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1.
科学评价区域人居环境适宜性,是开展国土空间开发适宜性评价的前提,对提高区域资源环境承载能力,促进人与自然和谐发展至关重要。本文以内蒙古自治区为案例,基于栅格尺度从自然与人文2个方面对人居环境适宜性进行评价;将适宜性因子作为城乡建设用地扩展的限制条件,采用MCR模型对城乡建设用地进行模拟,提出区域人居环境空间优化方案,主要结论有：水文与气候条件对内蒙古自治区人居环境的整体限制作用较强;内蒙古自治区人居环境临界适宜与不适宜区占比最高,达到52.8%;高度适宜区占比最低为9%,主要分布在前套平原及西辽河平原,全区人居环境适宜性水平整体偏低。内蒙古自治区城乡建设用地人居环境比较适宜与高度适宜区占绝对优势,适宜比例超过73%,从适宜性空间分布来看,南部整体优于北部,东部整体优于西部,地带性特征明显。内蒙古自治区城乡人居环境不适宜与临界适宜主要表现为自然条件不适宜及对自然保护区的不合理占用。内蒙古自治区城乡建设用地模拟结果显示远期呼包地区一体化连片趋势明显,内蒙古自治区可逐步形成以呼包鄂都市区、赤通都市区为主体,以文化特色鲜明、公共设施完善的中心城镇及中心乡村为依托,以人居环境不适宜区为间隔,城乡融合的人居环境空间格局。 相似文献
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交通能力差、红色文化资源分散影响革命老区旅游产业发展.可达性研究为实现分散旅游资源的空间整合提供技术支持.基于百度地图开放平台的批量算路服务,通过实时路况信息提取时间和距离参数,优化传统可达性计算结果出现偏差的技术问题.本文以大别山革命老区为对象,对980处红色文化保护单位进行空间匹配及可达性求解,结果表明:湖北省境内红色文化资源可达性较高,且节点性资源较多;安徽省境内红色文化资源可进入程度较弱,处于可达性圈层结构的外围;鄂豫皖3省交界地区红色文化资源整合和可达性仍显不足;河南—湖北境内在南北方向上形成了多层次、多类型资源相互交织的旅游廊道,但东西方向旅游廊道尚未形成.研究结果可为推动大别山革命老区红色文化旅游一体化发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
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路网密度的研究是实施“一带一路”愿景之互联互通倡议的基础工作。“一带一路”顺应了世界经济全球化、一体化、多极化、信息化的趋势,牵连着蓬勃发展的亚太和发达的欧洲经济圈,带动中间国家的经济发展。在新形势下,如何通过交通基础设施建设推进丝绸之路经济带沿线区域间的互联互通、促进区域合作和经济发展,具有重要的现实意义。本文利用自发地理信息数据——OpenStreetMap（OSM）道路网数据,运用地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析技术,探究了“一带一路”陆路经济带辐射区域亚欧大陆的路网络密度和通行能力的空间分布格局,并分析了六大经济走廊节点城市的公路可达性空间格局。结果表明：“一带一路”陆路经济带的交通基础设施的发展存在着不平衡现象;路网密度和通行能力均呈现沿海高内陆低的空间格局;中亚、西亚地区和中南半岛地区成为道路水平落后带,限制了丝绸之路经济带资源整合与贸易畅通,建议在建设新跨国公路铁路同时,对原有老旧道路进行加宽加固等升级改造;全区域道路等级级配不合理;节点城市可达性具有明显的分异状况,六大经济走廊中83%的区域可达性在10 h以内。研究产出亚欧大陆1 km分辨率路网密度和通行能力数据集,发现了“一带一路”陆路经济带道路水平的薄弱区域,为“一带一路”陆路经济带的交通基础设施建设以及进一步的道路网研究提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2018,(4)
