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1.
通过对闽江和九龙江沿岸沉积物中重矿物的分析,发现重矿物组合与源区岩石具有极好的相关性。两条河流流域重矿物组合为不透明铁矿类—绿帘石—锆石—电气石—角闪石,特征矿物为绿帘石,含量高达原生透明重矿物比重的70%,其成因除与高级变质岩有关外,还与中酸性岩浆岩及其与围岩接触蚀变发生的绿帘石化有关。从重矿物组合、重矿物特征指数以及与锆石年龄谱系的比对分析发现,闽江流域重矿物源自闽西北武夷山前寒武纪的变质岩、闽东广泛出露的燕山期岩浆岩和接触变质岩,而九龙江流域重矿物源自闽西南的印支—燕山期花岗岩。闽江上游沉积物重矿物以源自高级变质岩的重矿物为特征,中下游由上游来源的重矿物和下游酸性岩浆岩及接触变质岩形成的重矿物共同构成;九龙江以印支—燕山期花岗岩中的副矿物组合为特征。研究结果显示,对于中小流域面积的河流,由于搬运距离有限,重矿物组合保存的源岩信息量大,可作为研究流域内构造演化和源汇对比的重要手段。 相似文献
2.
长江水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及其示踪意义 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
长江碎屑矿物组成研究表明,轻矿物以石英、长石和岩屑为主,不同支流轻矿物组成特征不同,成熟度指数平均是2.0,一般干流高于支流,成熟度随沉积物搬运距离增加而增大。QFL及QtFL三角图解显示长江沉积物主要来自再旋回造山带物源区,流域风化剥蚀速度较快,不同支流物质汇入干流,使得干流轻矿物组成复杂多变而难以和支流区别。重矿物含量从长江上游至下游呈递减趋势,其主要组合是磁铁矿-普通角闪石-普通辉石-石榴子石-绿帘石-褐铁矿-钛铁矿。红柱石和磷灰石是金沙江沉积物的特征矿物组合;蓝晶石是岷江流域的特征矿物;涪江的特征矿物是榍石;汉江的特征矿物组合是磷灰石、紫苏辉石和硅镁石;锆石是湘江的特征矿物。不同流域的特征矿物指示其源岩性质。上游的雅砻江、大渡河以及岷江等支流沉积物对中、下游干流沉积物的贡献较弱。涪陵以上长江流域风化作用强烈,母岩主要是沉积岩类(碎屑岩、泥岩);其下流域沉积物中近源弱风化物质明显增加,其源岩类型体现为岩浆岩和变质岩类;而金沙江攀枝花地区及湘江、沅江沉积物则更多来自流域内广泛分布的大片变质岩类。 相似文献
3.
Geology and mineral potential of Ethiopia: a note on geology and mineral map of Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Solomon Tadesse Jean-Pierre Milesi Yves Deschamps 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2003,36(4):273-313
This work presents a geoscientific map and database for geology, mineral and energy resources of Ethiopia in a digital form at a scale of 1:2,000,000, compiled from several sources. The final result of the work has been recorded on CD-ROM in GIS format so that the map and the database could be available to users on a personal computer.Metallic resources (precious, rare, base and ferrous–ferroalloy metals) are widely related to the metamorphic meta-volcano-sedimentary belts and associated intrusives belonging to various terranes of the Arabian–Nubian Shield, accreted during the East and West Gondwana collision (Neoproterozoic, 900–500 Ma).Industrial minerals and rock resources occur in more diversified geological environments, including the Proterozoic basement rocks, the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments and recent (Cenozoic) volcanics and associated sediments.Energy resources (oil, coal, geothermal resources) are restricted to Phanerozoic basin sediments and Cenozoic volcanism and rifting areas. 相似文献
4.
沉积物中重矿物分布受物源区、构造抬升与剥蚀作用、古地貌以及沉积古气候、古环境等多种因素影响,因此沉积重砂矿物的研究可应用于物源区、沉积环境的分析,阐明构造旋回与沉积作用的响应关系。本文通过对塔中地区中1井等6口探井上泥盆统东河砂岩和志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩中重砂矿物分析,提出了塔中东河砂岩重砂矿物主要来自稳定的基底再沉积及花岗岩来源,但受近源的基性火山岩及岩浆期后热液作用影响较大;志留系下砂岩重砂矿物主要来自下覆碳酸盐岩、花岗岩和搬运再沉积物,总体形成于稳定的、多物源的构造-沉积环境,物源方向可能是东南至西北方向。 相似文献
5.
湖屯铅锌矿主要产于中-晚元古代变质岩基底与火山岩接触部位或“天窗”内外,矿体呈脉状、透镜状、似层状,受变质岩层位与后期断裂构造控制,矿床成因类型为海底火山喷发-沉积变质（热液改造）块状硫化物型和构造蚀变岩型硫化物矿床。区内异常范围大,浓度高,成矿条件好。 相似文献
6.
