共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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西北干旱区及高原上卫星遥感非均匀地表区域能量通量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
介绍了目前利用Landsat TM和NOAA/AVHRR遥感资料进行非均匀地表区域地表能量通量和蒸发(蒸散)量研究的进展和存在的难点问题，并提出了解决问题的可能途径。 相似文献
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黑河实验区非均匀地表能量通量的数值模拟 总被引：12，自引：13，他引：12
利用三维非静力RAMS模拟研究了黑河实验区非均匀地表能量通量，模拟结果表明：绿洲地表净辐射通量较沙漠戈壁大；绿洲及沙漠戈壁下垫面上的Bowen比分别为0．4和4．0；夜间绿洲上整晚维持蒸发，并有负感热通量。模拟结果与测站实测结果与卫星反演值的对比研究指出，RAMS对绿洲下垫面潜热通量的模拟和沙漠戈壁下垫面感热通量的模拟与实测值基本一致。卫星遥感反演及数值模拟方法对净辐射的估算与实测较吻合，绿洲地表感热通量的卫星反演值较数值模拟结果更接近于实际，但潜热通量的模拟值则较卫星估算值更接近于实际；沙漠戈壁地表则是感热通量的模拟值较卫星反演值更接近于实际。上述分析为今后结合卫星遥感改进RAMS陆面过程参数化，使使用于模拟研究干旱区非均匀下垫面地气相互作用提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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卫星遥感结合地面观测估算非均匀地表区域能量通量 总被引：49，自引：1，他引：48
卫星遥感在研究非均匀陆面上地－气间能量和水循环过程时有其独到的作用。文中介绍了一种利用ＬＡＮＤＳＡＴＴＭ资料进行非均匀陆面上区域能量平衡研究的参数化方案。并以夏季和深秋两个景的ＴＭ资料为个例,结合“黑河实验”（ＨＥＩＦＥ）期间的地面观测资料分析了实验区非均匀陆面上地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的区域分布及季节差异,同时将所得的结果与地面观测的“真值”作了比较,所得的这些结果是基本可信的。这种方法仍然处于发展的初始阶段,对此也进行了讨论。 相似文献
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宁夏南部区域蒸发(散)量遥感估算方法 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在利用LANDSAT-7 ETM 卫星遥感资料求取地表特征参数的基础上，将地表分成6类，结合常规气象观测资料，分类别计算，最后综合得出宁夏南部区域蒸发(散)量，并对结果进行分析验证。 相似文献
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利用1992-2001年10a逐日降水、气温、湿度、风速和气压资料，使用气候要素逐步插值方法，修改VIC模式同一栅格中多种覆盖类型蒸发的计算方法，采用遥感等4种地表覆盖类型，考虑植被分布不均匀性，计算各种植被类型对地表水循环的贡献，结果表明：1）均匀落叶阔叶林地表年平均流量误差为-24．82％，均匀农田地表年平均流量误差为21．82％，《中国资源与环境数据库（1：400万）》（REDC）地表年平均流量误差为-14．32％，遥感地表的年平均流量误差最小，为1．43％，与实测吻合。2）采用均匀落叶阔叶林地表类型计算的蒸散，与降水年平均分布一致，与地形无关；均匀农田地表类型计算的蒸散，受地形影响明显；REDC地表类型计算的蒸散空间分布与地表植被类型有较好的对应关系。3）VIC-3L具有描述各类地表类型的能力，能够模拟出同一网格单元中多种植被类型对地表蒸散、径流等的作用，计算得到的蒸散、蒸发、径流等地表水平衡分量和空间分布显示出与均匀地表类型结果明显的不同。4）应用遥感地表覆盖类型，计算的地面蒸散、径流、土壤湿度和积雪升华的空间分布表明，地面蒸散受植被类型的影响是显著的。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种非均匀地表通量的双参量统计-动力参数化方案,并根据该方案,以遥感资料反演的地表温度和土壤湿度为参量,对长江三角洲地区的日区域平均蒸发散通量进行了数值试验。 相似文献
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针对我国西北地区干旱和半干旱的气候特征,以及相对简单的地表覆盖特点,论证了互补相关模型计算西北地区蒸发量的可行性。通过中国科学院山东禹城试验站农田观测资料,分析了植被多样性分布对互补相关模型的影响。得出植被的多样性以及植被物候变化的非同步变化是造成互补相关模型中关键参数——大尺度平流参数季节变化的重要原因。并利用遥感反演参数和气象台站观测数据计算了覆盖类型相对单一的西北地区蒸发。结果表明,蒸发与地表覆盖类型的空间分布一致,与气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测数据呈现空间互补特征,其季节变化与区域降水、温度和植被物候变化相吻合。
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利用MERIS和AATSR资料估算黄土高原塬区蒸散发量研究 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
基于陆面能量平衡原理,通过对搭载在欧洲空间局环境卫星(Environmental Satellite,ENVI-SAT)上中分辨率影像光谱仪(Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer,MERIS)2005年6月7,11和27日的遥感观测资料进行大气纠正等预处理后,得到估算瞬时蒸散发量所需要的地表反照率和植被覆盖度等值,并利用分裂窗法和ENVISAT上搭载的先进的沿轨迹扫描辐射计(Advanced Along-TrackScanning Radiometer,AATSR)的观测资料进行了地表温度的反演,进一步估算出黄土高原塬区午间瞬时净辐射、感热通量和土壤热通量。结合与卫星遥感观测资料同期研究区域气象站的太阳辐射、气温、日照时数和风速等气象要素资料,充分考虑到植被冠层和陆地表面对蒸散发量的不同影响,发展了一个可以估算陆面潜热的简化模型,并将瞬时蒸散发量转化为日蒸散发量。对卫星遥感估算的潜热通量,利用黄土高原塬区陆面过程野外观测试验(Loess Plateau land surface process field Experiments,LOPEXs)的地面通量观测资料进行验证,结果表明:二者最大相对差异为10.9%,最小相对差异为4.8%,并对差异误差产生的原因进行了分析和探讨。 相似文献
