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1.
利用卫星测高、GRACE和GOCE资料估计全球海洋表面地转流 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重力恢复和气候试验GRACE(gravity recovery and climate experiment)卫星极大地提高了地球重力场的精度和分辨率,特别是中长波分量,联合卫星测高数据可获得全球海洋表面大尺度洋流循环。另外,新一代地球重力和海洋环流探测卫星GOCE(gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer)于2009年3月成功发射,采用卫星重力梯度测量原理,对重力场的高频部分非常敏感,使其高分辨率监测全球海洋循环成为可能。本文利用1~7年GRACE观测数据确定的重力场模型和18个月GOCE观测数据确定的地球重力场模型GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3,联合卫星测高确定的平均海面高模型MSS_CNES_CLS_11,分别估计全球海洋表面地转流,并且与实测浮标数据结果进行比较。分析表明GOCE重力卫星确定的重力场模型具有更高的空间分辨率,能够确定高精度和高空间分辨率的全球海洋地转流,如墨西哥湾暖流的细节和特征,并且与实测浮标结果基本一致。而基于1~4年GRACE观测资料的模型不能很好估计全球地转流特征,基于7年GRACE观测资料的重力场模型ITG-Grace2010s确定的全球地转流的精度仍低于18个月GOCE观测数据确定的地球重力场模型GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3的结果,估计的全球地转流仍含有较大的噪声,不能很好地反应中小尺度地转流细节特征。并计算ITG_Grace2010s和GOCE_TIM3的稳态海面地形和全球平均地转流的内符合精度,结果显示,在全球范围内,GOCE_TIM3的稳态海面地形和全球平均地转流的精度都比ITG_Grace2010s结果的精度有着很大的改善,其中ITG_Grace2010s的稳态海面地形的精度为21.6cm,而GOCE_TIM3的结果则为7.45cm,ITG_Grace2010s的全球平均地转流的精度为40.7cm/s,而GOCE_TIM3的结果则为19.6cm/s。 相似文献
2.
稳态海面地形(MDT)是大地测量学家和海洋学家共同关心的一个重要物理量。该文基于WHU2009全球平均海面高模型和GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R3纯GOCE重力场模型,采用几何法经高斯滤波处理后确定了全球稳态海面地形,与CLS09及DTU10M DTs相比,其差值均方根RMS均小于8 cm,表明该文结果具有较高的精度;根据地转流方程计算了相应的表层地转流,与GRACE重力场模型GGM03S结果相比,GOCE重力场模型所确定的表层地转流在墨西哥湾流、黑潮及厄加勒斯海流等海域均体现了更强的流速和更多的细部特征,验证了GOCE在洋流探测中的优势。 相似文献
3.
Sean L. Bruinsma Christoph Förste Sandrine Mulet Marie-Hélène Rio Oleg Abrikosov Jean-Charles Marty 《Marine Geodesy》2016,39(3-4):238-255
The impact of GOCE Satellite Gravity Gradiometer data on gravity field models was tested. All models were constructed with the same Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, which were combined with one or two of the diagonal gravity gradient components for the entire GOCE mission (November 2009 to October 2013). The Stokes coefficients were estimated by solving large normal equation (NE) systems (i.e., the direct numerical approach). The models were evaluated through comparisons with the European Space Agency's (ESA) gravity field model DIR-R5, by GPS/Leveling, GOCE orbit determination, and geostrophic current evaluations. Among the single gradient models, only the model constructed with the vertical ZZ gradients gave good results that were in agreement with the formal errors. The model based only on XX gradients is the least accurate. The orbit results for all models are very close and confirm this finding. All models constructed with two diagonal gradient components are more accurate than the ZZ-only model due to doubling the amount of data and having two complementary observation directions. This translates also to a slower increase of model errors with spatial resolution. The different evaluation methods cannot unambiguously identify the most accurate two-component model. They do not always agree, emphasizing the importance of evaluating models using many different methods. The XZ gravity gradient gives a small positive contribution to model accuracy. 相似文献
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吕宋海峡纬向海流及质量输送 总被引：30，自引：6，他引：24
分析和计算了吕宋海峡PR21断面最近海洋调查的部分CTD资料和ADCP资料,再一次证明吕宋海峡常年存在纬向流。但对于天气尺度而言,该流型是多变的。根据高分辨率的海洋环流数值模式4a(1992～1996年)海平面高度(SSH)的输出值,运用地转关系估计了吕宋海峡纬向流的月平均值。研究表明;通过海峡流入、流出南海纬向流的深度一般达到500m左右,200m以上流速较大,平均流速为50cm/s,最大时达80cm/s以上。500m以下的纬向地转流流速较小,通常小于10cm/s.由大洋进入海峡的入流位置位于海峡的中部和南部,月平均入流最大值出现在11月,为50cm/s.位于海峡的北部和南部上层海洋的月平均出流,最大流速亦出现在11月,也为50cm/s,这与秋季北赤道流分叉位置最北(15°N),春季分叉位置最南(14°N)有关。上层流入、流出海峡的流量的月平均值分别约为10×106m3/s和5×106m3/s.当东北季风盛行时(从10月到翌年2月),流入海峡的流量远大于流出海峡的流量,两者的差可达8×106m3/s,而在其他季节两者的差仅为3×106m3/s.这说明东北季风盛行时,会有较多的水从南海南？ 相似文献
6.
