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1.
白浮监测点断层土壤气的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中介绍了北京南口—孙河断裂带上白浮断层土壤气四个不同集气深度H_2/Ar,N_2/Ar,CO_2/Ar,~4He/~(20)Ne,~4He/~(40)/Ar,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值与地震活动,降雨等的关系,得到各项指标的变化与地震的发生具有一定的关系,但受季节变化的影响。通过断层剖面的工作,证明该断层具有较强的活动性。 相似文献
2.
在研究板内或板间地震中,进行地表直接观测的构造地貌法,是地震地质工作者的重要工具。我们据此求取近代区域应力场和断层运动速率等参数。 我国地震地质工作在广阔区域内试验性地将国外(主要是美国)关于断崖一年龄关系的研究方法(R.E.Wallase,1970;T.C.Hanks 1984)引进,并普遍重视了河谷动态与时间关系的应用。使得近代地质工作定量化研究有了新的飞跃。 相似文献
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前人对野马河—大雪山断裂肃北段的晚第四纪活动特征研究相对薄弱,缺少有关断层最新活动的证据。本文在高分辨率遥感解译的基础上,对肃北断裂开展全段1∶5 000的地质地貌填图,通过探槽开挖、放射性碳(~(14)C)测年以及低空无人机摄影测量(small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,简称sUAV)等工作,对该断裂晚第四纪活动性进行系统研究。发现肃北断裂为一条全新世的逆冲活动断裂,晚第四纪以来具有多期活动,西水沟探槽剖面揭示出2次古地震事件,古地震离逝时间为(4 192.5±97.5)a B.P.之后。 相似文献
4.
近几年来,日本名古屋大学理学部杉崎隆一和志知龙一研究了断层气体中 He/Ar 和N_2/Ar(He-氦,Ar-氩,N-氮)的变化与地震的关系。他们自1976年以来,连续地观测了断层气体的这两个比值。结果表明,在名古屋震级 M≥4的有感地震前,He/Ar 和 N_2/Ar的值都会升高,一般在出现峰值以后就会发生地震。因此,他们认为,断层气体中的 He/Ar和 N_2/Ar 值的变化是地震的一种前兆。他们 相似文献
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马厂箐铜矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体He-Ar同位素体系 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
对马厂箐斑岩型铜矿黄铁矿中流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素研究表明,在~3He/~(36)Ar-~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar和~(40)Ar/~4He-Rc/Ra空间,流体包裹体的氦.氩同位素组成呈明显的正相关.由这种相关性确定出,成矿流体为地壳和地幔两个端元流体的混合物.其中,前者为富含地壳氦但具空气氩同位素组成特征、贫硫和碳等挥发份的大气成因低温地下水,后者为由形成马厂箐富碱斑岩体之壳慢混合岩浆分异出的富含硫和碳等挥发份的高温岩浆流体. 相似文献
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北京城北塔院断层土壤气中的He~4/Ne~(20),He~4/Ar~(40),Ar~(40)/Ar~(36),CH_4/CH_4~(16),CO_2/Ar和N_2/Ar比值与1990年7月21日大海坨4.5级地震和1990年9月22日沙河东4.0级地震有很好的对应关系,而且在1991年1月29日山西忻州5.1级地震,2月20日高丽营3.0级地震和3月26日大同5.8级地震前后,He~4/Ar~(40)和Ar~(40)/Ar~(36)的值均有异常变化。并且利用塔院断层土壤气中CO_2/Ar,N_2/Ar,CH_4/CH_4~(16),He~4/Ne~(20),He~4/Ar~(40)和Ar~(40)/Ar~(36)的值,在地震前10天和1天预报了9月22日沙河东4.0级地震。同样,根据He~4/Ar~(40)和Ar~(40)/Ar~(36)的异常变化,于3月9日向地震局值班室汇报了异常情况。研究表明,气体地球化学的这几项指标能确切地反映地壳深处应力变化的信息。 相似文献
