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1.
ReOs isotopic data for 20 samples from a well-characterized140 m section across a layered sequence, ranging from plagioclaselherzolite through lherzolite to harzburgite, of the Horomanperidotite show: (1) a range in 187Os/188Os ratios (from 0·1158to 0·1283) similar to that reported for other peridotiticmassifs, thereby suggesting that the processes responsible forthe ReOs isotopic variation at the meter-scale and thewhole-massif scale are similar; (2) that the Os isotopic ratiois controlled by the Re content through radiogenic ingrowthover a period of 相似文献
2.
Re--Os and Sm--Nd Isotope Geochemistry of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: Implications for the Petrogenesis of the J-M Reef 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
LAMBERT D. D.; WALKER R. J.; MORGAN J. W.; SHIREY S. B.; CARLSON R. W.; ZIENTEK M. L.; LIPIN B. R.; KOSKI M. S.; COOPER R. L. 《Journal of Petrology》1994,35(6):1717-1753
ReOs and SmNd isotopic data have been obtainedfor mafic and ultramafic cumulates from the 2700-Ma StillwaterComplex and associated fine-grained sills and dykes, so as tobetter constrain the geochemical characteristics of Stillwaterparental magmas and to trace the source(s) of the precious metalsthat have been concentrated in the J-M Reef, the major platinum-groupelement mineral deposit in the complex. Initial Os isotopiccompositions (187Os/188Os) for chromitites from the Ultramaficseries range from a radiogenic isotopic composition of 0.1321(Os = +21) for the platinum group element (PGE)-enriched B chromititeseam from the West Fork area to a near-chondritic isotopic compositionof 0.10690.1135 (Os=2 to +4.1) for the PGE-poorG and H chromitite seams, respectively, near the middle of theUltramafic series. Osmium isotopic data for the PGE-rich B chromititeseam are generally isochronous with whole-rock and mineral datafor the J-M Reef (Os = + 12 to + 34). ReOs isotopic datatherefore document a contrast between PGE-poor cumulates fromthe Ultramafic series and PGE-enriched cumulates from both theUltramafic series and the J-M Reef, suggesting that Os and probablythe other PGE were derived from at least two isotopically distinctsources. Moreover, these Re-Os isotopic characteristics correlatewith petrogenetic subdivisions of the Stillwater Complex basedon field mapping, petrology, REE geochemistry, and SmNdisotope geochemistry. The data are best explained by mixingof two magma types, referred to as U-type and A-type magmas,with differing major element, trace element, and precious metalabundances and isotopic compositions. Although crustally contaminatedkomatiites can mimic the Os and Nd isotopic characteristicsof the U-type magma, the combination of low initial Os isotopicvalues (Os0) with low initial Nd isotopic values (Nd1),high 207Pb/204Pb for a given 206Pb/204Pb (Wooden et al., 1991),and high (Ce/Yb)n ratios in U-type cumulates and fine-grainedsills and dykes is more consistent with the involvement of aRe-poor, but trace-element-enriched portion of the subcontinentallithospheric mantle in the petrogenesis of Stillwater U-typemagmas. However, the radiogenic initial Os isotopic compositionsof the J-M Reef and other portions of the intrusion with elevatedPGE concentrations suggest that A-type parental magmas incorporatedOs from radiogenic early Archaean crust. The relatively largerange in (Ce/Yb)n, Os, and Nd values suggests that mixing ofgeochemically distinct magmas may have been an important processthroughout the history of the Stillwater magma chamber. Magmamixing may then explain not only the PGE-enriched J-M Reef butalso the anomalous enrichment of the PGE in the B chromititeseam from the West Fork area and the variable values observedin other chromitite seams of the Ultramafic series. The intimateassociation of these magma types, derived from or modified inthe Archaean continental lithosphere, may then be crucial tothe formation of magmatic PGE mineral deposits. 相似文献
3.
Origin of Geochemical Variability by Arc-Continent Collision in the Biru Area, Southern Sulawesi (Indonesia) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Analyses of igneous rocks from the Eocene calc-alkaline andMiocene potassic volcanic arc in southwest Sulawesi indicatethat magmas became more heterogeneous in their trace elementand PbSrNd isotopic signature following the collisionof the Buton microcontinent with the arc at 相似文献
4.
