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R.C. Estall 《Geoforum》1983,14(2):133-147
Studies of economic development in the USA in the 1970s emphasized the strong growth of manufacturing in non-metropolitan areas and stressed the break implied with historical patterns of spatial concentration. Much of this growth took place, however, either in counties adjacent to existing metropolitan areas or in counties where existing urban centres were, as a consequence, raised to metropolitan size. Thus when new job growth is assessed on the basis of current definitions of SMSAs, the share of national manufacturing employment contained in metropolitan centres has increased. There has been no marked break with the historical pattern which has chiefly been one of growth of manufacturing employment at the metropolitan periphery. Important variations of experience occur, however, at the regional level and also according to the size of metropolitan areas. A study of the kinds of industry concerned in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan growth and in differential regional growth helps to explain the processes involved. The increasing role of ‘non-production’ workers in manufacturing also becomes a key feature here. 相似文献
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Richard A. Rogers 《Quaternary Research》1985,23(1):130-137
This study tests the hypothesis that the number and distribution of some native American languages may be related to ice-margin changes of the Wisconsin glaciation. The analysis indicated that the number of languages per unit area is much greater in unglaciated areas of the last glacial maximum than in glaciated areas. The pattern of languge overlap between land areas sequentially exposed during deglaciation appears to indicate the direction of movement of populations from the periphery toward the core of the area once covered by the Wisconsin Ice Sheet. The data strongly indicate that North America was inhabited prior to the Wisconsin glacial maximum, because glacial maximum conditions apparently influenced linguistic distributions. Evidence suggests that ancestral Eskimo-Aleut and Na-Dene speakers occupied the northwestern edge of the continental ice mass, and that ancestral Algonquian speakers were south of the ice mass during the Wisconsin glacial maximum (approximately 18,000 yr ago). These three linguistic groups were the principal ones to spreas into areas exposed by the recession of the Wisconsin ice. 相似文献
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深部煤炭资源勘查模式及其构造控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国煤盆地构造演化的时空差异性和煤田构造格局的复杂性．是决定煤炭资源勘查难易程度,以及勘查手段的选择和勘查工程布置的首要地质因素。在分析中国东部煤炭资源特点以及深部煤炭地质勘查所面临的困难和挑战的基础上,讨论了勘查区类型和勘查模式的概念。划分出深部煤炭资源勘查区的4种基本类型：①老矿区深部或外围勘查区;②深部新区勘查区;③复杂地质条件勘查区;④生产矿井深部煤层勘查区。总结了不同勘查区类型的地质构造特征,建立了与之相适应的勘查模式。 相似文献
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安徽庐枞地区铁-铜矿成矿规律与找矿 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
构建庐枞地区燕山期Fe、Cu、Au成矿系列,根据成矿构造背景和含矿岩浆岩特点,将其划分为3个成矿亚系列:以矽卡岩型Cu、Mo、Au矿为主的亚系列,以矽卡岩型Fe及Fe、Cu矿为主的亚系列和以玢岩铁矿为主的火山--次火山岩型铁矿亚系列。该区具较大找矿远景的靶区有:①沙溪铜(金)找矿靶区;②清水塘—岳山铁、锌找矿靶区;③井边—巴家滩铜矿找矿靶区。其中,井边—巴家滩地区成矿地质条件良好,深部存在斑岩型铜矿的可能性较大,具有寻找大型斑岩型铜矿的找矿远景,应对该区进行深入研究和普查评价工作,以实现庐枞盆地内部铜矿找矿的突破。经预测,应对泥河、罗河和龙桥等大型超亿吨铁矿外围进行勘探,以达到建立20～25亿吨大型钢铁基地的目标。 相似文献
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Traditional models of urban development are no longer adequate to describe current metropolitan transformations. These are
now at the centre of a debate concerning management and administration. In Italy, delays in resolving problems of urban and
metropolitan government, despite the legal framework provided by Law 142/90, have weighed heavily on the larger urban areas
of the country: Rome, Naples, Milan, which have not been able to tackle the issue of metropolitan government. Recent legislation,
while not providing a pre-defined institutional solution, allows separate administrative districts to collectively establish
metropolitan institutions of `variable geometry'. The Milan urban area is not one city, but a system of mutually-dependent
