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三趾马红粘土的粒度组成特征及其地质意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
黄河中游三趾马红粘土的粒度组成特征是以粉土（０．０５－０．００５ｍｍ）粒级为主，且粗粉土（０．０５—０．０１ｍｍ）粒级含量为所有粒级含量之冠，缺乏大于０．２５ｍｍ颗粒．主要粒级百分含量、粒度分布概率曲线显示出与黄土及现代风尘极为相似的面貌，表明三趾马红粘土为风力搬运的粉尘堆积． 相似文献
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郧县前坊村剖面黄土-古土壤序列风化成壤及古气候研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦岭作为我国南方和北方地理、气候、自然环境的天然分界线,并当作是黄土高原的南屏障。汉江上游谷地地区位于秦岭南侧,属于北亚热带气候区域,受季风气候活动影响强烈。为了探讨该地区在亚热带气候背景下,风成黄土成壤改造对气候变化的响应机制,通过对汉江上游谷地前坊村（QFC）剖面磁化率、烧失量、粒度、Rb/Sr等理化性质进行研究。结果表明:①末次冰期以来沙尘暴很有可能越过秦岭在其南侧堆积,黄土-古土壤剖面地层序列从上到下依次为:MS-L0-S0-Lt-L1-AD;这些沉积物完整记录了一级阶地上晚更新世气候变化信息,地层单元受到各个时期不同程度成壤强度的改造。②前坊村剖面中,理化性质在不同地层单元有显著差异。例如磁化率、烧失量、Rb/Sr指标平均含量的高值出现在古土壤层中,低值出现在黄土层;而Zr/Rb含量变化正好相反;这些理化性质表明,在古土壤发育期,水热条件进入最适宜期,沉积物的风化成壤作用显著;在黄土堆积期,气候寒冷干燥,主要以粉尘堆积为主,沉积物的风化成壤作用较弱。③秦岭南侧北亚热带汉江上游前坊村一级阶地剖面化学风化强度变化揭示了黄土-古土壤环境气候变化的规律:末次冰期以来（大约18.0～11.5 ka B.P.）,气候干冷,沙尘暴频繁出现,沉积物以黄土堆积为主,成壤作用微弱,形成马兰黄土（L1）;全新世早期（约11.5～8.5 ka B.P.）,气候由干冷向暖湿方向转变,但主要以干冷为主,形成过渡层（Lt）;在全新世大暖期（8.5～3.1 ka B.P.）,气候条件达到最优阶段,水热配合较好,生物活动活跃,成壤作用十分显著,发育了古土壤S0;到了全新世晚期以来（3.1 ka B.P.）气候又由暖湿向干冷方向转变,成壤作用明显减弱,沙尘暴出现较为频繁,形成了以黄土堆积为主的全新世黄土（L0）。现代表土层（MS）是在（1.5 ka B.P.）以来气候转暖,加之人类长期农业耕作扰动,在全新世黄土L0顶部叠加而形成的。 相似文献
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中国风成黄土及其形成下限研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
“中国岩漠·砾漠·沙漠·黄土分布与主风向关系图”显示西北地区的第四纪黄土堆积是以风力为主的综合因素所形成，即就地起沙，近沙成土，一定地域的黄土在物源上隶属于一定地区的沙漠。黄土高原及新疆天山、昆仑山北麓的黄土地层结构的综合对比研究表明，典型风成黄土在不同地域和不同地貌单元上最早开始堆积的层位基本上是一致的，即均始于所有黄土剖面中的下粉砂层（Ｌ＿（１５））。该层以下的第四纪沉积类型因地而异，为非黄土沉积（湖相、冲洪积相及火山岩相等）。由黄土高原各代表性剖面的磁性地层学研究及新疆于田黄土下伏的安山玄武岩的同位素年龄测定获得黄土层开始堆积的时代为早更新世晚期，约１．２ＭａＢ．Ｐ。风成黄土的开始堆积是与黄土南缘各造山带（昆仑山、天山、祁连山及秦岭等）强烈的新构造隆升并产生区域环境效应有成因联系。这一更新世早期的事件层位得到了古生物学、新构造学、地貌学及地外物体高速撞击地球表面所产生的玻璃陨石等事件的佐证。 相似文献
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黄土的显微结构与古气候的关系 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
黄土的显微结构特征是黄土粉尘物质堆积之后在特定气候条件和特定自然地理环境中形成的。我国黄土高原晚更新世黄土的显微结构特征反映出晚更新世黄土形成时西北部干旱而东南比较湿润的气候状况,与现今高原区的气候环境区域性变化相一致。根据黄土的显微结构特征,并考虑到黄土的主要化学成分以及磁化强度,黄土高原区晚更新世黄土自西北而东南可以划分为呈逐渐过渡关系的弱风化成土黄土、中等风化成土黄土、较显著风化成土黄土和显著风化成土黄土,它们分别是在干旱、半干旱、半干旱—半显润和半湿润的气候环境中形成的。 相似文献
