共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
A boundary element model for stress/stability analysis of underground excavations in the vicinity of faults is presented. The boundary element formulation adopts the fictitious stress method for the simulation of excavation boundaries and the displacement discontinuity method for the representation of faults. The numerical model employs the Barton–Bandis non-linear joint model for the modelling of the fault behaviour and linear elastic behaviour for the rock. An incremental-iterative in situ stress relaxation algorithm is implemented for the non-linear analysis of the faults. Both deformation and peak strength models of Barton–Bandis are incorporated for modelling the mechanical behaviour of the fault. The non-linear deformation of fault considers the effects of coupling between shear and normal stresses and displacement, joint closure, joint separation, hardening followed by post-peak or residual behaviour. The peak strength model employs a mobilized non-linear shear strength envelope. The differences between linear and non-linear simulation of the fault models are discussed. A comparison of model predictions with the classical Mohr–Coulomb peak strength model with constant joint stiffness is presented. The numerical model is used for a case study of Canadian hard rock underground mine. The shear and normal displacements along the fault during four mining sequences with backfill simulation are presented and discussed. 相似文献
2.
Nenad Grujovic Dejan Divac Miroslav Zivkovic Radovan Slavkovic Nikola Milivojevic Vladimir Milivojevic Dragan Rakic 《Acta Geotechnica》2013,8(3):265-278
The mechanical behaviour of a rock mass is described in this paper using a method that combines experimental and numerical techniques. A new discontinuity (joint) constitutive model is proposed based on the non-associative yield law. Constitutive relationships for an anisotropic rock mass are determined by introducing an interaction between sets of discontinuities and the monolith in which they occur. The model is based on the concept that deformation of the monolith and its associated sets of discontinuities are coupled. An experimental investigation of the concrete foundations of the Bogovina Dam on the Crni Timok River in Serbia has been used to verify the presented numerical model. The tests included discontinuity and monolith sample investigations and large-scale field tests. 相似文献
3.
结构面网络模拟是获取岩体结构模型的主要手段。基于网络模拟结果建立岩体力学或水力学分析模型,然后开展精细数值模拟研究,是岩石力学领域具有良好前景的发展方向。但目前尚没有成熟的分析软件能够将网络模拟结果转化为能用于力学或水力学计算的单元网格,针对这一现状,开发了一整套结构面网络模拟结果后处理程序,利用该程序,可以方便地将网络模拟结果转化为能用于水力学计算的连通水力网络,以及能用于力学分析的包含节理单元的有限元网格。并对相关的程序算法和实现过程作了详尽的介绍,希望能够对从事该领域研究工作的同行有参考价值。 相似文献
4.
自然单元法(NEM)是较近出现的一种无网格方法,其形函数兼有无网格的特点和传统有限元的优点,是一种理想的适合岩土工程问题计算的新型数值方法。介绍了自然单元法的基本原理和特性,并讨论了其在岩土工程中的具体应用。将Goodman单元引入自然单元法以实现对不连续面的模拟,研究表明,在NEM中加入节理单元的总体原则和具体的实施细节与FEM中完全相同;而在一般的无网格方法中,则稍微复杂一点。为了实现对岩土工程中常见的无限域或半无限域问题的模拟,引入了无界单元;由于自然单元法的特性,自然单元法和无界元可实现无缝“耦合”。具体的数值算例验证了上述思路。 相似文献
5.