Prants S. V. Kulik V. V. Budyansky M. V. Uleysky M. Yu. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2020,56(12):1638-1644
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - AVISO satellite data on the speeds of geostrophic currents from 2004 to 2018 are used to associate a substantial reduction in the saury catch in recent... 相似文献
7.
An extended variable-grid global ocean circulation model and its preliminary results of the equatorial Pacific circulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1IntroductionThetropicalPacificOceanplaysanimpor-tantroleintheclimatevariabilitiessuchasElNi-no-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)phenomenon(Chao,1993).ManystudieshavefoundthatthetropicalPacificvariabilitiescanhavesignifi-cantinfluenceontheoceancirculationintheseasadjacenttoChina(Yu,1985;Chaoetal.,1996;Wangetal.,2002).TheseaareaadjacenttoChinaischaracterizedbyitscomplextopog-raphyandnumerousnarrowstraits,andthusre-quiresafinegridtoresolve.Tostudytheinter-actionbetweenthetropicalPacificandChinas… 相似文献
8.
Guoqi Han 《Marine Geodesy》2004,27(3):577-595
Sea level observations from the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 altimetry missions (2002-2003) are used to study characteristics of sea level and surface currents over the Scotian Shelf and Slope off Nova Scotia. The consistency and error characteristics of T/P and Jason-1 measurements are examined not only in terms of sea level and cross-track current anomalies but also with respect to current anomalies at crossovers, kinematic properties associated with Gulf Stream warm core rings (WCR), and the shelf-edge current transport. Nominal absolute currents are constructed by adding the altimetric geostrophic current anomalies to an annual-mean model circulation field. The concurrent frontal analysis data are analyzed for occurrence of the WCRs and associated kinematic properties are derived from altimetric current anomalies. The comparison of the sea level and cross-track current anomalies from January to July 2002 shows overall good agreement between T/P and Jason, with correlation coefficients different from zero at the 5% significance level at essentially all locations for sea level and at most locations for currents. The cross-track geostrophic current anomalies from January to July 2002 and from September 2002 to December 2003 are further used to calculate the root-mean-square (rms) current magnitude, and the normalized relative vorticity associated with WCRs. The altimetric currents are consistent with each other and complementary to frontal analysis data in deriving the properties of the WCRs. The rms current magnitude is ∼55 cm/s and the normalized relative vorticity is ∼0.15. The model-altimetry combined absolute currents are used to estimate near-surface transport associated with the shelf-edge current, showing good correlation between T/P and Jason estimates and strong seasonal changes. The current anomalies derived from altimetry and moored measurements are significantly (at the 5% significance level) correlated and comparable in the rms magnitude. 相似文献
9.
On the basis of the results of processing of the archival hydrological data, we analyze the seasonal behavior of geostrophic
circulation in the Black Sea and its long-term variations. It is shown that the variations of currents on the decadal time
scales with different manifestations in different seasons lead to changes in the characteristics of the seasonal course of
geostrophic circulation in the second half of the last century. The intensification of winter circulation and weakening of
summer circulation observed since the mid-1970s result in the increase in the amplitude of the annual course of current velocity
on the sea surface. We also discuss possible causes of variations in the intensities of geostrophic currents in the Black
Sea. 相似文献
10.
