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由于不同的淤泥其流变特性不同，部分淤泥的本构关系可以用伪塑性模型近似，因此本文提出上层为理想流体，下层为伪塑性体的双层流体模型模拟淤泥床的波浪衰减。文中利用线性化方法求解伪塑性体这种非线性模型的边界值问题，并根据色散方程的数值解讨论了模型参数对波浪衰减的影响。文中最后指出，模拟泥床上波良衰减的其它非线性模型也可以通过本文提出的等效功原理求解。 相似文献
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浅水波浪变形数学模型与淤泥质海岸底摩擦系数的确定 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
波浪是主要的海岸动力因素之一。港口及海岸工程多位于浅水区,工程的规划设计工作需要确定相应的浅水波要素。根据历史天气图推算所得的常是深水处的波要素或波浪观测点是位于不同的水深处,所以需要进行浅水波浪要素的推算。本文选择的浅水波浪变形数学模型考虑了波浪在浅水区传播过程由于水深变化而引起波浪折射和由于底摩擦波能损耗而引起波高衰减。本模型假设波动为线性简谐波。波浪在浅水区传播过程由于底部摩擦,沿程波能逐渐衰减。因此当波浪在浅水中传播距离较长时要考虑底摩擦波能损耗的影响。本文引用连云港-16米和-5米深浅水同步观测的波浪资料,进行了确定淤泥质海岸底摩擦系数的研究工作。对于采用H～T组合进行计算建议取底摩擦系数f=0.01。 相似文献
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此项目采用实验（现场、室内）方法研究海岸（河口）高潮滩盐沼泥沙过程 ,即波浪、潮流、海岸盐生植物、细颗粒悬沙和淤泥质底床的相互作用。（１）高潮滩盐沼盐生植物的野外调查 :海岸盐生植物的属种、高度、大小、密度 ;（２）高潮滩盐沼边界层水流结构的现场实验观测 :ａ．潮流水位、流速、紊动的野外现场观测 ;ｂ．波浪衰减的观测 ;（３）高潮滩盐沼细颗粒悬沙浓度的现场观测 ;（４）高潮滩盐沼地区长期、短期细颗粒泥沙堆积和侵蚀速率的现场观测 ;（５）海岸盐生植物作用下波浪、潮流边界层的室内实验研究 ;（６）海岸盐生植物作用下细… 相似文献
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淤泥质岸滩侵蚀堆积动力机制及剖面模式──以连云港地区淤泥质海岸为例Ⅰ 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以江苏北部连云港地区（北起海州湾湾顶，南至废黄河口）同时存在的侵蚀和堆积两种淤泥质岸滩类型为研究对象，对近岸波浪和潮流的作用特征进行了定量的分析，给出了近岸波浪的分布特征，建立了两种岸滩上波浪的衰减模式，得到了波浪和潮流底切力在不同岸滩上的时空分布规律。由此指出在侵蚀型岸段，波浪是岸滩侵蚀的主要动力因子，潮流主要起运移扩散泥沙的作用；在堆积型岸段，潮流则是岸滩塑造的主要动力，波浪作用退居次要地位。 相似文献
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不同介质底床上的波浪衰减 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用近年来的研究成果比较了良在不同介质底床上传播时的波浪衰减规律,对不同介质底床上的波浪衰减机理进行了总结,推荐了计算波浪衰减的公式和方法,根据实验和计算结果解释淤泥质海岸可能存在的波浪传播现象。 相似文献
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淤泥质岸滩侵蚀堆积动力机制及剖面模式──以连云港地区淤泥质海岸为例Ⅰ.波浪和潮流 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
本文以江苏北部连云港地区(北起海州湾湾顶,南至废黄河口)同时存在的侵蚀和堆积两种淤泥质岸滩类型为研究对象,对近岸波浪和潮流的作用特征进行了定量的分析,给出了近岸波浪的分布特征,建立了两种岸滩上波浪的衰减模式,得到了波浪和潮流底切力在不同岸滩上的时空分布规律.由此指出在侵蚀型岸段,波浪是岸滩侵蚀的主要动力因子,潮流主要起运移扩散泥沙的作用;在堆积型岸段,潮流则是岸滩塑造的主要动力,波浪作用退居次要地位. 相似文献
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分别于１９８６年１２月和１９８５年３月１日－１９８７年３月１日在海州湾进行了波浪和含沙量观测。运用所获资料以及本区长期水文、地形资料，采用流和学、沉积学和泥沙运动力学相结合的研究方法，建立了海州湾淤泥质海滩剖面堆积过程的二维计算模式。结果表明，在堆积型淤泥质海滩，由于浮泥的经常性存在，使波浪急剧衰减，其对岸滩的作用甚为微弱，潮流成为塑造淤泥质海滩的主要动力，岸滩在淤涨过程中，在平均高潮位下沿和平均 相似文献
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连云港西大堤工程后港区自然环境变化概述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对连云港西大堤工程建设前后水文、泥沙和地形等自然环境现场调查资料的比较,对连云港由海峡地形变化成海湾地形以后,港内水域自然环境发生的变化进行综合分析。分析结果不仅为连云港深水港的扩建提供了科学依据,同时亦为淤泥质海岸港口工程大规模人工改造后的自然环境研究提供了实例。 相似文献
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Jian-Jun Long 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):176-189
Seabed sediment microstructure has an influence on its acousto-physical properties, and the properties in a length of the sediment column reflect an aspect of the macroscopic behavior of the microstructure. An original measurement method of the sound attenuation within small distance cross sections in a sediment column, and the corresponding approach in data processing to attain an attenuation factor are detailed in the paper. This method was used to measure the compressional wave in series of points with a small distance in the sediment column, and it is shown that exponential attenuation is a type of compressional wave attenuation model for a sediment column in its full length. It indicates that there are various models of compressional wave attenuation in seabed sediments in the South China Sea after comparison of data from other literature. The method of measuring sound attenuation satisfies the sampling space interval in the acoustical forward and inverse problems in seabed sediments, and the original method provides a new approach for finding out sound attenuation mechanism in seabed sediments on small length scale. 相似文献
