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针对斜交桥在破坏性地震中发生破坏和损伤的突出问题,采用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)进行隔震和滞回耗能。基于OpenSees平台建立了不同斜度的传统非隔震和全桥采用LRB隔震的4跨斜交连续梁桥动力分析模型,沿2个水平方向输入远场地震动和具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应以及无速度脉冲效应的近断层地震动,并进行非线性时程计算,研究桥墩和挡块的损伤状态、主梁旋转度、碰撞力与斜交桥斜度的关系以及LRB对斜交桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明:向前方向性效应和滑冲效应的脉冲型地震动作用下的斜交桥地震反应和损伤明显大于无速度脉冲近断层和远场地震动作用; 采用LRB隔震后,明显降低了固定墩的地震损伤,桥墩位移减震率可达到50%以上; LRB隔震桥主梁与挡块的间隙宜结合桥梁的地震风险和设计位移进行确定。 相似文献
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2022年9月5日12时52分四川甘孜州泸定县发生MS6.8地震,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。本文利用此次地震中距离发震断层80 km以内获得的92个三分量加速度记录,研究此次地震近断层地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)和不同周期加速度反应谱(Sa)的空间分布与衰减特征,探讨了近断层地震动的脉冲特征及其对地震动反应谱的影响。研究结果表明：(1)此次地震近断层地震动表现出随观测方向变化的较强极性特征,其中51LDJ记录的南北分量约达到东西分量的3倍,这主要受地震的走滑破裂特征影响。(2)近场地震动强度的空间分布主要受此次地震发震断层的走向控制,峰值加速度、速度和加速度反应谱值的分布与断层走向特点一致。较强的观测值多位于烈度VII度以上的区域,与震害分布相符,地震动强度分布从一定程度决定了震害分布。(3)从实际观测结果与地震动经验模型的对比来看,经验模型对本次地震PGA和0.2 s的短周期地震动有较好的预测;对于PGV和周期0.5 s以上的地震动反应谱,本文考察的6个经验模型均有不同程度的高估。(4)本次泸定地震有2条典型脉冲记录,均... 相似文献
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为了研究地震波参数对柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能的影响,选取台湾集集地震中8条地震波作为输入,进行了柱顶隔震体系模型的振动台试验。分析了柱顶隔震体系的水平向动力响应特点,研究了地震波的PGV/PGA、卓越周期、平均周期和断层距及幅值对其水平向减震性能的影响,并进行了数值模拟的对比分析。结果表明:柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能良好。相同地震强度下地震波参数的PGV/PGA、卓越周期、平均周期和断层距对柱顶隔震体系水平向减震性能的影响明显,其中:PGV/PGA的影响程度最大,可以作为主要的分析指标;随着地震动强度的增大柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震效果更加明显,地震动强度达到一定幅值后,减震率缓慢下降;与远场地震相比,近场地震不利于柱顶隔震体系的水平向减震性能的发挥,脉冲型近场地震作用下其减震效果更差。振动台试验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致,表明分析结果的可靠性。 相似文献
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近断层长周期地震动是一类较特殊的破坏性地震动.为了深入探讨近断层地震动的低频分量组成及其脉冲特性,基于小波理论中的多尺度分析方法提出了一种地震动分量分解方法,据此可将一条地震动分解成频率各不相同的多条分量.首先从频域、时域以及动态响应三个方面阐述了该分解方法的有效性和精确性.进而采用这种方法对近期12次大地震中的53条典型近断层地震动进行了分解,共获得266条地震动分量.分析了近断层地震动中的长周期分量随场地、断层距等影响因素的变化特征;再以卓越分量作为最大脉冲的简化模型,探讨了速度幅值和脉冲周期随震级、断层距的变化关系.结果表明：近断层长周期地震动主要由周期为0.2~2 s的分量组成;近断层土层场地地震动中的长周期分量比岩石场地多;在0~15 km的近断层区域,随断层距的增加,地震动中长周期分量的比重明显减小;卓越分量的速度幅值PGVp约为原始地震动速度幅值PGV的0.6倍,且两者之间具有明显的线性关系;PGVp随断层距的增大而减小,随震级的增大而增大;卓越分量周期Tp随震级的增大呈对数线性增大趋势. 相似文献