土地资源建设开发适宜性评价是土地资源承载力评价以及国土空间规划的重要基础性工作。本文以福州市为研究区域,选取耕地资源、生态红线、地形坡度、地壳稳定性等土地资源建设开发影响因素进行强制性和较强制性因子的筛选、分级,综合运用短板效应原理法、GIS空间分析方法,开展福州市土地资源建设开发适宜性评价研究,研究结果表明:全市适宜建设开发的土地面积占16.10%,主要分布于闽江、敖江、龙江等主要流域周边盆地区域和罗源湾、闽江口、福清湾、兴化湾等滨海平原区域;有条件适宜建设开发的土地面积占16.77%,零散分布于内陆低丘缓坡及沿海台地区域;不适宜建设开发的土地面积占29.78%,主要分布于西部、北部及中部地势险陡、地质灾害多发的丘陵山地区域;禁止建设开发的土地面积占37.35%,主要分布于西南部、西北部生态保育区以及沿海基干林保护区、永久基本农田保护区、河流水域等区域。 相似文献
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文章以桂西为研究区域,以土地开发建设适宜性评价为研究对象,依据土地适宜性评价原则和评价因子,基于地理信息系统（GIS）技术强大的空间分析功能建立土地适宜性评价模型,统计桂西适宜开发建设土地的空间位置、分布与面积,为国土资源管理提供参考。 相似文献
6.
基于可持续性视角的建设用地适宜性评价及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建设用地适宜性是土地资源利用与管理决策的依据。本文基于土地利用可持续性界定建设用地适宜性内涵,从灾害风险、地形地貌、生态环境和区位条件4个维度,构建了较规范的适宜性指标体系;针对已有评价方法的不足,构建了整合极值法、条件函数法、线性加权综合的“多要素分布式算法——情景矩阵”评估框架;进而基于适宜性识别冲突空间,以空间冲突面积占总建设用地面积的比重作为空间冲突强度来刻画区域建设空间布局的合理性与可持续性。本文以新疆玛纳斯县为例开展研究,结果表明玛纳斯县适宜建设空间（达230 km2以上）约占全县总面积的26%;最适宜和比较适宜性建设用地主要分布于中部及中北部乡镇及农（团）场驻地附近,基本适宜建设区主要分布在比较适宜建设空间的外围及中南部山前平原地带;该县冲突空间达4.21 km2,占建成区面积的22.74‰;冲突空间主要分布在河流沿岸和中部城镇化发展区;南部、北部的生态脆弱区及中部工业化发展区的乡镇空间冲突强度也较高。研究表明,本文提出的建设用地适宜性评估框架与方法逼近客观现实,简单易行,能弥补以往评价方法的不足;适宜性在空间冲突分析与可持续性土地利用管理中具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
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生态旅游适宜性评价是评估生态旅游发展潜力、制定生态旅游规划和进行生态旅游开发的基础和重要参照。本文引入机器学习方法,从方法可行性、数据映射和预测实现等方面进行探讨,应用随机森林算法对湖南武陵山片区生态旅游适宜性展开实证研究。湖南武陵山片区旅游资源丰富,脱贫后亟需开展生态旅游来巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果实现与乡村振兴有效衔接以及促进可持续发展。研究结果表明：(1)将机器学习算法引入到区域生态旅游适宜性评价领域作为一种新方法,可为之后改进生态旅游适宜性评价方法提供新思路与新方案;(2)随机森林算法可以有效应用在区域生态旅游适宜性评价方面,可作为适宜性评价研究的一种新方法,模型优化后的平均测试精度达86.49%,受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）与坐标围成的面积（AUC）达0.95,评价结果能够准确反映湖南武陵山片区生态旅游适宜性程度;(3)特征重要性排序结果显示土地利用类型影响最大,占比达到28.98%,人口密度、距景点距离和生物丰富度等因子的影响也较大,分别为16.34%、12.2%和10.65%,在进行生态旅游开发时应重点考虑这些因素;(4)生态旅游适宜性结果表明,高度适宜与适度适宜区占比高,研究... 相似文献
8.
