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为定量描述地震短临过程中地电前兆异常,设计了一种新的地电前兆指标————地电阻率(月)相对变化速率R(t),并选取国际上公认的1976年唐山7.8级地震前的地电阻率资料,进行R(t)动态演化图象特征的研究．结果表明: ① 震前约10～9个月,震中区一定范围内地电阻率开始出现加速下降异常,且震中区的下降速率大于外围地区的下降速率;② 随着震前倒计时的减小,震中区的R(t)值逐渐增大(地电阻率下降加速);③ R(t)值以震中区为中心,随着震前倒计时的减小,R(t)等值线向外围传播;④ 震中区的R(t)值加速下降到极值［R(t)=7.0］后,转为减速(2～3个月),再加速而发震．同时,R(t)等值线停止由震中向外围传播转为反向收缩(2~3个月后)即发震．其物理过程可用傅承义先生的红肿假说及梅世蓉、牛志仁等的滑动软化与岩体失稳理论来解释． 相似文献
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2016年9月10日河北唐山发生MS 4.2地震,以该震为例,研究河北省地下流体观测井水位震前异常变化特征。结果表明：①震中区域观测井水位异常变化形态一般为缓变型,震中外围观测井水位异常变化形态一般为骤变型;②距离震中越近,观测井水位异常出现越早,异常持续时间越长;③临近地震震中时,观测井水位异常有从震中向外围扩散的趋势;④观测井水位异常最大幅度与井震距关系不大。 相似文献
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"区域-时间-长度算法"在华北地区中强地震地点判定中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于献[1](“区域-时间-长度算法”)的研究成果，利用改进的RTL算法在较大范围内对华北地区35次震例开展RTL空间扫描研究。结果显示，24次震例主震前3个月内在覆盖主震的区域、或在主震周围但与之相距较近的区域(两之间距离小于1。，大多数在0．5。以下)，有明显的RTL异常显示，据此可粗略判定未来可能的主震位置。3次震例在震前4～12个月内震中区有RTL异常，但震前3个月内震中区异常消失，异常迁移至主震震中外围。8次震例震前1年内震中附近区域没有RTL异常显示。从比例来看，3个月内有短期RTL异常的震例占69％，1年内有中短期RTL异常显示的占77％，1年内无异常的占23％。研究结果还显示，少数震例在3个月的短期阶段尽管有覆盖未来主震的、较明显的RTL异常，但同时在研究区域内还存在另外的RTL异常区，这给地点判定带来困难。中最后给出实际工作中应用RTL方法进行地震短期预测的大致计算步骤及粗略的预测指标。 相似文献
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本文探讨了唐山地震前后天津、唐山地区地下水位异常形成的机理、力学过程的解释,以及与震源演化过程的关系,认为:唐山震中区和外围天津地区分别受震源迭加的垂直向上力派生的水平向张应力作用和深部横向水平力拖曳派生的垂直向下牵引力作用,造成地下水位的长期下降。临震时天津地区受震源应力场强化的反馈作用,使深部横向水平力拖曳受阻,引起观测水层产生回压,而震中区则因主破裂前的预滑,引起震源应力场转向,使观测水层的应力状态发生改变,出现地下水位的临震突转回升。又因唐山位于震源体上方,天津紧邻震源体的外围,且观测水层分别为坚硬灰岩和松软土层,具有不同的水文地质力学性质,故地下水位异常发展,显示出不同下降速率的统一孕震力学过程。文末,用唐山震中区地下水位异常资料,讨论了与震源演化过程的关系。 相似文献
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唐山7.8级地震前水氡异常演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据华北地区分布的３３个水化观测点的水氡观测资料,以半年为尺度对唐山７．８级地震前水氡的异常演化过程进行了研究,认为：唐山７．８级地震前水氡异常存在由外围向震中区演化的异常特征,且在唐山地震发生的短临阶段,水氡异常在唐山地区形成集中,异常强度最大。 相似文献
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地电前兆中期向短监过渡的综合判据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过分析唐山、大同、海城等强震的地电前兆，提出判断地震前兆的主要标准：直接或间接反映应变积累的信息为地震前兆。论证唐山地震前２－３年区域电阻率下降是该区震前应变积累的反映，即唐山震前电区域下降是地震中期前兆。地电中期前兆具有震中区幅度较大，外围较小，前兆从震向外围传播等规律。 相似文献
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利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,通过结合区域构造背景分析呼图壁MS6.2地震震中及附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率动态变化特征。结果表明,呼图壁地震前发震构造南部区域地壳速率高于北部区域运动速率,造成发震构造两盘运动速率不同,地壳能量积蓄。呼图壁地震释放了区域积蓄的应变能量,由于区域构造因素,影响范围较小。震前震中附近区域处于压缩环境,易于聚集应变能量;震时震中区出现面膨胀等值线密集高梯度带,是地壳应变能量交换和释放剧烈区域。震中区最大剪应变变化不大,反映呼图壁地震逆冲性质,最大剪应变高值区对地震危险性有预示作用。 相似文献
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利用2013~2017年3期GPS观测资料,获得精河6.6级地震前震中附近区域水平运动速率、主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率,并结合区域构造背景分析该区域变形动态特征。结果表明:震前震中附近区域速度场速率逐渐增大,发震断裂两盘构造运动速率不均,震中附近区域GPS测点的速率和运动方向存在差异,反应了地壳应变能量积累。震中区域主压应变率变化反映出应力调整过程,沿断层走向的张压转换的形变高梯度带、最大剪应变梯度带可为地震预测提供参考。 相似文献
