共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 20 毫秒
1.
针对野外现场分析的要求,选择微珠比色技术用于江河天然水样和化探样品中铁的分析。以向红菲啰啉为显色剂,硫代硫酸钠掩蔽铜的干扰,方法摩尔吸光系数为1×105L.mol-1.cm-1,精密度(RSD,n=10)为2.5%,适用于0.001μg/g以上的铁的测定。方法用于江河天然水样和化探样品中铁的测定,结果与分光光度法相符。方法在拟定的过程中注意了降低环境污染、降低成本和提高方法的可操作性。建立的方法干扰少,选择性好,对实验环境条件要求不高,满足野外现场分析应用。对于天然水可直接测定;但一般的化探样品由于铁含量较高,需要稀释后再测定。 相似文献
2.
Influence of Marble’s Texture on its Mechanical Behavior 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This research work studied the influence of texture on the mechanical properties of crystalline rocks at the scale of the laboratory sample. The experiments were performed on a marble varying in texture, so that the study was conducted on homogeneous (entirely xenoblastic or totally granoblastic) and heterogeneous (mix of the two textures) specimens. The mechanical behavior of the homogeneous and heterogeneous samples was investigated with static and dynamic, destructive and nondestructive tests, in natural conditions, at the laboratory temperature, and at higher temperatures. The specimens were heated to 100, 200, and 300 °C, in order to examine the effect of heating temperature on the elastic modulus and P-waves velocity. As a result, the pure granoblastic marble exhibits values of the elastic modulus, P-waves velocity, and strengths, both in natural conditions and on heated specimens, lower than xenoblastic samples. Such different behavior can be explained by a higher grain boundaries porosity of the granoblastic marble. On heterogeneous samples, only the Rock Impact Hardness Number (RIHN) appears able to highlight the dependence of the mechanical properties on the rock texture. In particular, the impact strength improves with increasing the percentage of xenoblastic texture inside the specimen. 相似文献
3.
Ashok K. Chugh 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2007,31(4):607-648
A forced vibration procedure is presented to estimate fundamental and higher frequencies of vibrations and associated mode shapes of gravity structures. The gravity structures considered are retaining walls and gravity dams. The validity of the proposed procedure is tested on three test problems of varying complexity for which the natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes either have known analytical solutions or have been determined via numerical means/field tests by others. Also included are the results of natural vibration frequencies and associated mode shapes for a spillway control structure located near the abutment end of an embankment dam obtained using the proposed procedure. For all problems considered, fundamental frequency and mode shape results using the proposed procedure are compared with the results obtained using an alternative procedure in which static deflections due to the structure's own weight are used as the starting point for free vibrations by setting the gravity vector to zero. All results compare well. The merits of the proposed procedure are discussed. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
根据《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的要求,为保证地下水污染调查中样品的准确测定,需采取质量控制方法。文章阐述了地下水样品的前处理和测定过程的质量控制措施,建立了地下水有机组分分析过程的质量控制流程,确保其检测数据达到规范所允许的范围。 相似文献
5.
岩石静态产酸评价对于矿山酸性水防治具有重要的指导意义, 但传统的岩石静态产酸评价方法无法准确地评价复杂岩石样品.通过对山西省西山煤田石炭二叠纪含煤岩系12个岩石样品产酸潜力的评价找出了影响复杂岩石样品产酸潜力评价准确性的关键指标, 并建立了适合复杂岩石样品的评价方法.研究结果表明, 净产酸潜力(NAPP)、酸中和潜力(ANC)与最大产酸潜力(MPA)的比值是产酸潜力评价的关键指标, 根据这2个指标建立的产酸评价分区方法能够准确评价NAPP绝对值较小(＜50 kg·t-1)的复杂岩石样品的产酸潜力; 复杂岩石样品的矿物学信息能够反映样品长期的产酸潜力, 通过分析碳酸盐矿物总含量与黄铁矿含量的比值能够提高复杂岩石样品的产酸潜力评价精度; 样品糊状物的pH值(Paste pH)只能反映岩石样品中已储存酸碱度信息, 可作为岩石产酸潜力评价的参考指标.结合西山煤田典型矿井水水质特征, 进一步验证了岩石产酸潜力综合评价的准确性. 相似文献
6.
A tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation prediction scheme has been developed based on the physical quantities of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data as potential predictors and using fuzzy neural network (FNN) model. TC precipitation samples from 172 tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Guangxi, China, spanning 1980–2015 are used for model development. The FNN model input is constructed from potential predictors by employing both a stepwise regression method (SRM) and a locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm. The LLE algorithm is capable of finding meaningful low-dimensional architectures hidden in their nonlinear high-dimensional data space and separating the underlying factors. In this scheme, the newly developed model, which is termed the FNN–LLE model, is used for daily TC precipitation prediction from 20:00 (Beijing Time, or BT) of the previous day to 20:00 BT of the current day at 89 stations covering Guangxi, China. Using identical modeling samples and independent samples, predictions of the FNN–LLE model are compared with the widely used SRM and interpolation method using the fine-mesh data of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in terms of the performance of TC rainfall prediction at 89 stations in Guangxi. The root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias, and equitable threat score (ETS) results were employed to assess the predicted outcomes. Results show that the FNN–LLE model is superior to the interpolation method by ECMWF and SRM for TC precipitation prediction with RMSE values of 21.94, 24.07, and 25.22 in FNN–LLE model, interpolation method by ECMWF and SRM, respectively. Moreover, FNN–LLE model having average bias and ETS values close to 1.0 gave better predictions than did the interpolation method by ECMWF and SRM. 相似文献
7.
George A. Desborough Heather A. Lowers Jane M. Hammarstrom Reinhard W. Leinz 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(3):1041-108
This paper presents a detailed study of the mineralogical, microscopic, thermal, and spectral characteristics of jarosite and natrojarosite minerals. Systematic mineralogic and chemical examination of a suite of 32 natural stoichiometric jarosite and natrojarosite samples from diverse supergene and hydrothermal environments indicates that there is only limited solid solution between Na and K at low temperatures, which suggests the presence of a solvus in the jarosite-natrojarosite system at temperatures below about 140 °C. The samples examined in this study consist of either end members or coexisting end-member pairs of jarosite and natrojarosite. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis data for several natural hydrothermal samples show only end-member compositions for individual grains or zones, and no detectable alkali-site deficiencies, which indicates that there is no hydronium substitution within the analytical uncertainty of the method. In addition, there is no evidence of Fe deficiencies in the natural hydrothermal samples. Hydronium-bearing jarosite was detected in only one relatively young supergene sample suggesting that terrestrial hydronium-bearing jarosites generally are unstable over geologic timescales.Unit-cell parameters of the 20 natural stoichiometric jarosites and 12 natural stoichiometric natrojarosites examined in this study have distinct and narrow ranges in the a- and c-cell dimensions. There is no overlap of these parameters at the 1σ level for the two end-member compositions. Several hydrothermal samples consist of fine-scale (2-10 μm) intimate intergrowths of jarosite and natrojarosite, which could have resulted from solid-state diffusion segregation or growth zoning due to variations in the Na/K activity ratio of hydrothermal solutions. 相似文献
8.
Utilization of laboratory tests for calibration and interpretation of data from seismic surveys requires knowledge about elastic dispersion in the range from seismic to ultrasonic frequencies. Data on such dispersion are hard to obtain because it requires specially designed equipment and also relies on simplifying assumptions about rock symmetry. A new method for estimation of dispersion in this frequency range is presented here. This method requires only standard rock mechanical equipment with ultrasonic velocity measurements, and is based on comparison of static and dynamic data. A key element in this method is a procedure for elimination of strain amplitude as a source for differences between static and dynamic moduli. High-quality data is necessary, but the required accuracy is not extreme. Application of the method on one partly saturated shale and two dry sandstone samples indicates that dispersion increases with clay content, and decreases with stress. 相似文献
9.
M. Baudrand G. Aloisi C. Lécuyer F. Martineau F. Fourel G. Escarguel M.-M. Blanc-Valleron J.-M. Rouchy V. Grossi 《Applied Geochemistry》2012
A semi-automatic, on-line method was developed to determine the δ13C and δ18O values of coexisting calcite and dolomite. An isotopic mass balance is used to calculate the compositions of dolomite after having measured that of calcite and of the “bulk” sample. The limit of validity of this method is established by performing isotopic measurements of artificial mixtures made of precisely weighted and isotopically-characterised dolomite and calcite. The accuracy and repeatability of the calculation of dolomite δ13C and δ18O are statistically determined with a Monte-Carlo procedure of error propagation. Stable isotope ratios are determined by using an automated MultiPrep™ system on-line with an isotope-ratio mass-spectrometer (IRMS). The reaction time and the temperature of reaction were optimised by comparing the results with the isotopic composition of known mixtures. The best results were obtained by phosphoric acid digestion after 20 min at 40 °C for calcite and 45 min at 90 °C for dolomite. This procedure allows an accurate determination of the isotopic ratios from small samples (300 μg). Application of this protocol to natural mixtures of calcite and dolomite requires the accurate determination of the relative abundance of calcite and dolomite by combining Mélières manocalcimetry (MMC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). 相似文献
10.