重庆市交通网络的可达性时空特征及其演化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
可达性是度量区域交通网络结构通达性的有效指标。本文以1997、2001、2004、2008和2012年为时间断面,以加权平均旅行时间为指标,对重庆市陆路交通网络中节点区县可达性时空特征及演化规律进行了研究。结果表明：重庆市交通可达性总体呈现以主城区为中心向外围区域递减的“核心-边缘”模式,可达性等值线大致呈不规则环状分布;随着路网的不断完善,可达性水平由中心向外围呈圈层式优化,各区县的可达性有大幅度的提升,但不同阶段可达性提升幅度不同,第1、2阶段（1997-2004年）可达性相对第3、4阶段（2004-2012年）而言优化程度更为显著。由于可达性值变化幅度与其初始值有关,所以,边缘地区可达性值提高幅度始终大于中心地区,区县可达性差异逐渐缩小,可达性分布趋于均衡。由于空间经济分布具有明显的不均衡性,可达性与经济发展之间具有一定的互动耦合关系,交通网络的区域效应显得更为复杂。交通网络如何与城市体系合理匹配,形成良性互动的“交通-城市-经济”复合系统,是未来区域交通建设规划应该重视的内容。 相似文献
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经济的快速发展, 对砂石料的需求巨大, 海砂的开发成为当前的热点。琼州海峡东口海砂资源丰富, 资源潜力概算可达数十亿方。依据前期调查数据, 选取含泥量、含砂量、粒级、海砂厚度、水深和离岸距离6类指标, 采用层次分析法, 构造判断矩阵计算评价因子的权重, 运用ArcGIS空间分析功能进行叠加, 对琼州海峡东口的海砂进行了开发适宜性评价。结果表明: 经计算将研究区分为开发适宜性好、较好、中等、较差、差5个等级, 其中浅滩区域海砂规模大、质量好、水深浅和开采环境影响小, 其开发适宜性最佳。分析了不同的指标对海砂开发适宜性的影响, 在浅滩区, 厚度和含砂量指标贡献较大; 在近岸海湾, 环境影响是主要因子; 在琼州海峡深槽区, 水深条件则成为海砂开发的主要限制条件。根据海砂资源的特点, 建立了以资源自然属性、开发技术条件、生态环境影响和行政管理为主要因子的海砂开发利用适宜性评价体系, 具体工作可选取不同的指标开展评价。研究结果可以为研究区海砂的开发利用和其他区域海砂开发适宜性评价提供参考。 相似文献
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11.
MENGLi-li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(2):190-192
The exploitation and utilization of the tour resources of tournament athletics, including skiling, boat sail-ing, archery, ice engraving, snow engraving, has become a new trend of the development of Chinese tourism. Due tothe unique cold climate and superior geographic location, Harbin is a promising city for developing tour resources of tourna-ment athletics. Based on the analysis of the superiority and peculiarity of Harbin, the speculation on development of tour resources of tournament athletics in Harbin is proposed as follows : 1 ) Harbin should develop its special tour resources of tournament athletics associated with needs of market; 2) Harbin should take the advantages of rich resources and devel-op ice and snow entertainment in winter and travel for sight-seeing and spending summer;, 3) the adjustment of the layoutof ice and snow resources should be based on the idea of taking Harbin as the center and all-side opening at the largescale in the way of radiation; 4) tourism should be developed by the combined efforts of various departments to make feasi-ble plan, and the organizers should pay much attention to ensuring the safetv of tourists. 相似文献
12.
I.INTKODUCTIONTheArcticOcean,withanareaofapproximately9.5X106krnZ,ispredominantlysea--icecoveredthroughouttheyearinitscentralarea,whilethesouthedgeofmarginalicezone(MIZ)variesseasonally.ThemaxinltlmofIcecoverextentoccursbetweenFebruaryandMarch,whilethemininlunlisbetweenAugustandseptember.Placingtheiceedgeto8%iceconcentration(percentarealcoveragesofseaice)isopleths,variationofextentofsea--icecoveroftheArcticOceanisI)etween9X106--16X106kmZIbytheobservationofasatellite--bornescanningm… 相似文献
13.