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STUDY ON DISPLACEMENT OF THE PEAKS OF THE HIMALAYA GENERATED BY THE 2015 NEPAL EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the rupture models of the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence and half space homogeneous elastic model, the displacement field near the epicenters is estimated. The horizontal components converge to the epicenters from north and south with maximum value of 871~962mm. The farther the epicenter distance is, the smaller of the horizontal displacement occurred. The displacement on the south side of the epicenters decreases more rapidly than that on the north side as the distance from the epicenter increased. Significant settlement occurred on the north side of the epicenters with maximum of 376~474mm, while large uplift occurred on the epicenters and its south side with maximum value of 626~677mm. Then, the displacement of the peaks of the Himalaya near the epicenters is estimated. The largest displacement occurred at the peak of Shishapangma with 393mm horizontal component and 36mm settlement. Mt. Everest, the world's highest peak, moves 36mm in nearly southward direction with 9mm settlement. The displacements of other peaks of the Himalaya are different with the epicentral distance and azimuth of the 2015 Nepal earthquake sequence. 相似文献
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QU Jun-hao WANG Chang-zai LIU Fang-bin ZHOU Shao-hui ZHENG Jian-chang LI Xin-feng ZHANG Qin 《地震地质》2019,41(1):99-118
Since the earthquake of ML3.8 occurring on October 1, 2013 in Ruishan, Weihai City, Shandong Province, the sequence has lasted for about 4 years(Aug. 31, 2017). Seismicity is enhanced or weakened and fluctuated continuously. More than 13250 aftershocks have been recorded in Shandong Seismic Network. During this period, the significant earthquake events were magnitude 4.2(ML4.7)on January 7, 4.0(ML4.5)on April 4, M3.6(ML 4.1)on September 16 in 2014 and M4.6(ML5.0)on May 22, 2015. The earthquake of ML5.0 was the largest one in the Rushan sequence so far. In order to strengthen the monitoring of aftershocks, 18 temporary stations were set up near the epicenter at the end of April, 2014(official recording began on May 7)by Shandong Earthquake Agency, which constitutes an intensified network in Rushan that surrounds the four quadrants of the small earthquake concentration area together with 12 fixed stations nearby, and provides an effective data foundation for the refinement of Rushan earthquake sequence.