Major, trace element, and Sr isotopic data are reported forvolcanic rocks from the island of Alicudi, Aeolian Arc, SouthernTyrrhenian Sea. The island is constructed of basalt, basalticandesite to high-K andesite lavas, and pyroclastites, whichshow a continuum in the variation of many major and trace elements.Total iron, MgO, CaO, Ni, Co, Sc, and Cr decrease with increasingsilica, whereas incompatible elements Rb, Ba, Th, and LREE displaythe opposite tendency. Very significant positive correlationsare defined by incompatible elements on interelemental variationdiagrams. Sr isotopic ratios vary from 070352 to 070410.Overall, basalts (070352O-70410) and basalticandesltes (070356070409) are enriched in87Sr compared with high-K andesites (O70352O70367),which display the lowest Sr isotopic ratios within the entireAeolian archipelago. Overall negative relationships exist between87Sr/86Sr and several incompatible trace element abundancesand ratios, such as Th, U, LREE, Zr, La/Yb, and Th/Hf. Otherelemental ratios such as La/Rb, Ba/Rb, and Sr/Rb show more complexbehaviour, even though negative correlations with Sr isotopicratios are observed in the basalts. The observed compositional variations are best explained interms of a model in which primitive calc-alkaline magmas evolvedby crystal-liquid fractionation to give a series of variouslydifferentiated liquids, which underwent different degrees ofinteraction with crustal material. The more mafic and hotterbasaltic liquids appear to have assimilated higher amounts ofmetamorphic wall rocks than did the cooler late erupted andesiticmagmas. This process produced significant variations of Sr isotopicratios, Rb, Cs, Rb/Sr ratios, and LILE/Rb ratios in mafic magmas,but had only minor effects on the abundances and ratios of otherincompatible elements such as Th, LREE, La/Yb, and Th/Hf. When compared with mafic rocks from other Aeolian islands, theAlicudi basalts are more primitive geochemically and isotopically.Going eastward, there is a decrease in Ni and Cr abundances,mg-number and Nd isotopic ratios which parallels an increaseof Sr isotopic ratios in basaltic rocks along the arc. Thesecompositional variations are typical of volcanic series whichhave undergone interaction with upper-crustal material, andsuggest that this process may have contributed significantlyto the regional geochemical and isotopic trends observed inthe Aeolian arc. 相似文献
5.
The magmas of the Tertiary volcanic province of S. Queenslandare chemically bimodal, and occur in numerous volcanic centres,at least three representing original shield volcanoes. The maficlavas are dominantly hawaiites and tholeiitic andesites, whereasthe silicic magmas comprise mainly trachytes, rhyolites, andcomendites. The silicic rocks exhibit variable trace element abundance patterns.There is a progressive depletion of Sr, Ba, V, Mg, Ni, Cr, Mn,and P, through the trachytes to the rhyolites and comenditeswhile the behaviour of Zr, Nb, LREE, Y and Zn is very variable.Rb, Th, and to a lesser extent Pb exhibit a more regular behaviour,becoming most generally concentrated in the comendites and rhyolites.These trace element patterns are modelled by application ofthe Rayleigh distillation model, using partition coefficientsbased on analysed phenocrysts from the S. Queensland siliciclavas. Trace mineral phases, namely zircon, chevkinite, andallanite, are shown to be important in the probable controlof LREE, Zr, and Th abundances, while Nb and Zn are probablycontrolled during fractionation by magnetite. Trace elementdata for the hawaiites and tholeiitic andesites also indicateextensive although variable levels of fractional crystallizationof these magmas. The Sr and O isotopic compositions of the mafic lavas, trachytes,comendites and rhyolites are as follows: initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios;0.703570.70456, 0.704320.70589, 0.704950.70917,and 0.707080.70863 respectively. 18O range between 5.67.0(mafic lavas), 4.98.7 (trachytes), 5.07.6 (comendites)and 8.110.4 per mil (rhyolites). Pb isotopic compositionsare variable, showing a variation of 6.7 per cent for 206Pb/204Pbratios through the range of volcanic compositions. The rhyolitesexhibit a much greater divergence in their O, Sr, and Pb isotopiccompositions compared with those of associated mafic lavas,than is found in the trachytes and comendites. Within the silicicvolcanics, positive correlations exist between 18O and initialSr ratios, and between Pb isotopic compositions and initialSr ratios (with one group of trachytes providing a noteworthyexception). These correlations are not so clearly defined forthe mafic lavas, although these do exhibit positive correlationsbetween differentiation index, 18O, and initial Sr isotope ratios. The development of the silicic magmas, excepting two groups,is interpreted in terms of a model in which assimilation andfractional crystallization occur concurrently, involving a basaltor hawaiite magma component and a crustal component (modelledon the analysed Carboniferous basement greywackes outeroppingin the region); the data indicate, however, that differentiationcontinued in isotopically closed systems (i. e. isolated fromthe wallrocks). The highly depleted Sr and Ba abundances ofthe rhyolites and comendites suggest that contamination didnot occur after differentiation had ceased. The rhyolites havethe highest isotopic input of the crustal components and areinterpreted as crustal anatectic melts, produced locally withinthe crust in response to basalt/hawaiite magma intrusion, whereasmost of the trachytes and comendites are interpreted as primarilythe differentiated products from original mafic parental magmas,with variable assimilation of crustal wallrock components. Theisotopic data suggest that only the Minerva Hills trachyticlavas, and a Glass House comendite, have not been significantlymodified by wallrock assimilation processes. The erpted maficmagmas were also evidently modified by isotopic crustal wallrockinteractions, which independent petrological data suggest hasoccurred at intermediate to lower crustal depths. 相似文献
6.