腾冲地热区出露有众多热泉泉群,地热活动频繁,岩石发生强烈蚀变,形成的主要蚀变矿物包括高岭石、绢云母、蒙脱石、I/M间层矿物、石英和蛋白石。主要蚀变矿物的种类和含量受蚀变母岩性质的控制,花岗质砂砾岩和花岗岩形成高岭石,玄武岩形成伊利石和蒙托石,安山岩中发育硅化作用。泥化作用增强的趋势是安山岩→花岗岩→玄武岩→花岗质砂砾岩。由于花岗质砂砾岩在热区内广泛分布,通过蚀变作用形成了有经济价值的高岭土矿床。 相似文献
7.
Kailasa Pandarinath Rajasekhariah Shankar Ignacio S. Torres-Alvarado Anish Kumar Warrier 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2851-2860
Magnetic susceptibility and petrographic studies of drilled rock cuttings from two geothermal wells (Az-26 and Az-49) of the important electricity-generating geothermal system, Los Azufres, Mexico, were carried out to determine the relation between the magnetic susceptibility of rocks, the concentration of magnetic minerals and hydrothermal alteration. For this purpose, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χ lf) was measured and compared its distribution trends with those of magnetic and Fe–Mg silicate minerals, and with the extent of hydrothermal alteration in rocks of the two geothermal wells. The study indicates a decrease in χ lf values with depth in the two geothermal wells corresponding with: (1) an increase in the reservoir temperature and hydrothermal alteration; and (2) a decrease in the concentrations of Fe–Mg silicates and opaque minerals. The data suggest that ferromagnesian minerals and opaque minerals like ilmenite are the main contributors to the χ lf of rocks. The decrease in χ lf, ilmenite, and Fe–Mg mineral contents with an increase in the hydrothermal alteration degree, pyrite and haematite contents suggests the hydrothermal alteration of ilmenite and Fe–Mg minerals (characteristic of high χ lf values) to pyrite, haematite and other opaque minerals (with low χ lf values). The interaction of hydrothermal fluids with rocks results in the hydrothermal alteration of primary minerals. In a geothermal area, an anomaly of low magnetic susceptibility values of rocks in a homogenous litho unit characterized by high magnetic susceptibility may suggest hydrothermal alteration. Magnetic susceptibility can be a useful parameter, during the initial stages of geothermal exploration, in identifying hydrothermally altered rocks and zones of hydrothermal alteration both at the surface and from drilled wells in geothermal systems. 相似文献
8.
南海西部海域的物源研究程度相对较低,尤其对中段的物源有较大的争议。通常认为中部没有大河注入,其物源主要来自其南北的湄公河和红河。笔者通过对该区表层沉积物的系统取样及碎屑矿物分析鉴定认为,碎屑矿物主要分布于南部陆架区和中部陆坡区域。根据因子分析,南海西部碎屑矿物可以明显分为南部、中部、北部三区。南区陆架碎屑矿物主要由重矿物金红石、锐钛矿、白钛矿、锆石、透闪石、十字石及轻矿物石英、长石等组成,原岩应以岩浆岩类为主,包括部分变质岩;中区陆坡以十字石、透闪石、电气石、褐铁矿及黑云母、白云母为主,原岩可能主要为变质岩类;北区陆坡碎屑矿物少,组合特征不明显。各区不仅组合特征明显不同,且各区分界明显,表明其物质来源明显不同,南区物源主要来自红河和加里曼丹岛;中部海域的碎屑矿物组合与中南半岛大量出露的变质岩基本吻合,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而不是来自其南北的湄公河和红河。 相似文献
9.
Production from geothermal reservoirs in volcanic-igneous hydrothermal systems may be disturbed owing to the formation of
authigenic minerals that reduce primary porosity and infill fissure systems. Crystallization may be induced by natural processes
or human activity related to the reservoir exploitation. In volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, zeolites and related authigenic
silicate minerals commonly develop. Two selected study sites—Pauzhetka geothermal field in Russia and Smrekovec volcanic complex
in Slovenia are characterized by extensive development of progressive stage medium- and low-temperature propylitization and
zeolitization with similar mineral assemblages that reduced original reservoir rock porosity and permeability. Retrograde
and overprinting reactions of argillitization commonly enhance porosity and permeability of rocks, but some other reactions,
like from prehnite to laumontite, from laumontite to heulandite, and from laumontite to analcime, encountered in the Smrekovec
volcanic complex reduced it appreciably. Retrograde reactions recognized in the study sites were not induced by the temperature
drop only, but were accompanied by the change in chemical composition of reacting fluids. Chemical composition of interstitial
waters produced from exploitation wells in the Pauzhetka geothermal field indicate that propylitic and zeolite facies alteration
is related to Na–Cl, slightly alkaline waters, while argillitization involved acidic thermal waters with more complex ion
composition. 相似文献
10.