The velocity structure offers important information related to earthquake location and the focal medium, providing an important basis for understanding the background and mechanism of the earthquake. In this paper, double-difference tomography method is used to relocate the seismic events recorded by more than six stations of Rushan array from May 7, 2014 to December 31, 2016, and the inversion on the P-wave velocity structure of the focal area is conducted. The Hyposat positioning method is used to relocate the absolute position. Only the stations with the first wave arrival time less than 0.1 second are involved in the location. A total of 14165 seismic records are obtained, which is much larger than that recorded by Shandong Seismic Network during the same period with 7708 earthquakes and 2048 localizable ones. A total of 1410 earthquakes with ML ≥ 1.0 were selected to participate in the inversion. Precise relocation of 1376 earthquakes is obtained by using double-difference tomography, in which, there are 14318 absolute traveltime P waves and 63162 relative travel time P waves. The epicenters are located in distribution along NWW-SEE toward SEE and tend to WS, forming a seismic belt with the length about 3km and width about 1km. The focal depths are mainly concentrated between 4km and 9km, occurring mainly at the edge of the high velocity body, and gradually dispersing with time. It has obvious temporal and spatial cluster characteristics. Compared with the precise relocation of Shandong network, the accuracy of the positioning of Rushan array is higher. The main reason is that the epicenter of Rushan earthquake swarm is near the seaside, and the fixed stations of Shandong Seismic Network are located on the one side of the epicenter. The nearest three stations(RSH, HAY, WED)from the epicenter are Rushan station with epicentral distance about 13km, the Haiyang station with epicentral distance about 33km, and Wendeng station with epicentral distance about 42km. The epicentral distance of the rest stations are more than 75km. In addition, the magnitude of most earthquakes in Rushan sequence is small. The accuracy of phase identification is relatively limited due to the slightly larger epicentral distance of the station HAY and station WED in Shandong Seismic Network. Furthermore, the one-dimensional velocity model used in network location is simple with only the depth and velocity of Moho surface and Conrad surface. The epicentral distances of the 18 temporary stations in Rushan are less than 10km, and the initial phase is clear. The island station set up on the southeast side and the Haiyangsuo station on the southwest side form a comprehensive package for the epicenter. Compared with the double-difference algorithm method, the double-difference tomography method used in this paper is more accurate for the velocity structure, thus can obtain the optimal relocation result and velocity structure.
the velocity structure shows that there are three distinct regions with different velocities in the vicinity of the focal area. The earthquakes mainly occur in the intersection of the three regions and on the side of the high velocity body. With the increase of depth, P wave velocity increases gradually and there are two distinct velocity changes. The aftershock activities basically occur near the dividing line to the high velocity side. The south side is low velocity abnormal body and the north side is high velocity abnormal body. High velocity body becomes shallower from south to north, which coincides with the tectonic conditions of Rushan. Considering the spatial relationships between the epicenter distribution and the high-low velocity body and different lithology of geological structure, and other factors, it is inferred that the location of the epicenter should be the boundary of two different rock bodies, and there may be a hidden fault in the transition zone between high velocity abnormal body and low velocity abnormal body. The interface position of the high-low velocity body, the concentrating area of the aftershocks, is often the stress concentration zone, the medium is relatively weak, and the intensity is low. There is almost no earthquake in the high velocity abnormal body, and the energy accumulated in the high velocity body is released at the peripheral positions. It can be seen that the existence of the high-low velocity body has a certain control effect on the distribution of the aftershocks. 相似文献
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基于甘青川地区的14个地磁台站秒采样资料,对2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震前地磁垂直强度极化异常的时空变化特征进行分析研究。计算结果显示,在2021年10月底出现了地磁极化超阈值高值异常变化,异常台站主要分布在青海、甘肃和四川地区,异常出现后73天发生了门源地震,震中位于极化高值异常阈值线附近。研究还发现,此次地磁极化异常具有一定的时空变化特征,时间上,不同台站极化异常具有较好的时间同步性;空间上,极化异常高值区呈现出沿震中附近出现后不断扩展最终再向震中收缩的特点。此外,各地磁极化异常台站的归一置零极化值、异常持续时间与震中距存在较好的负相关性,异常台站距离地震震中越近,其归一置零极化值越高,异常持续时间也越长,这一特征符合地震电磁扰动信号的衰减特征。根据极化异常和地震的时空关系分析认为,此次地磁极化高值异常对应了之后在异常高值区边缘发生的门源MS6.9地震。 相似文献