cities, linked to each other and the rest of the world by a transport network still requiring much investment. The vitality
of its economic structure (especially its small firms) is held back by seriously inadequate infrastructure and low external
economic efficiency. The provincial capital may boast `historic centrality' but the most interesting potential for development
is to be found on the periphery and in the administrative districts immediately surrounding it, in the recovery of derelict
industrial areas and dormitory towns established in the 1950s and 1960s, especially to the north. Recovery of derelict areas,
green areas, and better transport links within the urban area and with the outside world are the key elements in the reorganization
of `Greater Milan'. In this situation of rapid transformation the most appropriate political strategies involve negotiated
planning.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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产业转移背景下区域工业碳排放时空格局演变——以泛长三角为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产业转移背景下区域能源消费、碳排放格局时空格局变化是近期研究者关注的热点。以处于产业转移期的泛长三角地区为例,以工业能源消费为对象,分析了1990,1995,2000,2005和2010年5个年份碳排放的空间格局和演变规律,探索了产业转移对碳排放格局演变的影响。结果表明,1990年以来工业碳排放稳步增长,高值区集中于长三角核心区;碳排放增长的区域差异较大,热点区域由长三角核心区向外围区转移;碳排放格局发生变化,排放重心呈现先东南向、后西北向移动的态势;工业重心和碳排放重心空间分离,但移动过程类似。研究认为,产业转移所引起的各地区工业产值、产品结构和碳排放强度的变化,与碳排放格局变化具有较大关联性,是影响区域碳排放格局变化的重要因素。 相似文献
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Grain growth simulations using the microstructure simulation system Elle have been performed in materials with a pre‐existing grain shape foliation. As might be expected, the foliation is destroyed by the end of the experiment, and grain areas have increased by a factor of seven. The area of material swept by the migrating grain boundaries was monitored, and it was found that at every stage, virtually all of the grains which survived the grain growth process contain one and only one core of ‘unswept’ material. Remarkably these remnant unswept cores preserve a useable record of the initial grain size and the orientation of the grain shape foliation. This work suggests that, even for samples where no equivalent protolith can be found, it may be possible to see past a grain growth episode to estimate the original grain shape and grain size of the rock, and perhaps even reconstruct the grain boundary kinematics. In addition the identification of unswept cores has the potential to help unravel the evolution of grain boundary chemistry in rocks during metamorphism. As an example of a natural system showing these microstructures, we describe a peridotite from Almklovdalen, Norway. This peridotite was infiltrated by aqueous fluids at several stages during late Caledonian exhumation and retrogressive metamorphism. Grain boundary migration associated with the last of these infiltration events swept off abundant intragranular fluid inclusions in the original chlorite‐peridotite. At the grain scale, microstructural mapping of the fluid inclusion rich areas shows that, as with the numerical simulations, many of the grains retain exactly one core of unswept material. Examples of other natural systems discussed include dislocation density distributions and trace element zoning. 相似文献
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甲玛铜多金属矿经过一年的勘探工作,发现矿区外围工业矿体仍未圈闭,其找矿潜力巨大。为了验证在周边区域存在矿化的可能性,笔者运用遥感技术对矿区及其周边区域进行成矿预测研究,力图能为甲玛的进一步勘查提供依据。文中运用ETM+图像进行主成分分析、比值分析、MNF变换,通过蒙赛尔变换,形成HLS图像,根据Fe3+、Si、OH-在解译图像中显示出高亮度反射的特点,设定阈值,从而提取遥感矿化蚀变信息。解译结果与矿区IKONOS图像的蚀变、岩性解译结果相吻合,蚀变提取形态一致,从而确定了ETM+图像信息提取结果的正确性,证实了在甲玛及其外围采用ETM+图像提取与矿化有关的信息是可行的。引入ETM+图像TM6波段,合成746假彩色图像进行构造信息的解译,并综合构造的、蚀变的、地质的研究成果,利用GIS技术进行信息的分层提取和叠加分析,在甲玛铜多金属矿矿区周边圈定了6个找矿远景区,这些远景区主要分布在甲玛矿区的周围及其北部一定的辐射范围内,是甲玛矿区外围找矿的重点。目前该研究区域除甲玛、驱龙外,其他地方的勘查程度均较低,但文中采用ETM+图像提取各种成矿信息,再用高空间分辨率的IKONOS图像提取成矿信息,开展对比研究,验证了圈定的找矿远景区的客观性和正确性,从而可用于指导甲玛的外围及冈底斯成矿带的区域找矿勘查实践。 相似文献
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CGE与GIS集成的中国城市增长情景模拟框架研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立机理和空间明确的城市模拟模型,对刻画我国城市未来情景、推演城市增长的环境影响、解释城市增长复杂性具有重要意义。现有的城市模拟模型偏重于对单个城市或城市区域进行模拟,大多缺乏可靠的经济学基础。通过有效集成CGE模型、GIS空间分析和格网动力学模型,采用多区域可计算一般均衡模型将分散的城市模拟模型连接成为相互作用的“城市模型体系”,提出一个经济机理和地理参考明确的、多维度、多尺度、可运行的中国城市未来模拟模型框架,阐述其假设、逻辑、主要内容与关键技术。 相似文献