黄土在应力作用下迂水时力学强度迅速下降 ,产生大范围的快速沉陷。这就是黄土的湿陷性 ,是黄土的诸多特性之一。鉴于对黄土湿陷性以往用各种实验室试验指标进行评价 ,这里提出运用动力触探和静载荷试验进行黄土湿陷性原位评价的一种简便的新方法。该方法的试验程序是 ,先用轻便可变动能触探仪在天然状态和饱水状态下进行触探试验 ,而后在触探孔完成静载荷压缩性试验。运用中国黄土高原黄土原位动力触探和静载荷试验测得的资料 ,详细分析了天然状态的黄土对探头阻力 qdnat,饱水状态的黄土对探头阻力 qdsat,实验室测得的湿陷性指数s压缩曲线参数 (即触探极限压力 ppf,触探蠕变压力ppl 和触探载荷模量Epn)的关系。结果证明所提出的方法适用于原位判定黄土的湿陷性。 相似文献
11.
一种用于化探金异常检查的痕量金的现场分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者通过对实际样品的溶解试验,提出用7%硫脲—15～20%硫酸—1%过氧化氢及2克氟化物于室温下溶解样品中的金,经活性炭负载的泡沫塑料富集后灰化,用盐酸—过氧化氢溶解灰份中的金,使用改进的微珠析出法比色,取10g样品,可测定0.001—10g/t范围内的金。方法较为简便和灵敏,可在普查分队驻地进行,每一工作日约可测定50个样品,由于避免了使用王水分解样品的刺激味,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
12.
Determination of Trace Elements in the Quartz Reference Material UNS-SpS and in Natural Quartz Samples by ICP-MS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas Monecke Gisela Bombach Werner Klemm Ulf Kempe Jens Götze Dieter Wolf 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2000,24(1):73-81
A procedure for the digestion and analysis of quartz samples was developed to measure trace element concentrations in natural quartz. The certified glass sand reference material UNS-SpS was chosen to assess the precision, accuracy and detection limit of the analytical method. Quartz was digested with HF/HNO3 in a closed glassy carbon vessel and analysed by means of quadrupole ICP-MS with external calibration. Analyte concentrations of the sand UNS-SpS were compared with certified and other values from the literature. The abundances of a number of elements (Pr, Gd, Ho and Er) in the reference material are reported here for the first time. The procedure was then applied to three quartz samples from different geological settings to show that trace element data by ICP-MS can distinguish the origin of the sample. 相似文献
13.
Richard E. Terry Sheldon D. Nelson Jared Carr Jacob Parnell Perry J. Hardin Mark W. Jackson Stephen D. Houston 《Geoarchaeology》2000,15(2):151-166
Currently there is a wide interest in the use of chemical analyses for the evaluation of anthropogenically altered soils and other archaeological deposits. Because soil phosphorus levels increase in areas of human habitation, and leave a permanent signature that can only be removed by erosion of the soil itself, phosphorus mapping has become a popular field procedure to indicate areas of habitation where overt evidence of ancient occupance is absent. We have developed a methodology to obtain accurate acid‐extractable phosphorus concentrations (mg/kg) in calcareous soils under the primitive field conditions of Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Predicated on Mehlich‐II acid extractant and colorimetric methods, this procedure processed 36 samples per hour at very low cost per sample. Based on eight replicate measurements of a group of samples, the coefficient of variation of the procedure was 8.3%. Subsequent analysis of 35 soil samples in a controlled laboratory revealed a moderate correlation of 0.44 between the Mehlich‐extractable phosphorus and total phosphorus. The correlation was 0.91 between the Mehlich procedure and Olsen bicarbonate extractable phosphorus, indicating that Mehlich‐based results are similar to those obtainable using a traditional extractable phosphorus method on soils of neutral to alkaline pH. There was a moderate correlation between Mehlich P and ring‐test rating (r = 0.42). The wider dynamic range of the Mehlich extraction, coupled with the use of a battery‐operated colorimeter, facilitated the finding of a refuse midden within an area of phosphate enriched soils. Further tests indicated that phosphorus concentrations measured in the field deviated by only 7% from those made under controlled laboratory conditions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
14.
在线净化-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机磷农药 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立了一套利用加速溶剂萃取仪在线净化,气相色谱氮磷检测器测定土壤中20种有机磷农药的方法。考察了加速溶剂萃取仪的萃取温度、氧化铝的类型和加入方式、溶剂萃取体系、分散剂用量等因素对土壤中有机磷农药残留测定的影响。合适的萃取温度在萃取效率和回收效率之间找到最佳平衡点,酸性氧化铝和底部加入方式保证了土壤的净化效果和有机磷的回收率,分散剂的加入使得土壤中有机磷分布更加均匀。以酸性氧化铝和石墨碳黑为净化剂,水为分散剂,土壤样品经加速溶剂萃取仪在线净化萃取,浓缩后采用气相色谱氮磷检测器检测。在萃取温度为60℃,酸性氧化铝底部加入,分散剂水为1.0 mL的条件下,20种有机磷的检出限为0.005～0.014 mg/L。本方法将萃取过程与净化过程合二为一,简化了操作步骤,提高了工作效率。 相似文献
15.