The mathematical structure and numerical analysis of classical small deformation elasto–plasticity is generally well established. However, development of large deformation elastic–plastic numerical formulation for dilatant, pressure sensitive material models is still a research area. In this paper we present development of the finite element formulation and implementation for large deformation, elastic–plastic analysis of geomaterials. Our developments are based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and plastic parts. A consistent linearization of the right deformation tensor together with the Newton method at the constitutive and global levels leads toward an efficient and robust numerical algorithm. The presented numerical formulation is capable of accurately modelling dilatant, pressure sensitive isotropic and anisotropic geomaterials subjected to large deformations. In particular, the formulation is capable of simulating the behaviour of geomaterials in which eigentriads of stress and strain do not coincide during the loading process. The algorithm is tested in conjunction with the novel hyperelasto–plastic model termed the B material model, which is a single surface (single yield surface, affine single ultimate surface and affine single potential surface) model for dilatant, pressure sensitive, hardening and softening geomaterials. It is specifically developed to model large deformation hyperelasto–plastic problems in geomechanics. We present an application of this formulation to numerical analysis of low confinement tests on cohesionless granular soil specimens recently performed in a SPACEHAB module aboard the Space Shuttle during the STS‐89 mission. We compare numerical modelling with test results and show the significance of added confinement by the thin hyperelastic latex membrane undergoing large stretching. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
地下水开采等人类工程活动会引起地下水位变化，从而导致地面沉降问题。地面沉降具有土层变形长期发展的特点，土体的蠕变性是导致这一现象的重要原因之一。为此，针对基于Biot理论的地面沉降耦合模型，利用半解析数值原理和黏弹性流变理论，推导了可压缩土层黏弹性耦合变形的求解格式，该计算方法无需数值积分，且具有很好的解耦并行性。在此基础上，编制了FORTRAN计算程序，通过与已有解答的对比验证，说明了方法及程序的合理性，计算结果可以正确反映土体黏滞性所导致的变形滞后效应。通过数值算例，进一步探讨了渗透性、孔隙流体可压缩性和土体黏滞性等因素对土层长期变形的影响规律。 相似文献
7.
采用一般有限元对互层岩体进行数值分析研究时,要求的单元数量多、建模工作量大;并且难以反映层状岩体的弯曲变形特性。针对这种岩体Cosserat介质模型是一种很有用的有限元等效模型。首先对基于平面应变问题的Cosserat介质理论及扩展模型简略介绍,然后导出了模型的Mohr-Coulomb塑性屈服条件。再利用Matlab平台编制有限元程序,并对地下洞室工程进行数值模拟。将所得结果与传统连续介质法的结果进行对比。结果表明,基于Matlab的Cosserat有限元程序的有效性及解决互层岩体这类问题的适用性与优越性。 相似文献
8.
介质概化是水文地质概念模型建立和进行地下水流三维数值模拟的基础。目前国内、外已建立的岩溶介质地下水流模型,都有一个共同的特点:在进行岩溶介质概化的时候,大都采用等效裂隙介质模型方法。由于岩溶介质的空间不连续性和各向异性,决定了采用该方法概化岩溶介质必然造成与实际情况不符。为了更加准确地概化岩溶含水介质,同时也为了使概化后的介质模型,能比较真实地刻画出实际岩溶介质的含水层,这里以广西合山煤田为例,针对岩溶含水介质的特征,以及岩溶发育规律,提出了对模拟区域采用多种方法进行介质概化,对不同类型的岩溶介质采用不同的方法进行概化处理,从而实现了对复杂岩溶介质的概化。 相似文献
9.
为了研究地下开采引起围岩变形和断层活化现象,文章采用一种软材料的小模型进行地下开采间断面变形的模拟。模型中通过模拟一个矩形地下采区上方围岩的变形来研究一个水平间断面发生活化后的弯曲现象。模拟结果表明,间断面上的剪切位移分布具有"双峰"的特征或规律。这种分布特征或规律,得到了数值模拟结果的验证。同时,也证明了该方法的有效性。该方法最大的优点是,可以用小尺寸模型有效模拟在自重体积力作用下开挖引起的围岩变形现象,具有实验装置简单、实验用时短、操作方便、实验成本低等诸多优点,是一种值得推广的物理模拟方法。 相似文献
10.
采用随机介质理论计算规模采水引起的地面下沉和水平位移。分析了采水引起的地面位移机制,采用有效应力原理推导微单元体的沉降;利用非稳定流理论Theis模型计算单井定流量采水时平面径向流引起的降深;利用现场观测数据,通过反分析法确定模型参数;由于模型的边界动态变化,故分时段采用数学近似法和变边界数值逼近法处理。在此基础上建立单元盆地在降落漏斗区域的时空分布积分方程,引入柱坐标系进行解答。工程实例分析表明,随机介质理论适用于计算采水引起的地面变形;结合非稳定流理论和数值计算方法能较好地预测地面随时间的变形规律。 相似文献
11.
