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综合考虑远场类谐和地震动、近断层向前方向性地震动与近断层滑冲型地震动三类长周期地震动,对比分析不同类型长周期地震动的峰值与持时特征、低频特性、脉冲特性及反应谱特征,并探讨中、美、日、欧抗震设计谱在考虑长周期地震动影响方面的适用性。结果表明:长周期地震动的峰值、持时及反应谱特征明显区别于普通地震动,且三种长周期地震动之间亦存在显著差异;长周期地震动均具有低频脉冲特性,但不同类型长周期地震动在频域与时域内的能量分布规律不同;现行中、美、日、欧抗震设计谱均未综合考虑三类长周期地震动的影响,亟需开展综合考虑三类长周期地震动影响的抗震设计谱研究。 相似文献
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特殊长周期地震动的参数特征研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
近断层脉冲型地震动和远场软土层场地类谐和地震动是两类特殊的长周期地震动,当前的规范均很少对这两类地震作用进行具体的规定。研究了近断层脉冲型和远场类谐和地震动的幅值、幅值比(V/A,D/V)、傅里叶幅值谱和反应谱的差别,分析了相位角和作用循环周期数对简单脉冲的影响,并用于解释两类特殊地震动的工程特征。以集集地震动为数据基础,分析了两类长周期地震动的傅里叶谱和反应谱特征;将平均加速度和位移规准反应谱分别与规范设计谱进行了比较。建议设计谱在长周期段考虑近断层作用和软土场地面波效应的影响。 相似文献
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用丰富的高质量数字强震记录对台湾集集大地震及余震的长周期地震动特性进行了研究. 本文主要研究了长周期地震动的强度随震级、距离及场地条件的变化情况;同时对近断层的长周期地震动特性进行了分析. 结果表明,集集大地震及余震的长周期地震动反应谱的形状主要受场地条件和震级控制(D+E类场地的反应谱要比B+C类的宽,震级大的反应谱要比震级小的宽),而受距离影响并不显著;近断层长周期地震动明显受断层活动特性影响:上盘的长周期地震动比下盘的强,北部的比南部的强. 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(4)
与普通强地震动相比,长周期地震动的低频分量丰富,对长周期结构影响显著。隔震结构作为一类具有较长自振周期的结构,其在长周期地震动作用下的动力行为值得研究。选取远场长周期地震记录和远场普通地震记录作为外部激励,以某基础隔震结构作为研究对象,研究了远场地震记录的长周期特性,及其对隔震层和上部结构地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:远场地震动长周期特性对结构地震响应的影响显著,远场长周期地震记录下结构的地震响应明显大于远场普通地震记录,在隔震结构设计中应考虑其不利影响;地震动功率谱与结构地震响应之间存在明显联系,应进行深入研究。研究结果可为长周期地震动作用下隔震结构的抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(4)
近断层强地震动特性与远场地震动特性具有显著差别。关于近断层沉积盆地地震响应规律,目前尚未厘清。为此利用基于有限断层假定的动力学震源模型,采用谱元法,详细研究了不同沉积内外介质波速比、走滑断层倾角下近断层沉积盆地地表的地震动时程和峰值变化规律。计算结果表明:近断层沉积盆地对地震动幅值具有显著的放大作用,在盆地内部,地震动持时明显延长以及空间分布更为复杂,同时出现多次长周期速度脉冲。断层倾角变化对地震动有着显著影响,在30°~90°范围内,整体上看:随倾角增大,盆地内部峰值加速度和峰值速度逐渐减小,而位移峰值受倾角的影响相对要小。另外,随近断层沉积盆地内部介质波速降低,盆地内部地表的地震加速度和速度会明显增大。 相似文献
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研究了高频电波加热电离层实验期间电子能量分布函数,利用美国HAARP和欧洲EISCAT实验中630.0 nm、557.7 nm与844.6 nm等气辉辐射测量结果,给出了在红光与绿光强度比值小于10和比值大于等于10两种情况下电子能量分布函数表达式,在3~100 eV电子能量范围内,分段幂指数因子随电子能量的增加而下降,并利用获得电子能量分布函数对其他电离层加热期间气辉辐射进行计算,红光与绿光辐射强度之比与实验测量结果相符,从而验证了获得的电子能量分布函数. 相似文献
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This paper presents an active control algorithm using the probability density function of structural energy. It is assumed that structural energy under excitation has a Rayleigh probability distribution. This assumption is based on the fact that the Rayleigh distribution satisfies the condition that the structural energy is always positive and the occurrence probability of minimum energy is zero. The magnitude of the control force is determined by the probability that the structural energy exceeds the specified target critical energy, and the sign of the control force is determined by the Lyapunov controller design method. The proposed control algorithm shows much reduction of peak responses under seismic excitation compared with the LQR controller, and it can consider the control force limit in the controller design. Also, the chattering problem which sometimes occurs in the Lyapunov controller can be avoided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The effect of a new zealand beech forest canopy on the kinetic energy of water drops and on surface erosion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. P. Mosley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1982,7(2):103-107