Re–Os isotope compositions of mantle-derived magmas are highly sensitive to crustal contamination because the crust and mantle have very different Os isotope compositions. Crustal contamination may trigger S saturation and thus the formation of magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulfide deposits. The ∼287-Ma Kalatongke norite intrusion of NW China are hosted in carboniferous tuffaceous rocks and contain both disseminated and massive sulfide mineralization. The Re–Os isotope compositions in the intrusion are highly variable. Norite and massive sulfide ores have γ Os values ranging from +59 to +160 and a Re–Os isochron age of 239 ± 51 Ma, whereas disseminated sulfide ores have γ Os values from +117 to +198 and a Re–Os isochron age of 349 ± 34 Ma. The variability of Os isotope compositions can be explained as the emplacement of two distinct magma pulses. Massive sulfide ores and barren norite in the intrusion formed from the same magma pulse, whereas the disseminated sulfide ores with more radiogenic Os isotopes formed from another magma pulse which underwent different degrees of crustal contamination. Re–Os isotopes may not be suitable for dating sulfide-bearing intrusions that underwent variable degrees of crustal contamination to form magmatic sulfide deposits. 相似文献
7.
Plume-Lithosphere Interactions in the Generation of the Basalts of the Kenya Rift, East Africa 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
MACDONALD R.; ROGERS N. W.; FITTON J. G.; BLACK S.; SMITH M. 《Journal of Petrology》2001,42(5):877-900
Major and trace element and SrNdPb isotopic datafor mafic volcanic rocks are used to assess the number of mantleplumes contributing to the TertiaryHolocene magmatismof the Kenya Rift Valley, current estimates of which vary fromnone to three. Rocks ranging in composition from nepheliniteto hypersthene-normative basalt have been sampled from threelithospheric zones: the Tanzanian craton, the craton marginreworked during the late Proterozoic, and the Mozambique mobilebelt. The magmas are interpreted as the products of variabledegrees of partial melting within the spinelgarnet peridotitetransition zone. Trace element and isotopic compositions fromall three zones are broadly similar to those of oceanic islandbasalts, but there is considerable compositional variation,which is related to a strong overprint from the lithosphereon plume-derived melts. Sr and Nd isotopic ratios provide theonly clear distinction between magmatic rocks from the threelithospheric domains. Within each setting, mafic magmatism hastended to become less silica undersaturated with time, and atany one locality magmatism has migrated towards the centre ofthe rift. Magmas may have formed as a result of the infiltrationof plume-derived melts into the base of the lithosphere. Theextent of interaction of inferred plume melts with the lithospherehas not varied systematically in time or space. The plume componentappears to be similar to the source of oceanic island basalts. KEY WORDS: Kenya Rift Valley; mantle plumes; geochemistry; metasomatism 相似文献
8.
Melissa J. Gregory Bruce F. Schaefer Reid R. Keays Andy R. Wilde 《Mineralium Deposita》2008,43(5):553-573
The syn-tectonic breccia-hosted Mount Isa Cu deposit in northwest Queensland is the largest sediment-hosted Cu deposit in
Australia. Whole-rock samples of chalcopyrite-rich Cu ore form an isochron with a Re–Os age of 1,372 ± 41 Ma. This age is
more than 100 Ma younger than the previously accepted age of Cu ore formation, an Ar–Ar mineral age for biotite separated
from the host rocks within the alteration envelope to the Cu orebody. This discrepancy cannot be unequivocally resolved due
to a lack of other absolute geochronological constraints for Cu mineralisation or the deformation event associated with Cu
emplacement. The 1,372 ± 41 Ma date may reflect (a) the time of Cu deposition, (b) the time of a hydrothermal event that reset
the Re–Os signature of the Cu ore or (c) mixing of the Re–Os isotope systematics between the host rocks and Cu-bearing fluids.
However, a range of published Ar–Ar and Rb–Sr dates for potassic alteration associated with Cu mineralisation also records
an event between 1,350 and 1,400 Ma and these are consistent with the 1,372 Ma Re–Os age. The 1.8 Ga Eastern Creek Volcanics
are a series of tholeiitic basalts with a primary magmatic Cu enrichment which occur adjacent to the Mount Isa Cu deposit.
The whole-rock Os isotopic signature of the Eastern Creek Volcanics ranges from mantle-like values for the upper Pickwick
Member, to more radiogenic/crustal values for the lower Cromwell Member. The Re–Os isotope signature of the Cu ores overlaps
with those calculated for the two volcanic members at 1,372 Ma; hence, the Os isotope data are supportive of the concept that
the Os in the Cu ores was sourced from the Eastern Creek Volcanics. By inference, it is therefore postulated that the Eastern
Creek Volcanics are the source of Cu in the Mount Isa deposit, as both Os and Cu are readily transported by oxidised hydrothermal
fluids, such as those that are thought to have formed the Cu orebody. The Pickwick Member yields a Re–Os isochron age of 1,833 ± 51 Ma,
which is within error of previously reported age constraints. The initial 187Os/188Os isotopic ratio of 0.114 ± 0.067 (γOs = −0.7) is slightly subchondritic, and together with other trace element geochemical
constraints, is consistent with a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source. The Pickwick Member records a minimum age of
ca. 1.95 Ga for melt depletion in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Mount Isa Inlier prior to the extraction
of the magmas which formed the Eastern Creek Volcanics. This corresponds with the end of subduction-related magmatism along
the eastern margin of the Northern Australian Craton, which included the Mount Isa Inlier. 相似文献
9.