In this paper, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is extended to study wave propagation across rock masses. First, improvements to the system equations, contact treatment, and boundary conditions of the NMM are performed, where new system equations are derived based on the Newmark assumption of the space–time relationship, the edge‐to‐edge contact treatment is further developed for the NMM to handle stress wave propagation across discontinuities, and the viscous non‐reflection boundary condition is derived based on the energy minimisation principle. After the modification, numerical comparisons between the original and improved NMM are presented. The results show that the original system equations result in artificial numerical damping, which can be overcome by the Newmark system equations. Meanwhile, the original contact scheme suffers some calculation problems when modelling stress wave propagation across a discontinuity, which can be solved by the proposed edge‐to‐edge contact scheme. Subsequently, the influence of the mesh size and time step on the improved NMM for stress wave propagation is studied. Finally, 2D wave propagation is modelled, and the model's results are in good agreement with the analytical solution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
岩体中普遍存在着断层﹑节理和裂隙等结构面,这些结构面的存在和发展对岩体的整体强度﹑变形及稳定性有极大的影响。因此,研究岩体中原生结构面的萌生﹑发展以及贯通演化过程对评估岩体工程安全性和可靠性具有非常重要的理论与现实意义。扩展有限元法（XFEM）作为一种求解不连续问题的有效数值方法,模拟裂隙时独立于网格,因此,在模拟岩体裂隙扩展﹑水力劈裂等方面具有独特优势。针对扩展有限元法的基本理论及其在岩体裂隙扩展模拟中的应用展开了研究,建立了扩展有限元法求解岩体裂隙摩擦接触、岩体裂隙破坏等问题的数值模型,并将计算模型应用于岩质边坡稳定性分析和重力坝坝基断裂破坏等工程问题。 相似文献
13.
由无黏粗颗粒与黏性泥浆组成的黏性碎屑流,其运动过程会产生不连续变形,基于连续介质假定的流体理论无法描述。根据散体材料理论,在考虑黏性泥浆影响情况下,以PFC3D为平台,编写黏性碎屑坡面运动数值模型试验程序,根据泥浆（成都黏土,密度1.413 g/cm3）室内拉伸试验和旋转剪切试验结果,设置数值模型参数,开展黏性碎屑流坡面运动数值模型试验,再现黏性碎屑坡面运动过程及运动过程中不连续变形现象,并通过同尺寸黏性碎屑坡面运动物理模型试验进行验证。结果表明：基于散体材料理论的PFC3D离散单元法能很好地再现黏性碎屑坡面运动过程及运动过程中不连续变形现象,为深入分析黏性泥浆介质影响下黏性碎屑坡面运动过程提供新的途径。 相似文献
14.
Y. K. Chow 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1987,11(1):1-15
A numerical procedure is described for the analysis of vertical deformation of smooth, rigid foundations of arbitrary shape on homogeneous and layered soil media. The contact area at the interface of the foundation and soil medium is approximated by square subdivisions. The response of the system is then obtained from the superposition of the influence of the individual subdivisions. The flexibility influence coefficients are based on equivalent smooth, rigid circular areas with the same contact area as the square subdivisions. For foundations on a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space, the flexibility coefficients are given analytically by the integrated forms of the Boussinesq's solution. For a layered soil medium, the flexibility coefficients are determined from an axisymmetric finite element analysis which is essentially two dimensional. Thus, there is no necessity for a full three-dimensional finite element analysis. Comparison with solutions obtained using the integral transform technique for smooth, rigid rectangular foundations on a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space shows good agreement. Parametric solutions are presented for the response of rectangular foundations on some ‘typical’ soil profiles. The use of a simplified method to estimate the settlement of rectangular foundations on a layered soil medium by superposing solutions for homogeneous, elastic strata is discussed. 相似文献
15.
Hatem Gasmi Essaïeb Hamdi Nejla Bouden Romdhane 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1393-1409
Homogenization in fractured rock analyses is essentially based on the calculation of equivalent elastic parameters. In this paper, a new numerical homogenization method that was programmed by means of a MATLAB code, called HLA-Dissim, is presented. The developed approach simulates a discontinuity network of real rock masses based on the International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM) scanline field mapping methodology. Then, it evaluates a series of classic joint parameters to characterize density (RQD, specific length of discontinuities). A pulse wave, characterized by its amplitude, central frequency, and duration, is propagated from a source point to a receiver point of the simulated jointed rock mass using a complex recursive method for evaluating the transmission and reflection coefficient for each simulated discontinuity. The seismic parameters, such as delay, velocity, and attenuation, are then calculated. Finally, the equivalent medium model parameters of the rock mass are computed numerically while taking into account the natural discontinuity distribution. This methodology was applied to 17 bench fronts from six aggregate quarries located in Tunisia, Spain, Austria, and Sweden. It allowed characterizing the rock mass discontinuity network, the resulting seismic performance, and the equivalent medium stiffness. The relationship between the equivalent Young’s modulus and rock discontinuity parameters was also analyzed. For these different bench fronts, the proposed numerical approach was also compared to several empirical formulas, based on RQD and fracture density values, published in previous research studies, showing its usefulness and efficiency in estimating rapidly the Young’s modulus of equivalent medium for wave propagation analysis. 相似文献
16.