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地表蒸散的估算在干旱半干旱区水资源研究中具有重要意义。利用NOAA/AVHRR遥感资料、NCEP再分析格点资料和气象站点资料,根据能量平衡模型和FAO-17 Penman公式,计算了研究区域内逐日蒸散发量;对于晴天,用遥感模型反演出瞬时蒸散,进而推算出日蒸散;同时用FAO-17 Penmen公式和气象资料,计算研究区域内的同一天的蒸散,利用气象资料计算得到的蒸散与遥感估算的蒸散的关系,估算非晴空日的蒸散,进而得到逐日蒸散发结果。与同类研究结果的比较表明:该方法能够估算逐日蒸散发,通过气象与遥感资料结合,提高了气象格点资料的空间分辨率,弥补了难以得到遥感逐日晴空资料的不足,同时也为流域内同类研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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A new method for calculating evaporation is proposed, using the Penman–Monteith (P-M) model with remote sensing. This paper achieved the effective estimation to daily evapotranspiration in the Ziya river catchment by using the P-M model based on MODIS remote sensing leaf area index and respectively estimated plant transpiration and soil evaporation by using coefficient of soil evaporation. This model divided catchment into seven different sub-regions which are prairie, meadow, grass, shrub, broad-leaved forest, cultivated vegetation, and coniferous forest through thoroughly considering the vegetation diversity. Furthermore, optimizing and calibrating parameters based on each sub-region and analyzing spatio-temporal variation rules of the model main parameters which are coefficient of soil evaporation f and maximum stomatal conductance g sx . The results indicate that f and g sx calibrated by model are basically consistent with measured data and have obvious spatio-temporal distribution characteristics. The monthly average evapotranspiration value of simulation is 37.96 mm/mon which is close to the measured value with 33.66 mm/mon and the relative error of simulation results in each subregion are within 11 %, which illustrates that simulated values and measured values fit well and the precision of model is high. In addition, plant transpiration and soil evaporation account for about 84.64 and 15.36 % respectively in total evapotranspiration, which means the difference between values of them is large. What is more, this model can effectively estimate the green water resources in basin and provide effective technological support for water resources estimation. 相似文献
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Regional estimates of evapotranspiration over Northern China using a remote-sensing-based triangle interpolation method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Regional estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) are critical for a wide range of applications. Satellite remote sensing is a promising tool for obtaining reasonable ET spatial distribution data. However, there are at least two major problems that exist in the regional estimation of ET from remote sensing data. One is the conflicting requirements of simple data over a wide region, and accuracy of those data. The second is the lack of regional ET products that cover the entire region of northern China. In this study, we first retrieved the evaporative fraction (EF) by interpolating from the difference of day/night land surface temperature ( T ) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) triangular-shaped scatter space. Then, ET was generated from EF and land surface meteorological data. The estimated eight-day EF and ET results were validated with 14 eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements in the growing season (July-September) for the year2008 over the study area. The estimated values agreed well with flux tower measurements, and this agreement was highly statistically significant for both EF and ET (p <0.01), with the correlation coefficient for EF (R2 =0.64) being relatively higher than for ET (R2 =0.57). Validation with EC-measured ET showed the mean RMSE and bias were 0.78 mm d-1 (22.03 W m-2 ) and 0.31 mm d-1 (8.86 W m-2 ), respectively. The ET over the study area increased along a clear longitudinal gradient, which was probably controlled by the gradient of precipitation, green vegetation fractions, and the intensity of human activities. The satellite-based estimates adequately captured the spatial and seasonal structure of ET. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of this simple but practical method for monitoring ET over regions with heterogeneous surface areas. 相似文献