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上盘效应是近断层地震动的主要特性之一,而目前就上盘效应的定量研究较少。本文利用日本K-NET和KiK-net强震动台网获取的近场强震动加速度记录,定量研究了北海道MW6.6地震的上盘效应对地震动PGA、PGV和不同周期的加速度反应谱值空间分布和衰减特征的影响,探讨地震动上盘效应的特征及其影响范围,并将上、下盘观测结果与地震动预测经验模型进行对比。研究结果表明：(1)在断层距小于45 km时,此次北海道地震具有显著的上盘效应特征,断层上盘记录的PGA、PGV和加速度反应谱值明显大于下盘和中间区域的地震动观测值,且高于本次地震的平均值。上盘效应影响范围与震源破裂过程反演得到的断层尺度相吻合。(2)断层上盘的PGA观测值高于此次地震平均水平的对数偏差为0.61±0.16,这与1994年北岭地震和1999年集集地震等逆冲型地震的影响水平接近。上盘记录的PGV高于平均水平的对数偏差为0.39±0.12,即高于平均水平约35%。上盘观测地震动在周期T为0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0 s时的加速度反应谱值高于平均水平的对数偏差分别为0.33±0.19、0.54±... 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(2)
历次震害表明,近断层地震对大量土木工程结构造成了灾难性的破坏。为了研究大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震响应规律及其减震装置的减震效果,选取3条典型近断层地震波作为地震输入,利用MIDAS CIVIL软件对大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震响应进行了分析,并对其减震效果进行了探讨。结果表明:大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震响应随着PGV/PGA值的增大而大幅度增大,其中速度脉冲效应的影响非常显著;减震措施对纵向近断层地震作用下的减震效果要好于横向地震作用下的效果,且PGV/PGA值越大,减震效果越小。在近断层地震作用下,斜拉桥在考虑减震措施后仍具有较大的梁端位移,需引起足够的重视。 相似文献
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选择台湾集集地震和美国北岭地震的近断层地震动记录作为输入,考察了近断层地震动破裂向前方向性与滑冲效应引起的两种不同速度脉冲运动对单自由度体系和长周期橡胶支座隔震建筑结构抗震性能的影响.反应谱分析表明,破裂向前方向性与滑冲效应对工程结构地震响应的影响是随结构周期变化的.在中短周期段,含破裂向前方向性效应地震动的谱加速度值大于含滑冲效应地震动的谱加速度值;而在长周期段,含滑冲效应地震动的谱加速度大于含破裂向前方向性效应的谱加速度值.并且,与无脉冲地震动作用相比,含破裂向前方向性与滑冲效应脉冲的近断层地震动作用下隔震建筑的地震响应显著增大.滑冲效应引起的速度脉冲使隔震建筑底部的层间变形和楼层剪力明显增大,这意味着滑冲效应脉冲比向前方向性效应脉冲对长周期建筑结构的破坏更具危害性. 相似文献
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近断层脉冲型地震动作用下隔震结构地震反应分析 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17
隔震结构在远震场地减震效果良好，但是近断层地震动的明显的长周期速度和位移脉冲运动可能对隔震建筑等长周期结构的抗震性能和设计带来不利影响，需要深入探讨。本文首先讨论近断层地震动的长周期脉冲运动特征，然后以台湾集集地震8条典型近震记录和其它4条常用近震记录以及4条远震记录作为地震动输入，对两幢安装铅芯橡胶隔震支座的钢筋混凝土框架隔震结构进行非线性地震反应时程分析，通过比较探讨了算例计算结果，定量说明隔震结构的近震脉冲效应显著，是隔震设计不容忽视的问题。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献