In this paper a new analytical model is proposed to determine the permeability tensor for fractured rock masses based on the superposition principle of liquid dissipation energy. This model relies on the geometrical characteristics of rock fractures and the corresponding fracture network, and demonstrates the coupling effect between fluid flow and stress/deformation. This model empirically considers the effect of pre‐peak shear dilation and shear contraction on the hydraulic behavior of rock fractures and can be used to determine the applicability of the continuum approach to hydro‐mechanical coupling analysis. Results of numerical analysis presented in this paper show that the new model can effectively describe the permeability of fractured rock masses, and can be applied to the coupling analysis of seepage and stress fields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
A rational and realistic rock mass modelling strategy for the stability analysis of blocky rock mass
Due to the importance of a realistic rock mass model for the achievement of accurate and reliable results from numerical analysis of blocky rock mass, a probability based rock mass geometrical model is proposed in the present study. The rock mass geometry is built based on site investigation data and stochastic analysis of the discontinuity mapping results. The discontinuities and/or sets of them, either finite or infinite in size, planar or non-planar, convex or concave in shape, can be implemented in the three-dimensional rock mass model. Key block analysis and support design are then suggested to the stochastic rock mass models. To achieve a realistic stability analysis of the rock mass with the proposed probabilistic rock mass model, a few suggestions have also been made. These include the adoption of realistic constitutive models to intact rock and rock discontinuities, use of numerical model to technically handle numerical difficulties and development of a realistic modelling strategy to achieve realistic and affordable computational cost, etc. 相似文献
18.
This paper presents the results of a set of numerical models focussing on structural controls on hydrothermal mineralization.We first give an overview of natural phenomena of structurally-controlled ore formation and the background theory and mechanisms for such controls. We then provide the results of a group of simple 2D numerical models validated through comparison with Cu-vein structure observed near the Shilu Copper deposit(Yangchun,Guangdong Province, China) and finally a case study of 3D numerical modelling applied to the Hodgkinson Province in North Queensland(Australia).Two modelling approaches,discrete deformation modelling and continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow modelling,are involved.The 2D model-derived patterns are remarkably consistent with the Cu-vein structure from the Shilu Copper deposit,and show that both modelling approaches can realistically simulate the mechanical behaviours of shear and dilatant fractures.The continuum coupled deformation and fluid flow model indicates that pattern of the Cuveins near the Shilu deposit is the result of shear strain localization,development of dilation and fluid focussing into the dilatant fracture segments.The 3D case-study models(with deformation and fluid flow coupling) on the Hodgkinson Province generated a number of potential gold mineralization targets. 相似文献
19.
V. D. Suvorov Yu. P. Stefanov E. V. Pavlov E. A. Melnik A. A. Tataurova V. A. Kochnev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,476(2):1195-1199
The results of numerical modelling of deformation of the Earth’s crust along the Tarim–Altai profile caused by the force of gravity and lateral compression using the approximate two-dimensional model of the elastoplastic transition are presented. The conditions of the formation of mountains and their roots were determined taking into account some geological and geophysical parameters. 相似文献
20.
Summary This paper is a contribution to the study of tunnelling in difficult conditions, with attention paid to large time-dependent
deformations, which may develop either during construction, causing instabilities of the tunnel heading and of the face, or
during the service life of the tunnel. Under these circumstances the construction costs may rise due to the delays in excavation
time, the stabilisation and heavy support measures that need be adopted. Following a review of characterisation and modelling
of time-dependent behaviour in rock, the mechanical behaviour of Clay Shales (CS), a structurally complex formation of the
Apennines (Italy), is described. Then, the key factors involved in the selection of the constitutive model for CS are identified.
Two constitutive models are selected and discussed and their specific material parameters determined. A case study of a large
size tunnel is presented where numerical modelling by the finite difference method is carried out. The results of modelling
are compared with the monitoring data in terms of radial convergence of the tunnel and extrusion of the tunnel face. 相似文献