利用偏光显微镜阴极发光技术可观察到其他常规成分结构测试法不易识别或容易忽略的多种矿物的生长结构, 该技术是进行后续成分分析的有效预研究手段, 可为重建矿物形成演化过程提供重要信息.该技术在国际岩石矿物学、油气储层及矿床学领域应用广泛, 但在变质岩研究领域的应用较薄弱.综述该技术在国际超高压变质岩研究领域的应用, 并利用其对大别-苏鲁超高压变质带经典地区的超高压榴辉岩、云母片岩、大理岩进行初步研究, 讨论它在多期微细矿物相快速鉴别、生长环带、微量元素分布规律、双晶纹、出溶结构等内部结构表征方面的应用价值和前景.偏光显微镜阴极发光技术与拉曼光谱、扫描电镜、电子探针等分析技术相结合, 可为我国超高压变质岩的研究开辟和扩展一条新思路. 相似文献
11.
秦岭造山带泥盆系形成构造环境：来自碎屑岩组成和地球化学方面的约束 总被引：4，自引：12，他引：4
秦岭造山带中分布于商丹和勉略缝合带之间的泥盆系,发育有众多Au、Ag和Pb-Zn矿床,长期以来备受关注。对于泥盆系物源和形成环境认识始终存在不同认识。砂岩碎屑组成、碎屑重矿物、地球化学成分、砾岩组成以及古水流研究表明,北秦岭是秦岭泥盆系的主要物源区,盆地基底隆起也是泥盆系重要物源区。砂岩碎屑组成、碎屑重矿物和砾岩组成表明,泥盆系物源区曾出露有岛弧火山岩、花岗岩、变质岩及少量沉积岩、超镁铁岩。砂岩地球化学成分和砂岩碎屑模式研究表明,秦岭造山带中泥盆系主要形成于活动大陆边缘,其碎屑沉积物来自多种构造环境中的岩石单元。 相似文献
12.
相山火山塌陷盆地基底变质岩U的地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文对相山火山塌陷盆地基底变质岩U的丰度及赋存形式进行了研究。基底变质岩中U主要以分散吸附状态的非结构U存在于基质或矿物粒间,少量的U以微粒、超微粒的独立铀矿物形式存在于矿物的裂隙中或粒间。U－Pb同位素的研究表明变质岩中的U在变质作用及后期的其它地质作用中发生了重新分配,并有不同程度的丢失,原始U含量较高。火山岩与变质岩的地球化学特征有许多相似之处。因此,作者认为基底变质岩有可能为成矿提供U源。 相似文献
13.
本文通过某些矿物之间的转化及成分的变化，研究变质反应的状态。将区内麻粒岩相变质作用划分为四个阶段，并依据变质作用演化过程中的温度、压力的变化推定了ＰＴ＿ｔ轨迹。 相似文献
14.
Early studies in the Rum Jungle area suggested an intrusive relationship between the Rum Jungle and Waterhouse “Granites”, and the overlying sediments. It was later shown that the granitic “intrusions” were Archaean basement complexes onto which Lower Proterozoic sediments had been deposited. Polyphase folding was postulated as being responsible for doming of the basement and cover rocks.This paper proposes to show that the domed structures in the Rum Jungle area, and the emplacement of Middle Proterozoic granites in the Pine Creek Geosyncline were related, and caused by diapiric intrusion of granites, in a solid state, into basement complexes and cover rocks.Structural and metamorphic evidence in support of diapiric intrusion in the Rum Jungle area includes: pebble deformation within steeply dipping beds of quartz conglomerate; disappearance of polyphase fold structures away from the basement complexes; bending of folded country-rock strata into concordance with the complex—sediment contact; and metamorphic and metasomatic alteration of sediments in contact with the basement complexes. Gravity data show mass deficiencies in the Archaean complexes which possibly coincide with young granite diapirs. 相似文献
15.
A. R. Geptner T. A. Ivanovskaya E. V. Pokrovskaya S. M. Lyapunov A. T. Savichev A. V. Gorbunov N. V. Gor’kova 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2007,42(5):453-476
Results of the mineral and chemical study of surface-altered hyaloclastites from the Theistareykir and Nämafjall geothermal zones, the North Iceland rift, are considered. The paper scrutinizes the composition of hydrothermally altered rocks mainly consisting of clay minerals related to the transformation of bedrock hyaloclastites. The clay minerals also make up slope talus or proluvial deltas around highlands. The major clay minerals in areas of the present-day fumarole activity are kaolinite and smectite, while the redeposited talus-proluvial sediments are mainly composed of smectites. The studied rocks contain framboids, globules, rods, and other structures with morphology and size similar to those of mineralized bacteria. The local concentration of Ag in proluvial deposits is attributed to the intense bacterial activity. It is supposed that elevated contents of some trace elements could be related to an intense microbiotic influence. 相似文献
16.