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为研究小尺度海底沉积物样品的声衰减特性,作者提出了用声学探针测量海底沉积物声波幅值的新方法,对沉积物样品扰动小,两个测量点的距离可小于波长,为海底沉积物微观声衰减测量提供了新手段。作者用小于波长的间隔逐点测量了沉积物的压缩波幅值,数据分析表明沿沉积物柱状样全长的声衰减满足指数衰减模型。目前主要用同轴差距衰减测量法获得海底沉积物声衰减数据,但该方法不能辨识声衰减模型,因此不同海区的测量结果难以建立联系。对此作者又提出用声吸收系数反演的幅值比与声衰减系数反演的R值(两种幅值比的比值)作评价依据,分析了垂直轴差距衰减测量法获得的南海海底沉积物声衰减测量数据,发现部分沉积物样品声衰减的R值远大于1,其声衰减不满足指数衰减模型。在声衰减满足指数衰减模型的条件下,用Hamilton的声衰减和频率经验公式预报的南海沉积物声衰减比与作者用声学探针测量海底沉积物所得的声衰减比对比,通过对R值分析得出Hamilton的声衰减和频率经验公式可以预报南海沉积物声衰减比的范围。作者提出的声学探针测量海底沉积物声衰减的方法的优点是既能获得声衰减数据又能辨识声衰减模型,不同海区测量的沉积物声衰减比可用R值建立联系。 相似文献
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S. Corvaro A. Mancinelli M. Brocchini E. Seta C. Lorenzoni 《Coastal Engineering》2010,57(11-12):1029-1041
Laboratory experiments were performed to study the wave damping induced by a porous bed. During the propagation of waves over a porous medium the wave characteristics change: a significant wave height attenuation of about 20–30% is observed and, in almost all cases, an increase in wavelength. The wave decay is found to depend on the wave characteristics like the wave height, the wavelength and the wave shape. We have also studied the influence of the geometric properties of the porous bed (i.e. thickness and length) on the wave dissipation. It is found that the attenuation of the wave height increases with the permeable bed thickness and that there is a maximum wave dissipation for a length of the porous seabed equal to 2.0–2.5 times the wavelength. A comparison is also made of our findings with available literature results. A parametric study of the wave damping has been performed by varying the values of the resistance coefficients derived by both literature and experiments. Literature analytical models have been applied by using the resistance coefficients that better describe our flow conditions. All models in use underpredict the observed wave attenuation for any sensible values of the resistance coefficients. 相似文献
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A theoretical model for the decay of progressive interfacial gravity waves propagating above a porous bed is developed assuming potential flow in a two-layer system with a free surface and a sharp interface. A new wave dispersion relation for two-layer flow above a quasi-static porous seabed is derived and investigated. The solutions for the nonlinear wave profile are derived using a perturbation method and the effects of geometric and flow parameters including bed characteristics, depth ratios and the densities of the two fluids are studied and discussed. Comparisons with existing analytical solutions for viscous interfacial wave attenuation over a rigid bed demonstrate the relative importance of the porous bed as a mechanism for wave decay. It is shown that the influence of a porous seabed on wave propagation is significant when the depth of the lower layer, normalised by the wavenumber, is less than π. 相似文献