Laurent Zimmermann Pete Burnard Bernard Marty Fabien Gaboriaud 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(2):183-194
The GENESIS space mission recovered ions emitted by the Sun during a 27 month period. In order to extract, purify and determine the very low quantities of solar nitrogen implanted in the GENESIS targets, a new installation was developed and constructed at the CRPG (Nancy, France). It permitted the simultaneous determination of nitrogen and noble gases extracted from the target by laser ablation. The extraction procedure used a 193 nm excimer laser that allowed for surface contamination in the outer 5 nm to be removed, followed by a step that removed 50 nm of the target material, extracting the solar nitrogen and noble gases implanted in the target. Following purification using Ti and Zr getters for noble gases and a Cu-CuO oxidation cycle for N2 , the extracted gases were analysed by static mode (pumps closed) mass spectrometry using electron multiplier and Faraday cup detectors. The nitrogen blanks from the purification section and the static line (30 minutes) were only 0.46 picomole and 0.47 picomole, respectively. 相似文献
16.
A. M. Sulej-Suchomska Ż. Polkowska A. Przyjazny Z. J. Kokot J. Namieśnik 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(6):1475-1488
Determination of xenobiotics in samples of airport runoff water is both a complex and indispensable task due to an increasing threat resulting from the activities of numerous airports. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a procedure based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, no procedure was available that would ensure reliable data about concentration levels of these toxic pollutants in a new type of environmental samples, such as airport stormwater. The most difficult step in the analytical procedure used for the determination of fuel combustion products in airport stormwater samples is sample preparation. In this work, eight different protocols of sample preparation were tested. The evaluation of the LLE demonstrated that the best extraction conditions were as follows: dichloromethane (extraction solvent), solvent volume of 15 mL and sample volume of 250 mL. The percent recovery values ranged from 66 to 106 %, which shows that the LLE technique is a powerful method for extracting PAHs from airport runoff water samples with a complex matrix composition. Moreover, the developed procedure was characterized by satisfactory selectivity and a relatively low LOQ (0.17–0.52 μg/L). The procedure has been successfully applied to the analysis of stormwater samples collected from different sites at international airport in Poland. The procedure can thus be used as a tool for tracking the environmental fate of these compounds and for assessing the environmental effect of airports. 相似文献
17.
18.
选取了红外光谱中2750～3000cm-1C-H振动峰面积作为反映干酪根中脂肪链含量的特征参数,并以完全饱和脂肪链的微晶石蜡为基准,建立了对干酪根中脂肪链含量进行测定的实验方法,同时讨论了实验条件、无机矿物、干酪根样品加入量等因素的影响。并通过对东营地区不同类型干酪根的低熟烃源岩样品进行的高压热模拟实验,研究了干酪根中脂肪链的百分含量与成熟度、沥青转化率及干酪根原素组成之间的关系。结果表明干酪根中脂肪链含量不仅与干酪根的类型有关,而且随成熟作用增加明显降低,其与热模拟生油量的关系和烃源岩的产烃率曲线相似,在脂肪链含量由15%降至5%时出现一个生油高峰。所以,脂肪链百分含量这一参数有可能成为烃源岩的判别及评价的一个新的重要指标。 相似文献
19.
Ashok K. Chug 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1982,6(3):307-322
The method of slices commonly used for estimating static stability of natural slopes and embankments is extended to include the dynamic effects due to earthquake loading. The equation of motion of a typical slice along a path different from its base is derived. The calculations of displacement of a slide mass using the Newmark procedure are discussed and illustrated with an example problem. 相似文献
20.
The potential of marble dust as a stabilizing additive to red tropical soils was evaluated. The evaluation involved the determination of the geotechnical properties of three different red tropical soils in their natural state as well as when mixed with varying proportions of marble dust. The parameters tested included the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, the standard compaction characteristics, the compressive strength and the California bearing ratio (CBR). The strength tests were repeated after normal 28 day curing of the treated samples and also after accelerated 24 h curing at temperatures of 40°C, 60°C and 80°C.
Results showed that the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils are improved substantially by the addition of marble dust; plasticity was reduced by 20 to 33% and strength and CBR increased by 30 to 46% and 27 to 55% respectively. The highest strength and CBR values were achieved at 8% marble dust. Results also showed that normal 28 day curing improved the strength of the marble dust-treated soil with over 80% strength gain achieved after 7 to 10 days of normal curing. Higher strength development was realised following accelerated 24 h curing at 60°C.
Although these results imply marked improvement in the geotechnical parameters of red tropical soils, the higher strength developed is not enough for the improved soil to be used as a base material in the construction of heavily trafficked flexible pavements. The improved material may, however, be successfully used as base material for lightly trafficked roads and as a sub-base material for heavily trafficked roads. 相似文献