Cappadocia Geothermal Province (CGP), central Turkey, consists of nine individual geothermal regions controlled by active regional fault systems. This paper examines the age dating of alteration minerals and the geochemistry (trace elements and isotopes) of the alteration minerals and geothermal waters, to assess the evolution of CGP in relation to regional tectonics. Ar–Ar age data of jarosite and alunite show that the host rocks were exposed to oxidizing conditions near the Earth’s surface at about 5.30 Ma. Based on the δ18O–δD relationhip, water samples had a high altitude meteoric origin. The δ34S values of jarosite and alunite indicate that water samples from the southern part of the study area reached the surface after circulation through volcanic rocks, while northern samples had traveled to the surface after interacting with evaporates at greater depths. REY (rare earth elements and yttrium) diagrams of alteration minerals (especially illite, jarosite and alunite) from rock samples, taken from the same locations as the water samples, display a similar REY pattern to water samples. This suggests that thermal fluids, which reached the surface along a fault zone and caused the mineral alteration in the past, had similar chemical composition to the current geothermal water. The geothermal conceptual model, which defines a volcanically heated reservoir and cap rocks, suggests there are no structural drawbacks to the use of the CGP geothermal system as a resource. However, fluid is insufficient to drive the geothermal system as a result of scanty supply of meteoric water due to evaporation significantly exceeding rainfall. 相似文献
17.
《Geodinamica Acta》2000,13(6):345-366
In the Radicondoli–Travale area of the Larderello geothermal field (Italy) new structural and petrologic data on some metamorphic units, cored from geothermal wells, reveal the existence of a wide complex of hornfels rocks. The development of the complex is related to the emplacement of Neogene magmatic rocks at a shallow depth within a Permo–Triassic terrigenous metasedimentary sequence of a low metamorphic grade. The sequence was subjected to alpine tectonic-metamorphic events. This reconstruction gives new insights in the tectonic setting of metamorphic units below the Tuscan Nappe, in southern Tuscany. Particularly, the medium and high grade metamorphic rocks seem strictly related to the development of Neogene thermal aureoles and do not represent remnants of a Paleozoic basement. Furthermore, in this sector of the Larderello geothermal system, the presence of deep geothermal reservoir at a depth of 3 000 m is mainly linked to the enhanced permeability caused by fracturing in these hornfels rocks. This fracturing is a consequence of the dehydration reaction occurring in the metapelites due to Neogene thermal metamorphism. This mechanism allowed the development of a long-lived hydrothermal system, shown by the secondary mineralogical assemblages. These testify the presence of at least two hydrothermal stages which are well preserved in the less permeable units. 相似文献
18.
Transient mid-Cretaceous thermal uplift induced by lateral heating from passing oceanic lithosphere is often invoked as a mechanism for the formation of the Côte d'Ivoire–Ghana basement ridge in the Equatorial Atlantic. This heating event should have affected mid-Cretaceous sedimentary rocks along the ridge. However, organic maturity and clay mineral data on the thermal evolution of these rocks suggest that burial temperatures did not exceed 80 °C and that palaeo–geothermal gradients are not anomalous. Optical petrography and the stratigraphic pattern of temperature-sensitive parameters indicate that higher palaeotemperature estimates are related to admixtures of preheated, detrital organic and inorganic matter. Erosion brought the sediments to their present shallow burial depths. Lack of evidence for significant thermal alteration implies that either thermal exchange between oceanic and continental lithosphere along the Côte d'Ivoire–Ghana Transform Margin was negligible, or that lateral heating by oceanic lithosphere was not strong enough to affect the sedimentary cover of the basement ridge. 相似文献
19.
H.J. Zwart 《Tectonophysics》1986,129(1-4)
The main outlines of the geology of the Variscan part of the Pyrenees are discussed. Rocks involved in this cycle are high-grade basement gneisses, Palaeozoic sediments and their metamorphic equivalents, late intrusive granodiorites and early, pre-Variscan granites. The main features of the stratigraphy of the Palaeozoic are given.Structures fall into two domains: a low-grade suprastructure, essentially with steep folds and cleavages, and a high-grade infrastructure with dominantly low-dipping foliations. An important phase of early, pre-cleavage folding occurs in low-grade rocks mainly along the southern border of the Axial zone. In high-grade rocks most structures and the metamorphism postdate the main cleavage phase in low-grade rocks. The influence of the Alpine orogeny on the Variscan structures consists mainly of faults, steep, reverse faults in the northern, and south-directed thrusts in the southern part of the Pyrenees. Metamorphism took place under high geothermal gradients and low pressures, as indicated by the abundant occurrence of andalusite and cordierite 相似文献