新疆绿洲城镇对称图谱及其生态经济模式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李建新 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(2):115-119
天山南北的绿洲城镇以天山为轴对称,分布图案似一副向西张开的弓箭。在局部区域绿洲分布呈线形、弧形、扇形和放射形模式。绿洲经济以水土资源和矿产资源为依赖,中心城市的形成不以城市配位数和平均距离的大小为关键条件。县级中心城镇人口低于10万,平均配位数为3.50,平均距离144km;地市级中心城市人口10～60万,平均配位数4.25,平均距离450km;西部地区百万人口大城市的平均距离约2000km。绿洲人口持续增长,人口密度233人/km2,超过德国人口密度230人/km2。受控于景观带谱对称格局,生态保护政策将使绿洲转向岛国经济模式,发展经济必须跨越自然空间。工业化和城市化是绿洲发展的必然途径,以发展中小城市为主线。距离省府乌鲁木齐2000km以内的配位经济中心难以带动新疆经济跨越式发展,经济跨越式发展的动力模式,不是城市等级配位分布网络的稳定模式,而是经济差级配位模式。乌鲁木齐处于欧亚大陆新丝绸之路欧亚大陆桥中点处经济地理线形谷地位置。欧亚大陆东部与西部沿海经济中心可以作为与新疆经济合作的优先目标。 相似文献
14.
Impacts of climatic change on river runoff in northern Xinjiang of China over last fifty years 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
The characteristics of climatic change and river runoff, as well as the response of river runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that: 1) The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2) River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang (p=0.05), while slightly increased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects river runoff by influencing temperature and precipita-tion. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the river runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s river runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased river runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 相似文献
15.
Agricultural land use optimal allocation system in developing area: Application to Yili watershed, Xinjiang Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywhere enough land for certain cropping if spatial allocation just according to land use suitability. To solve this problem, a subzone and a pre-allocation for each land use are added in spatial allocation module, and land use suitability and area optimization module are incorporated to constitute a whole agricultural land use optimal allocation (ALUOA) system. The system is developed on the platform .Net 2005 using ArcGIS Engine (version 9.2) and C# language, and is tested and validated in Yili watershed of Xinjiang Region on the newly reclaimed area. In the case study, with the help of soil data obtained from 69 points sampled in the fieldwork in 2008, main river data supplied by the Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and temperature data provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, land use suitability on eight common crops are evaluated one by one using linear weighted summation method in the land use suitability model. The linear programming (LP) model in area optimization model succeeds to give out land area target of each crop under three scenarios. At last, the land use targets are allotted in space both with a six subzone file and without a subzone file. The results show that the land use maps with a subzone not only ensure every part has enough land for every crop, but also gives a more fragmental land use pattern, with about 87.99% and 135.92% more patches than the one without, while at the expense of loss between 15.30% and 19.53% in the overall suitability at the same time. 相似文献
16.
Chemical characteristics and environmental significance of fresh snow deposition on Urumqi Glacier No. 1 of Tianshan Mountains, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ice and snow chemistry of alpine glaciers is crucial for the research of regional atmospheric environment change. Fresh snow samples were weekly collected from Urumqi Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains, Xin- jiang, China, and the chemical characteristics and seasonal variations of major ions, mineral dust, δ18O and trace metals were measured. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow are Ca2+ SO42- NH4+ NO3- Cl- Na+ Mg2+ K+, in which Ca2+ is the dominant cation, and SO42-is the dominant anion. All major ions have close positive correlations with each other except NO3-. δ18O shows positive correlation with air temperature change during the study period. Mineral dust particle and major ionic concentrations in fresh snow have obvious seasonal change, with high concentration in spring but low concentration in summer and autumn, which indicates that the chemical mass input from Asian dust activity to snow is very significant. Temporal changes of trace metals in fresh snow, e.g., Cd, Pb, Zn, Al, Fe, have shown that human-induced pollution of central Asian region also has large contribution to the snow chemistry on alpine glaciers of the Tianshan Mountains. 相似文献
17.