Rare Earth Element Evidence for the Petrogenesis of the Banded Series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana, and its Anorthosites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LOFERSKI PATRICIA J.; ARCULUS RICHARD J.; CZAMANSKE GERALD K. 《Journal of Petrology》1994,35(6):1623-1649
A rare earth element (REE) study was made by isotope-dilutionmass spectrometry of plagioclase separates from a variety ofcumulates stratigraphically spanning the Banded series of theStillwater Complex, Montana. Evaluation of parent liquid REEpatterns, calculated on the basis of published plagioclase-liquidpartition coefficients, shows that the range of REE ratios istoo large to be attributable to fractionation of a single magmatype. At least two different parental melts were present throughoutthe Banded series. This finding supports hypotheses of previousworkers that the Stillwater Complex formed from two differentparent magma types, designated the anorthositic- or A-type liquidand the ultramafic- or U-type liquid. On the basis of our data,one melt has a REE pattern with a distinctive shallow slopeand is represented by samples from the thick, massive Anorthositezones I and II (AN I and AN II) of the Middle Banded series.Although samples from AN I and AN II are separated by as muchas 1400 m stratigraphically, they have remarkably similar calculatedparent liquid characteristics, with (Ce/Sm)n = 1.71.9,(Nd/Sm)n = 1.31.4 and (Ce/Yb)n = 2.94.6 (wheren denotes chondrite-normalized). These calculated liquids areprobably close to representing A-type magma. In addition, plagioclase-bronzitecumulates from Norite zones I and II (N I and N II), althoughthought to be U-type cumulates, contain plagioclase that hasA-type REE characteristics, implying that A-type magmas wereinjected into the magma chamber during formation of those zones.In contrast, calculated parent liquids of cumulus augite-bearingrocks have REE patterns that display distinctly steeper slopesthan the A-type REE pattern. The extreme is the calculated parentliquid of a plagioclase-bronzite-augite cumulated with (Ce/Sm)n= 2.9, (Nd/Sm)n = 1.7, and (Ce/Yb)n = 10.1. Analysis of published REE and Nd isotopic data for Stillwatercumulates reveals similarities between AN I, AN II, and otherthin plagioclase cumulate layers in the Lower and Upper Bandedseries, which supports the notion that they were all derivedfrom similar (A-type) parent melts. In contrast, plagioclaseseparates from cumulus augite-bearing rocks display light REEand Nd isotopic characteristics that are similar to U-type cumulatesfrom the Ultramafic series as described by previous studies.Thus far, the only cumulates from the Banded series that displayU-type REE and Nd isotopic characteristics are those that containcumulus augite. Therefore, cumulus augite appears to be an importantindicator of magmatic parentage. The REE and Nd isotopic ratios show erratic variation with stratigraphicposition, indicating that the magmas from which the Banded seriescrystallized were injected at various levels into the magmachamber. Different cumulate types crystallized from discreteliquids, as indicated by the correlation between REE signatureand cumulate type. Samples from Olivine-bearing zones III andIV (stratigraphically between AN I and AN II) display a rangein REE ratios; e.g., (Ce/Sm)n = 1.82.8 and (Ce/Yb)n =3.96.1, results that rule out the crystallization ofthe Middle Banded series from a single magma type. Furthermore,the possibility that AN I and AN II are directly related tothe underlying Ultramafic series, either as flotation cumulatesor as crystallization products of expelled liquids, is not substantiatedby the REE data because the calculated parent magma of AN Iand AN II was different from that of the Ultramafic series asdefined by previous studies. The REE data of this study further constrain interpretationsof published Pb isotopic data (Wooden et al., 1991) and indicatethat the magmas from which the Stillwater Complex formed werederived from two sources that had only small differences inPb isotopic composition. The REE and isotopic data, as wellas crystallization sequences of the two main parental magmas,indicate that the magmas were probably derived from two closelyrelated upper-mantle sources, one harzburgitic and the otherlherzolitic in composition, resulting in the U-type and A-typemagmas, from which orthopyroxene crystallized before and afterclinopyroxene, respectively. Both sources had been enrichedin large-ion lithophile elements, probably owing to mantle metasomatism. 相似文献
10.