大气和海洋是影响地球气候系统的两个重要因素，它们之间的相互作用是海洋和大气研究的重要课题，海气耦合模式则是研究海气相互作用的重要工具，而海气耦合模式重点考虑的参数是海气通量。针对传统的大尺度海气耦合模式缺少湍流尺度分析的问题，本文使用并行大涡模拟海气耦合模式（The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model，PALM），在小尺度上探究风速对海气通量及湍流动能收支（Turbulence Kinetic Energy Budget，TKE Budget）的影响，设置了5、10和15m/s三种地转风速度对大气边界层（Atmospheric Boundary Layer，ABL）和海洋混合层（Oceanic Mixed Layer，OML）进行海气耦合模拟。研究表明：海气通量的分布与风速大小密切相关，风速越大，净热通量和浮力通量相对越大，由于温度上升导致海水蒸发加剧，使得大气的淡水通量增大；海洋湍流动能收支各项在近海面处受风速影响较大，且随着深度加深而逐渐减弱。本研究初步展示了小尺度海气耦合模式在海气通量研究中的应用，对进行小尺度海气相互作用研究具有一定的意义。 相似文献
11.
风不仅驱动了上层海洋的环流,也是深层海洋运动的主要能量来源。本文主要研究了北太平洋北部的风能输入的季节性分布特征和年际变化趋势,包括风向表面波、表层地转流和表层非地转流的能量输入。基于SODA3数据的结果表明,风能输入门户随季节变化显著,其中黑潮延伸区是冬季门户,副极地流涡是春、秋季门户,大洋东边界则是夏季门户,能量输入强度逐次递减。21世纪以来,秋冬风能输入明显减弱,春季增加,夏季无显著变化。就变化趋势的空间分布而言,向表面波的能量输入由风场主导,而向表层地转流和非地转流的能量输入则由流场主导。这些机械能输入结果对进一步认识该海域的动力机制有重要意义。 相似文献
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The effect of seawater movement through the Kerch Strait for extreme deviations in the level and speed of currents in the Sea of Azov caused by the action of climate wind fields has been studied using the Princeton ocean model (POM), a general three-dimensional nonlinear model of ocean circulation. Formation of the water flow through the strait is caused by the long-term action of the same type of atmospheric processes. The features of the water dynamics under conditions of changing intensity and active wind direction have been studied. Numerical experiments were carried out for two versions of model Sea of Azov basins: closed (without the Kerch Strait) and with a fluid boundary located in the Black Sea. The simulation results have shown that allowance for the strait leads to a significant change in the velocities of steady currents and level deviations at wind speeds greater than 5 m/s. The most significant effect on the parameters of steady-state movements is exerted by the speed of the wind that generates them; allowance for water exchange through the strait is less important. Analysis of the directions of atmospheric circulation has revealed that the response generated by the movement of water through the strait is most pronounced when a southeast wind is acting. 相似文献
14.
针对海洋实测流速资料极其匮乏的事实, 利用2004 年1 月~2009 年12 月月平均的Argo 温盐格点资料, 结合改进的P-vector 方法重构北太平洋绝对地转流流场。与卫星高度计和实测流速的比较以及相关性分析表明, 重构的绝对地转流是可信的, 可以用来研究不同大尺度环流特征及其动力结构。可以为研究海洋动力过程和气候变化提供一套有用的流场数据。 相似文献
15.
本文利用三维数值模型(ROMS-Co Si NE)分析了整个加利福尼亚流系水平流场的季节性演变过程,研究了美国加州中部海域流场垂直结构的季节性变化特征,并探讨了其动力学机制。研究发现:(1)数值模型能够较为准确的模拟流场的季节性变化,与浮标观测数据以及前人的研究结果符合良好;(2)从表层到200m,加利福尼亚潜流向高纬度扩张,近岸上升流急流则向高纬度撤退,加州南部海域的中尺度涡更显著;(3)在加州中部海域,近岸急流的最大值(约15cm/s)发生在夏季,位于近岸的表层海域;加利福尼亚潜流最大值(约4cm/s)发生于冬季,出现在离岸100km的125m处;加利福尼亚流在春季达到全年最大值(约5cm/s),流轴位于离岸(400—600km)的表层海水。加利福尼亚流系的流场具有显著的季节性变化,研究进一步表明这主要受地转关系调控。 相似文献
16.