《山地科学学报》2020,17(10):2369-2386
This research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in highmountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains(UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW(Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes. 相似文献
18.
新疆NDVI时空特征及气候变化影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于新疆50个气象测站2003-2010年逐日降水、气温资料,结合逐月归一化植被覆盖影像资料,利用趋势分析、R/S分析、模糊C均值聚类、图像处理等方法,系统分析了全疆NDVI时空变化特征及其可持续性,并探究NDVI与气候因子（气温、降水）之间的相关性。研究表明：植被覆盖及气象因子年际间差异不大,呈现出整体稳定的态势,但年内变化明显。北疆/天山北坡水热条件优良、植被长势最好,且植被长势对气候因子的滞后效应并不明显且滞后时间短。天山南坡/天山东段次之,而南疆植被覆盖程度最差,南疆/天山南坡植被长势对气候因子（降水、气温）存在明显的滞后效应,植被生长受气温、降水限制性更大,且气温作为主要因子,对天山南坡植被生长的限制作用表现得更为突出。总体上,新疆植被覆盖呈持续性变化,现有植被覆盖情况基本保持不变,但呈退化趋势的面积大于得到改善的面积,在一定程度上与人类活动有很大关系,探查植被长势的变化趋势并及时做出相应调整,不仅能为新疆地区的植被保护以及植被恢复工作提供一定的科学依据,更能够为合理有效地安排农作物生产提供重要的理论指导。 相似文献
19.
This paper provides a generalizable mode for the ecological vulnerability evaluation for tourism planning and development in high mountain areas. The Bayi District located in southeastern Tibet is taken as a typical town to study the conflict between the protection of natural ecological environment and the exploitation of tourism resources. Based on the Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure (SRP) framework, a set of vulnerability evaluation systems for plateau tourism regions were developed. The spatial principal component analysis (SPCA), remote sensing and GIS technologies were integrated to apply for spatial quantification of evaluation index system. The ecological vulnerability of the Bayi District was divided into five levels: potential, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme, and our results showed that significantly severe and extreme vulnerability areas were mainly distributed throughout the southwestern and central northern alpine pasture and glacial zones. Potential and mild vulnerability areas were mainly distributed in the vicinity of the Yarlung Zangbo River tributary basin. Then three tourism development and environmental protection zones were classified and appropriate measures for the protection were proposed. It also provides a reference for the spatial distribution of a range of areas that require different protection measures according to ecological vulnerability classification. 相似文献
20.
积雪深度是表征积雪特征的重要参数,也是区域气候变化最敏感的响应因子之一。利用1979-2010年逐日中国雪深长时间序列数据集,采用GIS空间分析和地统计方法,分析了青藏高原积雪深度的时空变化规律及异常空间分布特征。结果表明：近32年来,青藏高原雪深呈显著增加趋势,增加速率为0.26 cm/10a,其中,昆仑高寒荒漠地带雪深增加最为明显,增加速率达0.73 cm/10a;20世纪80年代至90年代青藏高原雪深呈逐步增加趋势,21世纪初变化平稳;青藏高原4个季节雪深变化均呈现为上升趋势,尤以冬季增加最为明显,增加速率达0.57 cm/10a。青藏高原东南、西部和南部为雪深分布高值区;逐像元回归分析表明,高原雪深呈增加趋势的像元数占全区像元总数的67.1%,其中有91.3%为轻度和中度增加,主要分布在高原北部和西部;最大雪深变化基本维持在-0.1~0.1 cm/a（45.47%）之间,在昆仑北翼山地、柴达木山地、羌塘高寒地带南部等局部地区最大雪深有增加趋势,主要是轻度增加,面积比例为36.66%。果洛那曲高寒地带、青南高寒地带和羌塘高寒地带为青藏高原积雪深度异常变化敏感区。 相似文献