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Evaporation over a Heterogeneous Land Surface: EVA_GRIPS and the LITFASS-2003 Experiment—An Overview
The Evaporation at Grid/Pixel Scale (EVA_GRIPS) project was realised in order to determine the area-averaged evaporation over a heterogeneous land surface at the scale of a grid box of a regional numerical weather prediction or climate model, and at the scale of a pixel of a satellite image. EVA_GRIPS combined surface-based and airborne measurements, satellite data analysis, and numerical modelling activities. A mesoscale field experiment, LITFASS-2003, was carried out in the heterogeneous landscape around the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (MOL) of the German Meteorological Service in May and June, 2003. The experiment was embedded in the comprehensive, operational measurement program of the MOL. Experimental determination of surface fluxes on a variety of spatial scales was achieved by employing micrometeorological flux stations, scintillometers, a combination of ground-based remote sensing instruments, and the Helipod, a turbulence probe carried by a helicopter. Surface energy fluxes were also derived from satellite data. Modelling work included the use of different Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer schemes, a large-eddy simulation model and three mesoscale atmospheric models. The paper gives an overview on the background of EVA_GRIPS, and on the measurements and meteorological conditions during LITFASS-2003. A few general results are discussed. 相似文献
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石羊河流域1960～2009年参考蒸散量与蒸发皿蒸发量变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以石羊河流域5个气象站点1960～2009年逐日气象资料为基础,从估算模型和统计角度计算分析了该流域参考蒸散量及蒸发皿蒸发量的变化趋势和变化原因。结果表明：过去50 a石羊河流域蒸散发呈增加趋势,个别站点达极显著水平（p＜0．01）,1960～2009年和1970～2009年不同时段的选择对分析结果有一定的影响。估算模型理论分析认为桑斯威特法计算的参考蒸散量变率主要由气温决定,蒸发皿蒸发量和彭曼蒙蒂斯公式计算的参考蒸散量变化则是辐射、气温、风速及空气饱和差共同作用的结果,而相关分析和突变检验的分析结果验证了上述结论,并得出过去50 a石羊河流域蒸发皿蒸发量和彭曼蒙蒂斯公式计算的参考蒸散量变化的主要决定因素是空气饱和差。 相似文献
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Summary Water stored in the soil serves as a reservoir for the evapotranspiration (ET) process on land surfaces, therefore knowledge of the soil moisture content is important for partitioning the incoming solar radiation into latent and sensible heat components. There is no remote sensing technique which directly observes the amount of water in this reservoir, however microwave remote sensing at long wavelengths (>10 cm) can give estimates of the moisture stored in the surface 5-cm layer of the soil. This approach is based on the large dielectric contrast between water and dry soil, resulting in emissivity changes from 0.96 for a dry smooth soil to less than 0.6.In this paper, basic relationships between soil moisture and emissivity are described using both theory and observations from various platforms. The ability of the approach to be extended to large regions has been demonstrated in several aircraft mapping experiments, e.g., FIFE, Monsoon 90, Washita 92 and HAPEX Sahel. Some results from Monsoon 90 are presented here. Applications of these soil moisture maps in runoff prediction, rainfall estimation, determining the direct evaporation from the soil surface and serving as a boundary condition for soil profile models are presented.With 10 Figures 相似文献