a volcanic area that is historically active (the Arso eruption, in 1302 and the Casamicciola earthquake, in 1883) and has diffuse hydrothermal phenomena. We present in this work a study of the surface deformation occurring in the island, which is based on applying the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) algorithm referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique. This study is focused on the 1992–2003 time interval and SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellites from ascending and descending orbits have been used, thus allowing us to discriminate the vertical and east–west components of the displacements. A validation of the DInSAR results has been carried out first by comparing the vertical deformations estimated from the SAR data with those measured from the spirit leveling network that is present in the area. In particular, we computed the difference between the mean vertical deformation velocities estimated from the SAR and the corresponding geodetic measurements along three main leveling lines; the maximum value of the root mean square difference is of about 1 mm/yr. The final discussion is dedicated to the interpretation of the detected displacements, benefiting from the overall information extracted from the ascending and descending DInSAR measurements. In particular, DInSAR data relative to the vertical deformation component show that the present-day subsidence of Ischia mainly develops in areas characterized by active landsliding and along faults; moreover, the deflation of the island, which is recorded by the horizontal displacement component, is probably related to the de-pressurization of the hydrothermal system. 相似文献
13.
Modeling and visualizing uncertainties of flood boundary delineation: algorithm for slope and DEM resolution dependencies of 1D hydraulic models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sven Anders Brandt 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(6):1677-1690
As flood inundation risk maps have become a central piece of information for both urban and risk management planning, also a need to assess the accuracies and uncertainties of these maps has emerged. Most maps show the inundation boundaries as crisp lines on visually appealing maps, whereby many planners and decision makers, among others, automatically believe the boundaries are both accurate and reliable. However, as this study shows, probably all such maps, even those that are based on high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), have immanent uncertainties which can be directly related to both DEM resolution and the steepness of terrain slopes perpendicular to the river flow direction. Based on a number of degenerated DEMs, covering areas along the Eskilstuna River, Sweden, these uncertainties have been quantified into an empirically-derived disparity distance equation, yielding values of distance between true and modeled inundation boundary location. Using the inundation polygon, the DEM, a value representing the DEM resolution, and the desired level of confidence as inputs in a new-developed algorithm that utilizes the disparity distance equation, the slope and DEM dependent uncertainties can be directly visualized on a map. The implications of this strategy should benefit planning and help reduce high costs of floods where infrastructure, etc., have been placed in flood-prone areas without enough consideration of map uncertainties. 相似文献
14.
15.
利用大地测量数据研究2019年6月17日四川长宁MS6.0地震同震形变场特征和发震断层参数, 基于DInSAR技术处理升降轨Sentinel-1A数据获取干涉相位图, 并考虑大气折射效应和余震形变误差实现同震形变场改正。四叉树采样后的形变数据作为反演数据源, 采用弹性半空间分层模型反演发震断层几何面滑动分布。结果表明本次地震发震机制为兼具逆冲和左旋走滑, 矩震级为MW5.9, 断层破裂尺度达28 km×20 km, 震源深度约9.4 km。升降轨视线向同震形变场在断层两侧呈现形变特征差异, 最大沉降量分别是8.34 cm(升轨)和4.23 cm(降轨), 最大抬升量分别是5.5 cm(升轨)和7.5 cm(降轨); 发震断层走向为302°, 倾角为43°, 平均滑动角为50°, 断层面最大滑动量达到0.28 m。 相似文献
16.
Sang‐Hyeok Kang 《水文研究》2009,23(11):1642-1649
In urban areas with a high building density, features such as roads, buildings and river dykes significantly affect flow dynamics and flood propagation. This should therefore be accounted for in the model set‐up. While 2D hydraulic models of densely urban areas are at the forefront of current research into flood inundation mechanisms, these models are constrained by inadequate parameters of topography and insufficient data. In order to solve these problems, topographic information obtained from digital elevation model (DEM) is directly programmed into the urban inundation model for a densely urban area, without exchanging the input data. In this paper, the extraction of building area is described using a tight coupling approach within a GIS environment, and its influence on the extent of flood inundation with a high building density is estimated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
This study is focused on the evaluation of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Tokyo, Japan from data collected by the recently launched TerraSAR add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements (TanDEM-X), satellite of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The aim of the TanDEM-X mission is to use Interferometric SAR techniques to generate a consistent high resolution global DEM dataset. In order to generate an accurate global DEM using TanDEM-X data, it is important to evaluate the accuracy at different sites around the world. Here, we report our efforts to generate a high-resolution DEM of the Tokyo metropolitan region using TanDEM-X data. We also compare the TanDEM-X DEM with other existing DEMs for the Tokyo region. Statistical techniques were used to calculate the elevation differences between the TanDEM-X DEM and the reference data. Two high-resolution LiDAR DEMs are used as independent reference data. The vertical accuracy of the TanDEM-X DEM evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is considerably higher than the existing global digital elevation models. However, the local area DEM generated by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI DEM) showed the highest accuracy among all non-LiDAR DEM’s. The vertical accuracy in terms of RMSE estimated using the 2 m LiDAR as reference is 3.20 m for TanDEM-X, 2.44 m for the GSI, 7.00 m for SRTM DEM and 10.24 m for ASTER-GDEM. We also compared the accuracy of TanDEM-X with the other DEMs for different types of land cover classes. The results show that the absolute elevation error of TanDEM-X is higher for urban and vegetated areas, likewise to those observed for other global DEM’s. This is probably because the radar signals used by TanDEM-X tend to measure the first reflective surface that is encountered, which is often the top of the buildings or canopy. Hence, the TanDEM-X based DEM is more akin to a Digital Surface Model (DSM). 相似文献
18.
Flood modelling of urban areas is still at an early stage, partly because until recently topographic data of sufficiently high resolution and accuracy have been lacking in urban areas. However, digital surface models (DSMs) generated from airborne scanning laser altimetry (LiDAR) having sub‐metre spatial resolution have now become available, and these are able to represent the complexities of urban topography. This paper describes the development of a LiDAR post‐processor for urban flood modelling based on the fusion of LiDAR and digital map data. The map data are used in conjunction with LiDAR data to identify different object types in urban areas, though pattern recognition techniques are also employed. Post‐processing produces a digital terrain model (DTM) for use as model bathymetry, and also a friction parameter map for use in estimating spatially distributed friction coefficients. In vegetated areas, friction is estimated from LiDAR‐derived vegetation height, and (unlike most vegetation removal software) the method copes with short vegetation less than ～1 m high, which may occupy a substantial fraction of even an urban floodplain. The DTM and friction parameter map may also be used to help to generate an unstructured mesh of a vegetated urban floodplain for use by a two‐dimensional finite element model. The mesh is decomposed to reflect floodplain features having different frictional properties to their surroundings, including urban features (such as buildings and roads) and taller vegetation features (such as trees and hedges). This allows a more accurate estimation of local friction. The method produces a substantial node density due to the small dimensions of many urban features. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
永久散射体干涉测量技术可以克服常规干涉方法在区域地表形变测量中的雷达信号失相关和大气延迟影响. 本文对基于永久散射体的干涉处理全过程进行了分析, 基于差分相位的两个主要特性: 沉降信号时序相关、地形相位与空间基线成比例, 提出构建PS网络, 并采用间接观测平差法估计沉降速度网和高程修正网的全局最优解. 实验选取上海地区近10年间的ERS-1/2卫星C波段SAR数据进行干涉处理, 在永久散射体上分离形变信号、高程修正和大气分量, 并最终提取上海地区高分辨率地面沉降速度场, PS结果与地面精密观测成果吻合较好. 相似文献