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在理论分析的基础上利用根、茎、叶均可量化的植物模型,开展波浪水槽实验。通过改变实验水深、入射波高、植物分布密度等因素,研究不规则波在植物群传播时沿程波高衰减特性,利用快速傅里叶变换对不规则波频谱变化情况进行分析。结果表明,各植物模型消波效果较好,但很少出现植物消波的边界效应,不规则波沿植物群的波高变化情况多数时与Mendez理论曲线不一致,植物群各部分的波能衰减情况并无固定的变化规律。此外,波能衰减集中在谱峰频率处,且入射波高越大,透射波与入射波之间的谱峰值差值越大,但透射波的频谱宽度与入射波相比无明显变化。本研究可为采用近岸植物消波护岸提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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介绍了一种液压驱动贯入式海底沉积声学原位测量系统的电路控制单元的研究实现过程,以及该控制单元在南海北部海底沉积声学调查中的应用。该电路控制单元以Cortex-A8处理器为核心,集成大容量FLASH存储器,与单片机接口控制板进行串口通讯,实现对声学发射采集单元和机械液压贯入单元的可视化控制和监测。基于该电路控制单元,海底底质声学原位测量系统兼具自容式和在线式两种工作模式,可自容记录或实时采集声学原位测量单元在海底的工作状态数据、海底沉积物声速和声衰减系数等声学特性数据。该声学原位测量系统的实验室联调及南海海试结果表明,使用该电路控制单元对海底底质声学测量过程的监测与控制是有效的,对精确获取海底底质的原位声学特性有重要作用,可以促进海底底质声学原位测量系统的产品化。 相似文献
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与海床不可渗透的情况相比,波浪在可渗透海床上传播时会发生波能衰减。本文将基于可渗透海床上一维修正型缓坡方程,建立方程求解的有限差分模型。将通过与不可渗透海床上矩形Bragg防波堤对波浪反射系数解析解的对比,验证有限差分模型的正确性和适用性。将进一步研究海床可渗透情况下,海床的渗透性参数、坝体的相对宽度、数量、浸没度对波浪反射系数的影响及其与海床不可渗透情况下的差异。本文研究发现,Bragg共振发生时的反射系数随坝体数量的增多而增大,随海床渗透性参数和坝体浸没度的增大而减小,并且存在一个坝体相对宽度值会使Bragg共振反射达到最大。相较于海床不可渗透的情况,发生Bragg共振反射的波浪频率几乎相同,但反射系数减小,而且零反射（或全透射）现象不再存在。 相似文献
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In this study, the dynamic stresses within the seabed induced by non-linear progressive waves were explored through a series of hydraulic model tests on a movable bed within a wave flume. By comparing Stokes’ 2nd-order wave theory with the theory of wave-induced dynamic stresses within the seabed as proposed by Yamamoto et al. [1978. On the response of a poro-elastic bed to water waves. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 87 (1), 193–206.] and Hsu and Jeng [1994. Wane-induced soil response in an unsaturated anisotropic seabed of finite thickness. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18, 785–807], the experimental results show that the pressure on the seabed surface, the pore water pressure within the seabed as well as the vertical and the horizontal stresses are all smaller than their theoretical values. If we were to obtain the characteristics of seabed soil, the analytical solution of Hsu and Jeng [1994. Wane-induced soil response in an unsaturated anisotropic seabed of finite thickness. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 18, 785–807] might agree to the simulation of the wave-induced effective stresses and shear stress in the sandy seabed. A different phase shift exists among all the three soil stresses. Their influences on the three dynamic stresses within seabed soil are important for seabed stability, and can be used in the verification of numerical models. In the whole, the non-linear progressive waves and the naturally deposited seabed are found to have a strong interaction, and the behavior of the induced dynamic stresses within the seabed is very complicated, and should be investigated integrally. 相似文献
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Trine Bekkby Frithjof E. Moy Tone Kroglund Janne K. Gitmark Mats Walday Eli Rinde 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):379-390
Mapping the seabed along the Norwegian coast is costly and time consuming. Hence, finding a modeling method to separate rocky seabed from other substrate types will provide digital maps that may be used to develop cost-effective sampling designs to predict species and habitat distribution. Our approach was to use geophysical data that were quantitative and objectively defined, generalized additive models (GAMs), and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to develop statistical models and select among them. We found that slope, terrain curvature, wave exposure, and depth predicted rocky seabed occurrence with a high degree of certainty. 相似文献