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根据我国近几年来的震例资料,不少强烈地震发生之前,往往有震群活动。震群发生的部位,有的在未来地震的震中区及其附近,有的在与主震发震构造呈共轭关系的活动构造带上,也有的在主震发震构造带的延长线上,并与主震震中相隔一定的距离。震群出现的时间多在震前五个月,这种震群我们称之为前兆震群。前兆震群中最大震级M_b、震群持续时间T、震群距主震震中的距离D都与未来主震震级M_主大小无关。结合前兆观测资料分析,似乎可以认为震前5个月是强震短期前兆出现的上限异常时间。在这个时间段,前兆观测曲线或呈现转折,或呈现明显的加速现象,即由中长期缓变阶段开始转为短期加速变化阶段。另外,在强震震中沿活动构造带或沿块体边缘迁移时,迁移时间也有相隔5个月的现象。 相似文献
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通过普洱6．3、宁蒗6．2级和姚安6．5级3个在省内M≥5级地震平静了10余个月,打破5级平静后发生的M≥6级强震前水汞的异常分析,并着重短临异常研究,结果表明这3次地震前水汞均有中期和短、临异常,中、短、临异常台站数为两头少,中间多。中期异常表现为11％。22％的水汞观测台站震前出现2—10个月的中期异常;短期异常表现为震前2—3个月,平均44％的台站观测到短期异常,最大异常幅度与异常判定线比值在1．3—3．2倍之间：强震前都只有1个台站出现临震异常。短期异常有差异,宁蒗6．2级主震前,短期异常在2次前震前出现,普洱6．3、姚安6．5级地震前,水汞短期异常在打破5级平静的地震前出现,水汞短期异常有活跃、平静的现象。最早出现中期异常的台站相对靠近震中。 相似文献
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区域-时间-长度算法在云南地区的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用检测地震活动水平相对变化的区域-时间长度算法（RTL算法），分析研究了云南地区有较完备小震资料的13次6级以七震例。结果表明，该区6级以上地震发生前在源区或近源区大约100km半径的空间尺度内，KTL值能检测到明显的1年以内时间尺度的中短期地震活动异常，它主要是以表征地震活动增强的“上升型”异常为主，占77％。 相似文献
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华北地震活动中短期异常图像研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
系统研究了多种地震活动性方法后认为, 1970年以来华北地区发生的MS≥5.8中强震前, 约83%具有3级或4级地震异常条带、 孕震空区及信号震出现。 震前有信号震的比例占92%, 83%的信号震距主震150 km以内, 距主震发生时间小于1年的占67%。 条带时间形成进程在2年内的约占90%, 震前条带形成后到主震发生83%在5个月内。 空区形成进程在1年半内的占83%, 空区形成后到主震发生91%在50天内, 为有意义的地震活动图像短期异常特征。 文中还探讨了异常条带图像的定量判别指标及其与未来强震的关联。 相似文献
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应用检测地震活动水平相对变化的区域-时间-长度算法（RTL算法），分析研究了青海地区有相对较完备小震资料的14次6级以上震例。结果表明，该区6级以上地震发生前在源区或近源区大约120km半径的空间尺度内，‰值能检测到明显的1年内和2年内时间尺度的中期地震活动异常，地震活动增强的“上升型”异常和地震活动平静的“下降型”异常各占一半。 相似文献
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为提高地震短临预测的能力,经过系统研究多种地震活动性方法后发现,1970年以来,华北地区发生的ML≥6中强震前,具有3或4级地震异常条带和孕震空区及信号震配套出现的约占83%,震前有信号震的比例占92%.83%的信号震距主震150km以内,距主震发生时间小于1年的占75%.条带时间形成进程在2年内的约占90%,震前条带形成后到主震发生在5个月内的占83%;空区形成进程在1年半内占83%,空区形成后到主震发生在50天内的占91%,为有意义的地震活动图像短期异常特征.本文还探讨了异常条带图像的定量判别指标及与未来强震的关联,具有一定的实用价值. 相似文献
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对山西及邻区22次ML≥5.0地震前不同时间尺度的累积benioff应变释放特征进行分析,认为约55%的地震震前存在地震矩加速释放现象;同时对地震矩释放异常空间区与主震间的关系进行分析,结果表明,在震前1年内大部分地震震中附近出现大范围椭圆形的地震矩低值区域,且主震震中位于异常区内部或边缘。由此认为,地震矩加速释放现象在山西及邻区具有一定的普遍性,且为中期地震前兆异常。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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