Progressive crustal contamination of the Bushveld Complex: evidence from Nd isotopic analyses of the cumulate rocks 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Wolfgang D. Maier Nicholas T. Arndt Edward A. Curl 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2000,140(3):316-327
We report the first Nd isotopic data on the cumulate rocks of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. We analysed 17 whole-rock
samples covering 4700 m of stratigraphy through the Lower, Critical and Main Zones of the intrusion at Union Section, north-western
Bushveld Complex. The basal ultramafic portions of the complex have markedly higher ɛNd(T) (−5.3 to −6.0) than the gabbronoritic
Main Zone (ɛNd(T) −6.4 to −7.9). The rocks of the Upper Critical Zone have intermediate values. These results are in agreement
with new Nd isotope data on marginal rocks and sills in the floor of the complex that are generally interpreted as representing
chilled parental magmas, and with published Sr isotopic data, all of which show a larger crustal component in the upper part
of the intrusion. In contrast, the concentrations of many highly incompatible trace elements are decoupled from the isotopic
signatures. The basal portions of the complex have higher ratios of incompatible to compatible trace elements than the upper
portions. The variations of isotopic and trace-element compositions are interpreted in terms of a change in the nature of
the crustal material that contaminated Bushveld magmas. Those magmas that fed into the lower part of the complex had assimilated
a relatively small amount of incompatible trace-element-rich partial melt of upper crust, whereas magmas parental to the upper
part of the complex had assimilated a higher proportion of the incompatible trace-element-poor residue of partial melting.
Received: 5 October 1999 / Accepted: 7 July 2000 相似文献
11.
Petrogenesis of Mafic to Felsic Plutonic Rock Associations: the Calc-alkaline Querigut Complex, French Pyrenees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ROBERTS MALCOLM P.; PIN CHRISTIAN; CLEMENS JOHN D.; PAQUETTE JEAN-LOUIS 《Journal of Petrology》2000,41(6):809-844
The Quérigut maficfelsic rock association comprisestwo main magma series. The first is felsic comprising a granodioritetonalite,a monzogranite and a biotite granite. The second is intermediateto ultramafic, forming small diorite and gabbro intrusions associatedwith hornblendites and olivine hornblendites. A UPb zirconage of 307 ± 2 Ma was obtained from the granodioritetonalites.Contact metamorphic minerals in the thermal aureole providea maximum emplacement pressure of between 260 and 270 MPa. Petrographiccharacteristics of the mafic and ultramafic rocks suggest crystallizationat <300 MPa, demonstrating that mantle-derived magmas ascendedto shallow levels in the Pyrenean crust during Variscan times.The ultramafic rocks are the most isotopically primitive components,with textural and geochemical features of cumulates from hydrousbasaltic magmas. None of the mafic to ultramafic rocks havedepleted mantle isotope signatures, indicating crustal contaminationor derivation from enriched mantle. Origins for the dioritesinclude accumulation from granodioritetonalite magma,derivatives from mafic magmas, or hybrids. The granitic rockswere formed from broadly Proterozoic meta-igneous crustal protoliths.The isotopic signatures, mineralogy and geochemistry of thegranodioritetonalites and monzogranites suggest crystallizationfrom different magmas with similar time-integrated Rb/Sr andSm/Nd isotope ratios, or that the granodioritetonalitesare cumulates from a granodioritic to monzogranitic parent.The biotite granite differs from the other felsic rocks, representinga separate magma batch. Ages for Quérigut and other Pyreneangranitoids show that post-collisional wrenching in this partof the Variscides was under way by 310 Ma. KEY WORDS: Variscan orogeny; Pyrenees; Quérigut complex; epizonal magmatism; post-thickening; maficfelsic association 相似文献
12.
Rapid Temporal Changes in Ocean Island Basalt Composition: Evidence from an 800 m Deep Drill Hole in Eiao Shield (Marquesas) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
CAROFF MARTIAL; MAURY RENE C.; VIDAL PHILIPPE; GUILLE GERARD; DUPUY CLAUDE; COTTEN JOSEPH; GUILLOU HERVE; GILLOT PIERRE-YVES 《Journal of Petrology》1995,36(5):1333-1365
The Dominique drill hole has penetrated the volcanic shieldof Eiao island (Marquesas) down to a depth of 800 m below thesurface and 6915 m below sea-level with a percentage ofrecovery close to 100%. All the lavas encountered were emplacedunder subaerial conditions. From the bottom to the top are distinguished:quartz and olivine tholeiites (800686 m), hawaiites,mugearites and trachyte (686415 m), picritic basalts,olivine tholeiites and alkali basalts (4150 m). The coredvolcanic pile was emplaced between 556007 Ma and522006 Ma. Important chemical changes occurred during this rather shorttime span (034 013 Ma). In particular, the lowerbasalts differ from the upper ones in their lower concentrationsof incompatible trace elements and their Sr, Nd and Pb isotopicsignature being closer to the HIMU end-member, whereas the upperbasalts are EM II enriched. The chemical differences betweenthe two basalt groups are consistent with a time-related decreasein the degree of partial melting of isotopically heterogeneoussources. It seems unlikely that these isotopic differences reflectchanges in plume dynamics occurring in such a short time span,and we tentatively suggest that they result from a decreasingdegree of partial melting of a heterogeneous EM IIHIMUmantle plume. Some of the intermediate magmas (the uppermost hawaiites andmugearites) are likely to be derived from parent magmas similarto the associated upper basalts through simple fractionationprocesses. Hawaiites, mugearites and a trachyte from the middlepart of the volcanic sequence have SrNd isotopic signaturessimilar to those of the lower basalts but they differ from themin their lower 206Pb/204Pb ratios, resulting in an increasedDMM signature. Some of the hawaiites-mugearites also displayspecific enrichments in P2O5, Sr and REE which are unlikelyto result from simple fractionation processes. The isotopicand incompatible element compositions of the intermediate rocksare consistent with the assimilation of MORB-derived wall rocksduring fractional crystallization. The likely contaminant correspondsto Pacific oceanic crust, locally containing apatite-rich veinsand hydrothermal sulphides. We conclude that a possible explanationfor the DMM signature in ocean island basalts is a chemicalcontribution from the underlying oceanic crust and that studiesof intermediate rocks may be important to document the originof the isotopic features of plume-derived magmas. KEY WORDS: alkali basalt; assimilation; mantle heterogeneity; Marquesas; tholeiile
*Corresponding author 相似文献
13.