Rain and throughfall drops were sampled during rain events in a New Zealand beech forest and the frequency distributions of drop mass and kinetic energy calculated. The kinetic energy of throughfall under the canopy was always greater than that of rainfall in the open, notwithstanding interception losses. During a typical rain event in which 51 mm fell in 36 h, the total kinetic energy of throughfail was 1.5 times greater than that of rainfall, and the mean amount of sand splashed from sample cups was 3.1 times greater under the canopy than in the open. It appears that where mineral soil is exposed at the surface, by animal trampling or burrowing for example, rates of soil detachment by splash under a forest canopy will probably exceed those in the open. 相似文献
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本文通过能量法研究了钢筋混凝土简体结构的抗震性能。文中采用振型分解法按等效单自由度体系求解简体结构的滞回输入能;用pushover法分析了滞回耗能在结构层间的分布规律及结构自身的耗能能力;根据楼层滞回耗能与弹塑性层间位移的关系求出了薄弱层的弹塑性位移。对一高层钢筋混凝土框架-简体结构在7度罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行了评估,通过与非线性动力时程分析的对比,证明了方法的可行性。 相似文献
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利用小波变换时-频局部化性能,提出了基于小波能量分布向量的结构损伤识别方法。首先建立无损结构响应信号小波能量分布的总体向量;其次,将实测动力响应信号分解为小波包组分,计算其小波能量分布向量(样本向量);通过样本向量和总体向量之间的马氏距离识别损伤。该方法仅利用单测点结构响应数据进行损伤识别,实验方便,计算简单,并通过钢梁试验对损伤识别方法进行了试验验证,识别结果表明小波能量分布向量是一个比较好的结构损伤指标。 相似文献
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本文通过能量法研究了钢筋混凝土筒体结构的抗震性能。文中采用振型分解法按等效单自由度体系求解筒体结构的滞回输入能;用pushover法分析了滞回耗能在结构层间的分布规律及结构自身的耗能能力;根据楼层滞回耗能与弹塑性层间位移的关系求出了薄弱层的弹塑性位移。对一高层钢筋混凝土框架-筒体结构在7度罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行了评估,通过与非线性动力时程分析的对比,证明了方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Rainfall erosivity represents the primary driver for particle detachment in splash soil erosion. Several raindrop erosivity indices have been developed in order to quantify the potential of rainfall to cause soil erosion. Different types of rainfall simulators have been used to relate rainfall characteristics to soil detachment. However, rainfall produced by different rainfall simulators has different characteristics, specifically different relationships between rainfall intensity and rainfall erosivity. For this reason, the effect of rainfall characteristics produced by a dripper‐type rainfall simulator on splash soil erosion (Ds) has been investigated. The simulated rainfall kinetic energy (KE) and drop size distribution (DSD) were measured using piezoelectric transducers, modified from the Vaisala RAINCAP® rain sensor. The soil splash was evaluated under various simulated rainfall intensities ranging from 10 to 100 mm h?1 using the splash‐cup method. The simulated rainfall intensity (I) and kinetic energy relationship (I–KE) was found to be different from natural rainfall. The simulated rainfall intensity and splash soil erosion relationship (I–Ds) also followed this same trend. The I–KE relationship was found to follow the natural rainfall trend until the rainfall intensity reached 30 mm h?1 and above this limit the KE started to decrease. This emphasizes the importance of the I–KE relationship in determining the I‐Ds relationship, which can differ from one rainfall simulator to another. Ds was found to be highly correlated with KE (r = 0·85, P < 0·001), when data produced by the rainfall intensity ranged from 10 to 100 mm h?1. However, when the threshold rainfall intensity (30 mm h?1) was considered, the correlation coefficient further improved (r = 0·89, P = 0·001). Accordingly, to improve the soil splash estimation of simulated rainfall under various rainfall intensities the I–KE characterization relationship for rainfall simulators has to be taken into account. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献