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８０年代中期，中国和瑞士科技工作者开始联合进行黄土￣（１０）Ｂｅ研究。建立了黄土￣（１０）ＢｅＡＭＳ测量的理想流程，发现了￣（１０）Ｂｅ在黄土地层良好保存性等重要地球化学行为特征，确认了黄土￣（１０）Ｂｅ研究具有重要意义。对洛川黄土剖面０．４～１３８ｍ段６００多个样品进行了￣（１０）Ｂｅ测定，建立了２．５Ｍａ以来大陆堆积物同位素记录曲线。地磁极性倒转期间，￣（１０）Ｂｅ浓度平均增高２０～２５％、持续２０～３０ｋａ。洛川、西峰黄土剖面￣（１０）Ｂｅ变化与深海沉积物δ￣（１８）Ｏ变化之间均存在极好相关性，据此建立了７５万年以来黄土地层相对￣（１０）Ｂｅ时标；黄土堆积速率与各时期￣（１０）Ｂｅ沉降通量之间亦存在良好的线性相关关系，据此可望建立￣（１０）Ｂｅ绝对时标。探讨了Ｒａｉｓｂｅｃｋ峰事件、￣（１０）Ｂｅ／￣（２６）Ａｌ比值等在黄土地层定年中的应用前景和途径。引入物理意义明确的“磁性物质通量”概念，建立了￣（１０）Ｂｅ—磁化率模型，定量估算出磁化率中降尘和成壤两组分相对贡献，求得洛川区域Ｓ＿０、Ｌ＿１、Ｓ＿１三时期年均降水量。精确测定了黄土石英中“就地”成因￣（１０）Ｂｅ含量，获得不同时期黄土源区侵蚀速率。 相似文献
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中国黄土的物质来源及其粉尘的产生机制与搬运过程 总被引：34，自引：10，他引：24
长期以来,黄土高原的物质来源被笼统认为来自包括西北三大内陆盆地(准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木)在内的广阔的沙漠、戈壁地区,而且中国黄土被看作“沙漠”黄土的典型代表。但我们最新的研究揭示出,源自准噶尔和柴达木盆地的粉尘主要由低空气流搬运,受下风方向的山脉阻挡,就近堆积成山麓黄土。源自塔里木盆地的粉尘如果被近地面风搬运,则不可能移出盆地,而是堆积在昆仑山北麓,但如果被飙升到高空,则被西风急流携带,移出盆地而降落在北太平洋地区,无论哪种情况,该盆地的粉尘都不可能对黄土高原有重要贡献。因此,西北三大内陆盆地并非黄土高原的重要物源,而蒙古国南部及与之相邻的包括巴旦吉林、腾格里、乌兰布和、库布其、毛乌素等在内的戈壁、沙漠地区才是黄土高原的主要物质来源区,且主要由近地面风(基本在3000m以下)从上述戈壁、沙漠地区搬运而来。中国黄土并不能简单看作“沙漠”黄土,包括冰川研磨作用、山体剥蚀作用、山前冲洪积作用等在内的“高山过程”,才是产生大量粉土级物质的原因,戈壁、沙漠、黄土的带状分布,只不过是近地面风对山前冲、洪积物质的风力分异而已。 相似文献
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巫山黄土作为中国南方黄土的重要组成部分,弄清该区的物源将为破译这一宝贵沉积记录提供重要的环境信息.对巫山黄土剖面进行了系统取样和Sr-Nd同位素分析,并与黄土高原同期黄土及近源的河流沉积物等进行了比较.结果表明,巫山黄土的87Sr/86Sr值变化范围为0.717 411~0.719 163,平均值为0.717 998,与黄土高原末次冰期黄土的87Sr/86Sr值（变化范围为0.718 235~0.719 673,平均值为0.718 623）几乎一致;巫山黄土εNd（0）值在-10.1~-11.7之间,平均值为-11.4,明显与长江上游现代河漫滩沉积物εNd（0）值（-5.9~-7.2）差别较大,而与黄土高原黄土εNd（0）值（-9.2~-11.3）接近.研究结果表明巫山黄土的粉尘主要为北方输入,与黄土高原黄土同源.据此认为,巫山黄土的形成并不是因为冰期导致三峡地区干旱河滩干涸暴露而引发粉尘近源堆积,这与近年来长江下游下蜀黄土的研究结果有所不同. 相似文献
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本文论述了晋东南榆社一带的各期黄土。这里是黄土自西而东分布的过渡地带,黄土的性状有共性也有各自的特性。晋东南的黄土分为早更新世老Ｒ红土、早至中更新世新Ｒ红土、中更新世上离石黄土、晚更新世马兰黄土和全新世黄土。古地磁年代学测试和剖面观察获得的各期黄土年龄为：老Ｒ红土形成于２．５－１．５ＭａＢ．Ｐ,新Ｒ红士形成于０．９—０．６ＭａＢ．Ｐ,离石黄土形成于０．６—０．１ＭａＢ．Ｐ。它们彼此之间都有不整合面相隔。自Ｒ红土开始出现,就意味着榆社古湖开始消失,气候环境向半干旱－半湿润方向发展。但比黄土高原略为湿润,夏季风的影响更强些。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献