LEE DER-CHUEN; HALLIDAY ALEX N.; DAVIES GARETH R.; ESSENE ERIC J.; FITTON J. GODFREY; TEMDJIM ROBERT 《Journal of Petrology》1996,37(2):415-441
Major element, trace element and SrNdPb isotopiccompositions of ultramafic xenoliths and megacrysts from thecontinental Cameroon line provide evidence for metasomatismof the upper most lithospheric mantle by enriched melts duringthe Mesozoic The megacrysts probably crystallized within thelower continental crust from melts similar to the host magmas.All the xenoliths originated as depleted residues after theextraction of basaltic melts, but some indicate evidence ofinteraction with enriched partial melts before entrainment.The UPb isotopic data on garnet are consistent with coolingthrough >900C at >300 Ma. The SmNd isotope systematicsin constituent phases appear to have been in equilibrium ona xenolith scale at the time of entrainment, indicating derivationfrom mantle that remained at temperatures >600C until eruption.Spinel therzolies that show simple light rare earth element(LREE) depletions are characterized by isotopic compositionsthat are comparable with, but slightly more depleted than AtlanticN-MORB, suggesting that the unmetasomatized sub-continentallithosphere of the Cameroon line may be isotopically similarto that of sub-oceanic lithosphere. The Nd-depleted mantle modelages of these xenoliths are consistent with late Proterozoicdepletion, similar in age to much of the overlying continentalcrust. In contrast, samples that have LREE-enriched clinopyr-oxenes(La/Yb =4.79.4) contain trace amounts of amphibole, areenriched in U and have more radiogenic Pb and Sr. These xenolithsyield UPb and SmNd model ages consistent withMesozoic enrichment, in agreement with the age of enrichmentof the source regions of the basalts, as deduced from Pb isotopiccompositions. Clinopyroxenes record three orders of magnitudeenrichment in U and LREE accompanied by progressive K depletionassociated with the growth of trace amphibole, with K/U ratiosthat range from 12000 to 1. The ratios of the trace elementsthought to have similar bulk D in mantle melting, Ce/Pb, Ba/Rband Nd/Sr ratios, display regional variations related to thetime integrated history of enrichments indicated by Nd isotopiccompositions. Mass balance calculations suggest that the meltsresponsible for the most recent enrichment of the lithospherehad higher La/Yb and U/Pb than Cameroon line host magmas, andwere probably the product of small degrees of partial meltingassociated with the earliest stages of the breakup of Pangea. KEY WORDS: Cameroon line; mantle xenoliths; megacrysts; REE; isotopic composition; trace element 相似文献
14.
Crustal Assimilation as a Major Petrogenetic Process in the East Carpathian Neogene and Quaternary Continental Margin Arc, Romania 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
MASON PAUL R. D.; DOWNES HILARY; THIRLWALL MATTHEW F.; SEGHEDI IOAN; SZAKCS ALEXANDRU; LOWRY DAVID; MATTEY DAVID 《Journal of Petrology》1996,37(4):927-959
Miocene to Pleistocene calc-alkaline volcanism in the East Carpathianarc of Romania was related to the subduction of a small oceanbasin beneath the continental TiszaDacia microlate. Volcanicproducts are predominantly andesitic to dadtic in composition,with rare basalts and rhyodacites (51l71% SiO2; mg-number0.650.26) and have medium- to high-K calcalkaline andshoshonitic affinities. Mg, Cr and Ni are low in all rock-types,indicating the absence of primary erupted compositions. Detailedtrace element and Sr, Nd, Pb and 0 isotope data suggest thatmagmas were strongly crustally contaminated. Assimilation andfractional crystallization (AFC) calculations predict the consumptionof 535% local upper-crustal metasediments or sedimentsfrom the palaeo-accretionary wedge. Variations in the isotopiccomposition of the contaminants and parental magmas caused variationsin the mixing trajectories in different parts of the arc Themost primitive isotopic compositions are found in low-K dacitesof the northern Cdlimani volcanic centre and are interpretedas largely mantle derived. A second possible mantle reservoirof lower 149 Nd/144 Nd and lower 206 Pb/204 Pb is identifiedfrom back-arc basic calc-alkaline rocks in the south of thearc Both magmatic reservoirs have elevated isotopic characteristics,owing either to source bulk mixing (between depleted or enrichedasthenosphere and <1% average subducted local sediment) orlower-crustal contamination. KEY WORDS: Carpathians; assimilation; calc-alkaline; Sr-Nd-Pb-0 isotopes; laser flurination 相似文献
15.