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基于青海及甘肃部分地区2020—2021年2期流动地磁测点的观测资料,获得该地区的岩石圈磁场异常变化,通过研究岩石圈磁场各个分量的变化特征,系统分析2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震前岩石圈磁场的异常变化特征。结果表明：(1)门源地震前,震中区域岩石圈磁场各个分量具有较为明显的异常显示。具体表现为：震中区域附近岩石圈磁场变化的水平矢量具有方向转向及幅值弱化的异常变化现象;垂直矢量方向出现明显的南向、北向对冲的异常现象;磁偏角在震中附近具有“0”变线和高梯级带分布;总强度和垂直分量在震中附近具有“0”变线分布,并发生弯曲。(2)依据压磁效应分析,冷龙岭断裂北部岩石圈磁场增大,应力变化主要以释放为主,应力变化应处于较低水平;冷龙岭断裂南部岩石圈磁场强度减小,应力变化主要以积累为主,应力变化应处于较高水平。门源地震前,冷龙岭断裂构造应力调整引起的压磁效应可能是造成震中区域岩石圈磁场异常变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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Based on fracture mechanics, large amount of practically observed data is analyzed in this paper, and it is disclosed that
seismically-anomalous earthquake resistivity sudden change sequence can be observed at the earth resistivity stations around
the epicenter of a strong event. The maximum sudden change in the sequence tends to shift backward with the increase of epicentral
distance, while it shifts forward with the increase of the magnitude of the earthquake. The maximum sudden change also expands
from the epicenter to the peripheral areas. Therefore, the authors propose that it might be possible to predict the 3 key
elements of a forthcoming earthquake by using the sudden change sequence, the frequency of the sudden change, the expansion
velocity of the maximum sudden change and the time-distance product.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 176–185, 1993. 相似文献
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基于《中国震例》记录的1966年以来的震例, 按异常测项和变化类型分类统计了与地下流体相关的异常数量与震级、 震中距、 持续时间的相关性。 结果显示: 中国大陆M6.5以下地震的地下流体异常数量与震级无相关性, M6.5以上地震异常数量随震级的增大而增多, 二者呈指数关系; 地下流体异常多集中于距震中300 km范围内, 且各测项间无明显区别, 异常数量与震中距之间呈Gamma分布特征; 地下流体异常时空演化主要表现为 “向震中收缩”、 “构造控制”和“相对集中”三种典型特征, 震前异常数量主要表现为“持续增长”型和“先增后减”型两类, 且以“先增后减”型居多。 本文统计得到的地下流体前兆信息特征, 可为今后地震预报实践提供一定参考。 相似文献
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POISSON'S RATIO VARIATIONS OF CRUSTAL MEDIA BEFORE AND AFTER XINYUAN-HEJING MS6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN 2012 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 TANG Ming-shuai WANG Hai-tao WEI Yun-yun LI Yan-yong GE Can WANG Qiong SU Jin-bo WEI Bin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1123-1135
We analyzed the variation characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crustal media from January 2009 to December 2012 at 11 fixed seismic stations(for station SCH, it is from January 2006 to December 2012)within an epicenter distance of 200km of the Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang on June 30, 2012 using the methods of P wave receiver functions, H-κ stacking of receiver functions, and time sliding window, and obtained the following conclusions:
(1)The crustal media's Poisson ratio of five stations in an epicenter distance less than 130km showed a significant and long-lasting decline about 2~3 years before Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake. Taking the crustal Poisson ratio mean value as reference, the decrease ranges between 0.003 and 0.014, the decrease in 4 stations are more than twice the mean error. The variations of the Poisson's ratio in crust are characterized by "V" shape or "double V" shape. Earthquakes occur at the end of the formation of "V" shape. After the occurrence of earthquakes, the Poisson's ratio continues to rise. The earliest initial fall appeared in July 2009 at WUS station which has the minimum epicentral distance(77km). The Poisson ratio of the crustal media of 6 stations with epicentral distance more than 150km fluctuated up and down around the mean value, and there is no significant decline or persistent low value.
(2)We analyzed the arrival-time variations of the quasi-repetitive receiver functions Ps converted wave(tPs)of the 3 stations WUS, SCH and XNY and found that the travel times of Ps converted waves became smaller in the crust before the earthquake and increased after the earthquake.
(3)Through the comprehensive analysis on the descending process, decline ranges, variations process, duration of Poisson' ratio, the Ps converted waves arrival time variations, the original time of earthquake, and the number of stations, it is inferred that the cause for Poisson's ratio anomalous variations is the change of physical properties of crustal media in the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence. Since the variation characteristics of crustal media may be related to the earthquake magnitude, the size of seismogenic area, the medium properties under stations, and the focal distance, whether the medium variation characteristics exist before and after Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake will need more earthquake cases analyses.
(4)The H-κ stacking of receiver functions is used to calculate the velocity ratio. Because P-wave velocity is given, this method can only be applied when the Ps converted wave velocity of Moho surface of receiver functions changes before an earthquake. With the application of receiver functions to the analysis of more earthquake cases, we can gain more insights into the variation of crustal medium parameters during the seismogenic process. This observation indicates that the receiver function method may become a new approach to detect the Poisson's ratio change of the crustal media before strong earthquake under the condition of high seismic network density. 相似文献