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唐山古冶、 滦县地区中小地震活动与构造关系研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
小震活动与断层运动紧密相关, 小震定位技术已逐渐成为地震断层破裂、 发震构造研究中不可或缺的手段。 本文采用双差定位法对唐山地区1978—2011年内发生地震进行重新定位, 以地震学与构造地质学为理论基础, 着眼于唐山地震构造系统与滦县地震构造系统的交汇区, 对连续、 丰富的地震数据进行时间、 空间综合分析, 发现古冶东侧出现一条新生地震带。 开滦煤矿地质资料证实了该新生地震带展布与徐家楼—王喜庄基岩断层完全重合, 推测2010年MS4.2地震与2012年MS4.8地震均由徐家楼—王喜庄断层活动引起, 应加强该区地震监测工作。 相似文献
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北京地区部分碳酸盐糜棱岩和碳酸盐假熔岩碳氧同位素组成的测试结果表明,碳酸盐岩在发生塑性变形时其δ13C、δ18O值均有不同程度的降低。同位素证据表明,碳酸盐糜棱岩的形成温度较低,并具有缓慢冷却的生成环境;碳酸盐假熔岩具有高温淬冷的同位素地球化学特征,它的形成可能与发震断层的迅速破裂过程有关。研究断层面附近产出的碳酸盐岩的稳定同位素组成对确认古地震事件是有意义的 相似文献
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《地震地质》2021,43(4)
带的北延部分,因此加强其活动性研究对深入认识滇西北地区地震地质背景和川滇块体边界构造变形机制具有重要的理论和实际意义。文中依据1︰5万活动断裂填图和国家自然基金项目研究成果,重点介绍了马头水、石岩、玉狮场等探槽揭示出的断裂最新活动时代和沿线古地震事件,结果表明,玉狮场—平坡段为全新世活动段并存在多次古地震事件。马头水探槽揭示出的3条断层断错晚更新世—全新世洪积扇堆积,断错的最新地层的年代为(638±40) a BP和(1 335±23) a BP。石岩探槽西段揭露的3条断层断错的最新地层的~(14)C测年结果分别为(4 383±60) a BP、(4 337±52) a BP和(4 274±70) a BP;探槽东段同样揭示发育了3条断层,主断层下盘断错的最新地层的~(14)C年代为(9 049±30) a BP,上盘断错的2套断塞塘堆积的~(14)C测年结果分别为(1 473±41) a BP和(133±79) a BP。玉狮场探槽揭示出发育了5条活动断层,其中F_1与F_2断错灰白色含砾黏土和黑色泥炭质土,前者的~(14)C测年结果为(1 490±30) a BP,后者的~(14)C测年结果分别为(1 390±30) a BP和(1 190±30) a BP; F_3与F_4断错灰白色含砾黏土、黑色泥炭质土及上部褐黄色含砂黏土,褐黄色含砂黏土的OSL年龄为(0.6±0.2) ka; F_5断层断错的黏土层的~(14)C年龄为(1 490±30) a。盖场探槽揭示出地震楔、软沉积构造变形和砂脉等古地震现象,垂直错距35cm,估计此次地震事件的时间约为28 000a BP,震级达7级。玉狮场探槽揭示了2次地震事件,第1次事件的时间为(1 490±30)～(1 390±30) a BP;第2次事件的时间约为距今600a,推测震级达7级。马头水探槽揭示出垂直错距约1m的地震事件,发生时间约为600a BP,据地震破裂带的长度、宽度、陡坎高度、位错量并结合宜良M≥7地震和缅甸东吁7.3级地震的经验,认为此次地震的震级≥7级。 相似文献
11.