R. K. Reed 《Journal of Oceanography》1970,26(6):331-339
After examination of the baroclinic structure below 3000 db, recent data were used to map the geopotential topography at 1000,
1500, and 2000 db (referred to 3000 db) in the Pacific Ocean. In the high-latitude regions and in the western boundary currents,
considerable relief is present at 1000 and 1500 db, and the Circumpolar Current is still well-developed at 2000 db. The geostrophic
circulation inferred is very similar to the surface circulation in these areas. Neglect of the structure below 1000 db results
in appreciable errors in estimates of the transport of these currents; direction of near-surface flow is properly shown, however,
and computed speeds are not greatly in error. In the equatorial Pacific and central North Pacific, little relief is present,
and the trends are generally unlike the surface flow. 相似文献
17.
我们发展了一种用19．35GHz星载微波辐射计(SSM／I)亮温反演海面风速的模式，并利用同步的卫星亮温和海面浮标数据反演出海面风速，并且和浮标风速进行比较。为了说明反演算法的可用性，我们分别与目前国际上的通用反演算法的反演结果进行了比较。文章提供了一种新的、用单一波段亮温反演海面风速的方法。 相似文献
18.
Using a parallel-track approach to estimate geostrophic surface velocities, an estimate of the statistics of ocean geostrophic surface currents and momentum stresses is provided on a 10 km along-track resolution from the first 49 repeat cycles (16 months) of the Jason-TOPEX/Poseidon tandem altimetric sea surface height (SSH) data. Results are compared with estimates obtained in a traditional way from along-track SSH data at crossover points and with in situ, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements obtained on board the VOS Oleander along a nominal path connecting Bermuda with the U.S. mainland. Agreements with the Oleander data are reasonable when simultaneous (in space and time) sampling is available. However, amplitudes of parallel-track geostrophic velocity variances are about 25% lower as compared to Oleander measurements which represent geostrophic and ageostrophic flow components. Estimates of velocity variances show clear signs of an anisotropic eddy field in the vicinity of all major current systems. At the same time estimates of Reynolds stresses and eddy momentum fluxes show a convergence of eddy momentum in all those regions, suggesting a forcing of the mean flow by the eddy field there. 相似文献
19.
根据Huang和Qiu 1995年的潜沉率计算公式,采用同化的海洋模式资料和海洋-大气界面的通量观测资料,计算了北太平洋副热带海域3个模态水形成区逐年的潜沉率,研究了潜沉率产生年际变化的机制.研究结果表明:西部、中部和东部3个模态水形成区潜沉率的年际变化主要周期分别为6,2~5和2 a;北太平洋副热带模态水的3个形成区的潜沉率都发现年代际的变化特征:在1985年以前,西部模态水形成区的潜沉率年际变化最为显著,但1985后年际变化振幅明显减小;在中部模态水形成区,1975~1992年间潜沉率随时间的变化的振幅较大,潜沉率在这段时间内的平均值也达到33.99 m/a,而在1970~1975年间和1993~1998年间潜沉率都小于20 m/a;西部副热带模态水形成区的潜沉率的年际变化与这里海面的净热通量的年际变化有很好的相关性,中部副热带模态水形成区潜沉率的年际变化则取决于局地Ekman流的年际变化,而在东部模态水形成区局地风应力旋度的变化直接影响潜沉率的大小. 相似文献
20.
A method to reduce the spin-up time of ocean models 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The spin-up timescale in large-scale ocean models, i.e., the time it takes to reach an equilibrium state, is determined by the slow processes in the deep ocean and is usually in the order of a few thousand years. As these equilibrium states are taken as initial states for many calculations, much computer time is spent in the spin-up phase of ocean model computations. In this note, we propose a new approach which can lead to a very large reduction in spin-up time for quite a broad class of existing ocean models. Our approach is based on so-called Jacobian–Free Newton–Krylov methods which combine Newton’s method for solving non-linear systems with Krylov subspace methods for solving large systems of linear equations. As there is no need to construct the Jacobian matrices explicitly the method can in principle be applied to existing explicit time-stepping codes. To illustrate the method we apply it to a 3D planetary geostrophic ocean model with prognostic equations only for temperature and salinity. We compare the new method to the ‘ordinary’ spin-up run for several model resolutions and find a considerable reduction of spin-up time. 相似文献