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川北阿坝地区三叠系粘土矿物特征及地质意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
分析了川北阿坝地区三叠系泥质岩的岩石矿物组合、粘土矿物类型、伊利石结晶度和镜质体反射率特征,并以此划分成岩演化阶段及变质程度。以成岩作用—极低级变质作用的研究方法,明确了阿坝地区成岩作用及极低级变质作用的上、下界限及区域分布规律:以唐克为中心的地区处于成岩作用晚期阶段,成岩作用温度200～212℃,伊利石结晶度IC≥0.42;周围地区处于极低级变质作用阶段,成岩作用温度212～222℃,伊利石结晶度IC<0.42。镜质体反射率(Ro)也具有同样的演化规律。对该地区域上成岩演化的差异及原因作如下解释:由于构造活动的远近程效应存在差异,该地区的周缘明显受到构造作用的影响,因叠加动力变质而达到极低级变质作用阶段;唐克位于阿坝地块中心,受构造作用的影响相对较小,因而处于成岩作用晚期阶段。 相似文献
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合理开发、利用并保护洞穴遗址是传承和发扬遗址文化的重要前提。文章以桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址为例,通过对遗址的探测与监测,在认识遗址水文地质单元和地下水特征的基础上,识别其在保存与开发过程中存在的问题,从而提出保护遗址的可能措施,同时也为类似条件洞穴遗址的保护提供参考。研究结果表明甑皮岩遗址的三个保护区存在的问题各不相同:核心保护区主要面临化学侵蚀的风险;一级保护区现有的保护手段缺乏多样性;二级保护区存在监测力度不够的问题。据此提出以下措施:(1)核心保护区应深入研究地下水和还原环境对文化层侵蚀作用的机制;(2)一级保护区应加强对污水排放的管理,增多保护洞穴遗址的形式和手段;(3)二级保护区应加大对环境指标的监测力度,管控保护区范围内工程的建设。由此扩展到一般性洞穴遗址的保护措施有:建立能够显示环境动态的长期监测体系;采用3S技术建立监测网络并辅助规划决策;规范洞穴遗址的勘查与规划管理;多途径提高洞穴遗址保护的宣传力度和公众的参与乐趣。 相似文献
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The development corridor concept has been regarded as an important development instrument in spatial planning and geography for many decades. Expanding literature on the theme indicates that development centres or nodes play an important role in the establishment of such corridors. Flows of goods and information between such centres are essential in creating conditions that are potentially favourable for further urban development along the communication axes connecting such centres. Combined, the various nodes form a unique flexible exchange environment allowing for dynamic synergies of interactive growth to achieve scope economies aided by fast and reliable corridors of transport and communication infrastructure. In the South African development sphere, there is strong belief that functional relationships between nodes can play a decisive role in the establishment of development corridors. The research showed that the degree to which economic activities are concentrated in the greater Gauteng region; the resulting current or emerging multinodal structural composition; and the flows of economic activities between the various nodes result in the creation of development corridors that channel and focus economic growth between networks of cities. This confirms the importance of corridors as spatial and economic development instruments. The research concluded that the core cities of Johannesburg and Pretoria are the central driving force in corridor development in Gauteng. They feature as the most dominant nodes, exerting great forces of attraction on the distribution of development and economic growth in the region. The research also suggests a degree of polycentrism whereby economic growth is channelled between networks of cities, however development potential is most favourable in areas in close proximity to primary centres and tends to be functionality driven. 相似文献
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基于遥感计算云平台高原山区植被覆盖时空演变研究——以贵州省为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为揭示喀斯特山区植被时空变化规律,选取2000-2018年间1 748景30 m分辨率Landsat-NDVI影像,结合35个气象站点数据,辅以像元二分模型、线性趋势分析及地理探测器等方法,对贵州省19年间年植被覆盖度进行定量估算,分析其植被覆盖度时空变化特征及驱动因素。结果表明:（1）贵州省中、高植被覆盖度以上的区域面积占比约63%,其中高植被覆盖度区域面积占21.16%,主要集中分布于碎屑岩地区。（2）近19年来,贵州省植被覆盖度总体缓慢趋好,年均增长速率为0.4%,严重石漠化样区多年最大植被覆盖度均值始终低于整体植被覆盖度均值。（3）研究期间贵州省植被覆盖度以轻微改善、基本不变两个等级为主,两者面积比重之和约为95.4%,退化区域主要分布在城镇周边,面积比重约为3.8%。（4）气象因素、地理区位各因子间交互作用对植被覆盖度空间格局影响大于单因子作用。综上所述,城镇面积扩展、石漠化治理工程、地理区位及气象因素等是影响植被恢复与生态环境重建的关键要素,研究植被覆盖度多年动态特征力求为相关部门的水土保持、生态环境保护及石漠化治理提供重要的基础数据及科学参考。 相似文献
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围绕加强国内稀土资源勘探和增储上产的迫切需求,笔者在综合研究前期地质资料的基础上,对攀西牦牛坪外围龙家沟开展了以稀土找矿为主的多学科交叉综合调查评价工作。经钻探验证,龙家沟ZK001孔深部发育厚大高品位稀土矿体,科研指导找矿取得突破性进展。161件岩芯样品电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析结果表明：钻孔ZK001总稀土氧化物（TREO）平均含量达4.87%,见矿视厚度125.76 m,核心部位高品位矿段超过60%。牦牛坪外围龙家沟厚大隐伏稀土矿体的发现与钻探验证,扩大了牦牛坪稀土矿外围的成矿前景,是科技创新指导找矿突破的又一典型实践。随着冕宁-德昌稀土成矿带成矿机制、精准勘查理论技术难题的突破、交叉学科以及模拟技术的应用,将进一步带动该区稀土找矿工作。今后,有必要持续开展牦牛坪外围稀土矿产综合地质调查工作,大幅提升中国第二大稀土资源基地的资源保障能力,对确保中国稀土资源的绝对优势地位具有重要现实意义。 相似文献