Hetu C. Sheth Jyotiranjan S. Ray Ranjini Ray Loÿc Vanderkluysen John J. Mahoney Alok Kumar Anil D. Shukla Partha Das Subhrashis Adhikari Bikashkali Jana 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(3):357-380
Many tholeiitic dyke-sill intrusions of the Late Cretaceous Deccan Traps continental flood basalt province are exposed in
the Satpura Gondwana Basin around Pachmarhi, central India. We present field, petrographic, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb
isotope data on these intrusions and identify individual dykes and sills that chemically closely match several stratigraphically
defined formations in the southwestern Deccan (Western Ghats). Some of these formations have also been identified more recently
in the northern and northeastern Deccan. However, the Pachmarhi intrusions are significantly more evolved (lower Mg numbers
and higher TiO2 contents) than many Deccan basalts, with isotopic signatures generally different from those of the chemically similar lava
formations, indicating that most are not feeders to previously characterized flows. They appear to be products of mixing between
Deccan basalt magmas and partial melts of Precambrian Indian amphibolites, as proposed previously for several Deccan basalt
lavas of the lower Western Ghats stratigraphy. Broad chemical and isotopic similarities of several Pachmarhi intrusions to
the northern and northeastern Deccan lavas indicate petrogenetic relationships. Distances these lava flows would have had
to cover, if they originated in the Pachmarhi area, range from 150 to 350 km. The Pachmarhi data enlarge the hitherto known
chemical and isotopic range of the Deccan flood basalt magmas. This study highlights the problems and ambiguities in dyke-sill-flow
correlations even with extensive geochemical fingerprinting. 相似文献
16.
A suite of pyroxenites from the Beni Bousera peridotite massif,northern Morocco, have been analysed for ReOs and LuHfisotopic compositions. Measured sections of the massif indicatethat pyroxenite layers make up between 1 and 9% by volume ofthe total outcrop. Clinopyroxenes from two Cr-diopside pyroxeniteshave unradiogenic Hf isotope compositions ( 相似文献
17.
J. L. Wooden G. K. Czamanske M. L. Zientek 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,107(1):80-93
Analyses of the Pb isotopic compositions of plagioclase from 23 samples covering the stratigraphic thickness of the Stillwater
Complex indicate a narrow range of apparent initial isotopic compositions (206Pb/ 204Pb=13.95; 207Pb/204Pb=14.95–15.01; 208Pb/204Pb=33.6). The uniformity of our data is in contrast to, but not necessarily contradictory to, other recent investigations
which give indications that the complex formed by repeated injection of magmas with at least two distinct compositions that
were presumably derived from different source regions. Samples from the Basal series of the complex have consistently higher
207Pb/204Pb ratios, suggesting either minor contamination from adjacent country rocks or a slight distinction between parental magmas.
Apparent initial Pb isotopic compositions of the complex are very radiogenic compared to Late Archean model-mantle values,
but are nearly identical to initial Pb isotopic compositions found for the the adjacent, slightly older (2.73–2.79 Ga), Late
Archean crustal suite in the Beartooth Mountains. Contamination of magmas parental to the Stillwater Complex by the Late Archean
crustal suite is rejected for two reasons: (1) Th and U concentrations in Stillwater rocks and plagioclase are very low (about
0.08 and 0.02 ppm respectively), yet Th/U ratios are uniform at about 4, in contrast to the highly variable (2–26) but often
high Th/U ratios found for the Late Archean crustal complex; (2) it seems improbable that any contamination process would
have adjusted the isotopic compositions of the diverse magmas entering the Stillwater chamber to near-identical values. The
preferred hypothesis to explain the Pb isotopic data for the Stillwater Complex and the associated Late Archean crustal suite
involves a major Late Archean crust-forming event that resulted in a compositionally complex crust/mantle system with relatively
homogeneous and unusual Pb isotopic compositions. The parental magmas of the Stillwater Complex were generated at different
levels within this crust/mantle system, before isotopic contrasts could develop by radioactive decay within compositionally
discrete reservoirs. This situation limits the utility of all isotopic tracer systems in discriminating among the various
mantle and crustal reservoirs that may have affected the final isotopic character of the Stillwater magmas. The late Archean
crustal complex and the Stillwater Complex melts were ultimately derived from the same distinct mantle without obvious direct
interaction with the Middle to Early Archean crust present in the region. 相似文献
18.