Saline seepage zone development, and hence the onset of dryland salinity, is a major environmental problem occurring within the Spicers Creek catchment. The primary objective of this paper was to identify previously unmapped faults and show the correlation between these faults and groundwater salinization. As identified from this study, there is a close association between geological structural features and the formation of saline seepage zones. The most saline groundwaters in the catchment were encountered where two geological structures join and form a fault intersection. These saline groundwaters are found at various depths within the fractured aquifers, and changes in groundwater chemistry in the aquifers are associated with the presence of fault zones. 18O and δ2H stable isotopes, together with 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios, indicate that groundwaters within the fault zones are enriched in 18O and have a strontium signature similar to seawater. This study identifies several geological structures in the Spicers Creek catchment and demonstrates that groundwaters with the highest salinity arise where fault intersections occur. The results of this study may be used to interpret further the mechanisms leading to seepage zone formation in dryland salinity‐affected catchments located throughout the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了解决我国地震地下流体流动监测网络布设中目前存在的一些问题,以“坚固体孕震模式”为理论基础,以西秦岭北缘断裂带为研究对象,通过高密度地下流体背景值探测,结合地壳垂直形变特征以及地震活动性特征,寻找区域活动断裂带流体与形变以及地震活动的耦合段及断层气响应的灵敏点,综合判断断裂带活动分段性。断层形变、地震活动与地下流体活动有着良好的对应性与耦合关系,震源区均表现为“断层闭锁区”特性,发震地点都显示出一种相对平静的状态。基于以上研究,形成从活动断裂带—“坚固体”闭锁段—近震区前兆场地的追踪思路,规划具有一定物理预报思想的标准化断层气流动观测方案,并建立研究区域观测网络的雏形。这对今后全国地震重点危险区流体流动监测台网布设提供技术思路,并为我国地震预报、震情跟踪及防震减灾工作提供重要依据。 相似文献
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THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PANGUSI-XINXIANG FAULT IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF TAIHANG MOUNTAINS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is a great-scale, deep-incising buried active fault in the southern margin of the Taihang Mountains. In order to find out the location, characteristics, structure and activities of Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault, shallow reflection profiles with six lines crossing the buried faults were carried out. In this paper, based on the high-resolution seismic data acquisition technology and high-precision processing technology, we obtained clear images of underground structures. The results show that Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is a near EW-trending Quaternary active fault and its structural features are different in different segment. The middle part of the fault behaves as a south-dipping normal fault and controls the north boundary of Jiyuan sag; The eastern part of the fault is a north-dipping normal fault and a dividing line of Wuzhi uplift and Xiuwu sag. The shallow seismic profiles reveal that the up-breakpoint of the Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault is at depth of 60~70m, which offsets the lower strata of upper Pleistocene. We infer that the activity time of this fault is in the lower strata of late Pleistocene. In this study, not only the location and characteristics of Pangusi-Xinxiang Fault are determined, but also the reliable geological and seismological evidences for the fault activity estimation are provided. 相似文献
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地表观察和浅层高分辨率地震探测表明 ,唐山断裂与地震地表主破裂带的位置、产状均一致 ,且具有高角度西倾的逆冲走滑性质 ,发生过右旋水平错动和向东逆冲的垂直活动 ,而次破裂带与褶皱构造活动引起的其他断裂直接相关。根据瞬变磁场和深地震探测结果分析 ,唐山地区存在莫霍面斜坡和地壳“背斜”、中地壳水平滑脱和扩展断裂、上地壳高角度逆冲走滑断裂和背向斜构造 ,它们组成 1幅多层次、多级序的复式逆断裂 -扩展背斜构造图像 ,控制了唐山地震的孕育和发生 相似文献
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Along the northern piedmont of Mt. Lishan, the characteristics and locations of the active normal Lishan fault in west of Huaqing Pool provide important evidences for determining the seismotectonic environment, seismic stability evaluation of engineering in the eastern Weihe Basin. After reviewing the results from high-density resistivity method, seismic profile data, geological drillhole section and trenching in west of the Huaqing Pool, it is found that the strike of western normal Lishan Fault changes from EW direction at the eastern part to the direction of N60°W, and the fault consists of two branches, dipping NE with a high dip angle of~75°. The artificial shallow seismic profile data reveals that the attitude of strata near Lishan Fault mainly dips to south, which is presumed to be related to the southward tilt movement of Mt. Lishan since the Cenozoic. The section of geological drillhole reveals that since the late middle Pleistocene, the displacement of the paleo-soil layer S2 is about 10m. And the maximum displacement of western Lishan Fault recorded in the paleo-soil layer S1 reaches 7.8m since the late Pleistocene.