The Plagioclase-Magma Density Paradox Re-examined and the Crystallization of Proterozoic Anorthosites 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Intermediate-composition plagioclase (An4060) is typicallyless dense than the relatively evolved basaltic magmas fromwhich it crystallizes and the crystallization of plagioclaseproduces a dense residual liquid, thus plagioclase should havea tendency to float in these magmatic systems. There is, however,little direct evidence for plagioclase flotation cumulates eitherin layered intrusions or in Proterozoic anorthosite complexes.The layered series of the Poe Mountain anorthosite, southeastWyoming, contains numerous anorthositeleucogabbro blocksthat constrain density relations during differentiation. Allblocks are more mafic than their hosting anorthositic cumulates,their plagioclase compositions are more calcic, and each blockis in strong Sr isotopic disequilibrium with its host cumulate.Associated structuresdisrupted and deformed layeringindicatethat (1) a floor was present during crystallization and thatplagioclase was accumulating and/or crystallizing on the floor,(2) compositional layering and plagioclase lamination formeddirectly at the magmacrystal pile interface, and (3)the upper portions of the crystal pile contained significantamounts of interstitial melt. Liquid densities are calculatedfor proposed high-Al olivine gabbroic parental magmas and Fe-enrichedferrodioritic and monzodioritic residual magmas of the anorthositestaking into account pressure, oxygen fugacity, P2O5, estimatedvolatile contents, and variable temperatures of crystallization.For all reasonable conditions, calculated block densities aregreater than those of the associated melt. The liquid densities,however, are greater than those for An4060 plagioclase,which cannot have settled to the floor. Plagioclase must eitherhave been carried to the floor in relatively dense packets ofcooled liquid plus crystals or have crystallized in situ. Asloping floor, possibly produced by diapiric ascent of relativelylight plagioclase-rich cumulates, is required to allow for drainingand removal of the dense interstitial liquid produced in thecrystal pile and may be a characteristic feature during thecrystallization of many Proterozoic anorthosites and layeredintrusions. KEY WORDS: magma; density; Proterozoic anorthosites; blocks; plagioclase 相似文献
19.
Hong-Fu Zhang Steven L. Goldstein Xin-Hua Zhou Min Sun Jian-Ping Zheng Yue Cai 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(3):271-293
The ages of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China and South China cratons are less well-constrained than
the overlying crust. We report Re–Os isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths entrained in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic
basalts from eastern China. Peridotite xenoliths from the Fuxian and Mengyin Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in the North
China Craton give Archean Re depletion ages of 2.6–3.2 Ga and melt depletion ages of 2.9–3.4 Ga. No obvious differences in
Re and Os abundances, Os isotopic ratios and model ages are observed between spinel-facies and garnet-facies peridotites from
both kimberlite localities. The Re–Os isotopic data, together with the PGE concentrations, demonstrate that beneath the Archean
continental crust of the eastern North China Craton, Archean lithospheric mantle of spinel- to diamond-facies existed without
apparent compositional stratification during the Paleozoic. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite and pyroxenite
xenoliths, on the other hand, show geochemical features indicating metasomatic enrichment, along with a large range of the
Re–Os isotopic model ages from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic. These features indicate that lithospheric transformation or refertilization
through melt-peridotite interaction could be the primary mechanism for compositional changes during the Phanerozoic, rather
than delamination or thermal-mechanical erosion, despite the potential of these latter processes to play an important role
for the loss of garnet-facies mantle. A fresh garnet lherzolite xenolith from the Yangtze Block has a Re depletion age of
∼1.04 Ga, much younger than overlying Archean crustal rocks but the same Re depletion ages as spinel lherzolite xenoliths
from adjacent Mesozoic basalts, indicating Neoproterozoic resetting of the Re–Os system in the South China Craton. 相似文献
20.
Jin-Hui Yang Fu-Yuan Wu Simon A. Wilde Lie-Wen Xie Yue-Heng Yang Xiao-Ming Liu 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(2):177-190
In situ zircon U–Pb and Hf-isotopic data have been determined for mafic microgranular enclaves and host granitoids from the
Early Cretaceous Gudaoling batholith in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China, in order to constrain the sources and petrogenesis
of granites. The zircon U–Pb age of the enclaves (120 ± 1 Ma) is identical to that of the host monzogranite (120 ± 1 Ma),
establishing that the mafic and felsic magmas were coeval. The Hf isotopic composition of the enclaves [ε
Hf(t) = +4.5 to −6.2] is distinct from the host monzogranite [ε
Hf(t) = −15.1 to −25.4], indicating that both depleted mantle and crustal sources contributed to their origin. The depleted mantle
component was not previously revealed by geochemical and Nd and Sr isotopic studies, showing that zircon Hf isotopic data
can be a powerful geochemical tracer with the potential to provide unique petrogenetic information. Some wall-rock contamination
is indicated by inherited zircons with considerably older U–Pb ages and low initial Hf isotopic compositions. Hafnium isotopic
variations in Early Cretaceous zircons rule-out simple crystal–liquid fractionation or restite unmixing as the major genetic
link between enclaves and host rocks. Instead, mixing of mantle-derived mafic magmas with crustal-derived felsic magmas, coupled
with assimilation of wall rocks, is compatible with the data.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献