In addition, evidences from trench profile show that the western Lishan Fault was active at least 3 times since Malan loess deposition with 14 C dating age(32 170±530)Cal a BP. The multiple activities of the Lishan Fault result in a total displacement about 3.0m in the Malan loess layer L1. The latest activity of the western Lishan Fault produced a displacement of about 0.9m in the early Holocene loess layer L0((8 630±20)Cal a BP)and caused obvious tensile cracks in the Holocene dark leoss layer S0((4 390±20)Cal a BP). Briefly, we have obtained a vertical movement rate of about 0.11~0.19mm/a since the Holocene((8 630±20)Cal a BP)in the western extension of the Lishan Fault, the recurrence interval of earthquakes on the fault is about(10.7±0.5)ka, and the co-seismic surface rupture in a single event is inferred to be about 0.9m. 相似文献
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Anqiu-Juxian Fault is an important fault in the Tanlu fault zone, with the highest seismic risk, the most recent activity date, and the most obvious surface traces. Due to lack of credible geological evidences, there is big controversy on the Holocene activity in the Jiangsu segment of this fault. Research on the characteristics of late Quaternary activity in the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, particularly its latest activity time, is of great significance to assessment of its earthquake ability and seismic risk. Based on field investigations on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, and combining with the results of fault activities identification on this fault in Suqian City, we discussed the characteristics of its activities in late Quaternary. Multiple geological sections we found in this study and the results of fault activities identification in Suqian City all indicate that there was an ancient seismic event occurring in middle period of Holocene in the segment from southern Maling Mountain to Suqian City; but the trench at Houchen village did not show any evidence of Holocene activity on the Chonggangshan segment of this fault. Based on method of shallow seismic exploration, we carried out a systematic exploration of this fault to get its accurate position and activity characteristics. The results show that Anqiu-Juxian Fault in Suqian City is mainly characterized by dextral strike-slip, associated with both thrusting and extensional movement in different positions. A series of low hills were formed along the fault in the north of Suqian City, and a small graben basin was formed in the south of Suqian City, both are controlled by the dextral strike-slip movement of this fault. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault in general is characterized by dextral strike-slip with thrusting movement. But some parts of it are characterized by dextral strike-slip with extensional movement. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault experienced a number of activities since the late Quaternary, with an obvious activity in Holocene. The seismic activities of Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault have the characteristic of high intensity and low frequency. Its activities decrease gradually from north to south as a whole. 相似文献
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中低温对流型地热系统在阐明地区构造活动性、地热资源形成与分布、水-岩相互作用以及有用元素富集成矿等方面具有十分重要的意义。而水作为地热系统的载体,研究其同位素变化机制是分析此系统中水-岩相互作用和地热水来源的必要前提。文中统计了中国大陆前人发表的167个温泉水与同一地区冷水的氢同位素(δD值)资料,并讨论了这些温泉水与区域活动构造的空间分布关系。结果表明,温泉水δD值均低于同一地区冷水,且91.11%的温泉发育于活动构造周边。文中还对造成温泉水δD值低于冷水的原因进行了分析: 主要是水由地表向地下渗透的过程中,水分子H-D同位素产生分馏作用(深循环作用),且分馏速率与温度相关,温度越高H-D分馏作用越明显; 其次,对于围岩中含高岭土矿物的地区,水与高岭土的H-D同位素也可能发生交换反应,从而降低温泉水中D同位素的含量。 相似文献
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APPLICATION OF STABLE OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TO THE VERIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER ANOMALIES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Identifying the source of the observed fluid anomalies is a major tast in verifying the anomalies in seismic subsurface fluid research. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are proved to be effective to trace the underground fluid origin and its development. In this study, we summarized the basic principles, water sampling and testing techniques in recognizing the fluid anomalies by using the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. We also enumerated the related applications in analyzing the sudden water level increase and the rapid shifting from limpid water to murky. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes analysis can be used to verify the macroscopic underground fluid anomalies, such as subsurface water temperature, water level and chemical component changes, and the wide use of this method in seismic subsurface fluid research will be helpful to identify the tectonic or non-tectonic related influencing factors to the fluid anomalies. 相似文献