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1.
基于渐近展开法的脆性岩石双尺度方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将渐近展开法与细观统计模型相结合,研究了脆性岩石双尺度计算方法。该方法在细观尺度定义材料属性,假定材料参数符合Weibull分布,采用弹性－理想脆性本构模型,脆断标准采用修正的Mohr-Coulomb准则和最大拉应力准则,通过宏细观尺度耦合计算,得到细观尺度材料损伤演化及其对结构宏观性状的影响。方法包括确定材料统计参数、确定细观尺度代表性体积单元（RVE）及求解边值方程等步骤。数值模型采用商业软件ABAQUS及其内嵌的UMAT用户子程序实现。该方法适用于岩石单轴受压或低围压应力状态,考虑到计算效率,计算时宜采用混合尺度,即模型重点（关键）部位采用双尺度,而其他区域采用单尺度计算。宏观尺度材料软化后未采用正则化方法,此时的计算结果有网格依赖性。 相似文献
2.
为了研究现场施工工艺下水泥土的强度及变形特性,对水泥搅拌桩钻孔芯样进行了无侧限抗压强度试验与三轴试验,分析了水泥掺量与围压对水泥土芯样强度、变形特性的影响规律。结果表明：随着水泥掺量的提高,水泥土芯样的强度明显增强,变形模量显著增大,但其破坏应变变小,脆性增大;水泥掺量超过18%的水泥土芯样其应力-应变关系表现为软化型,随着围压的提高,其强度增强,破坏应变增大,脆性降低,且应力-应变关系曲线有可能发生转型;不同围压下的水泥土芯样三轴试验先为体缩,后变化为体胀,发生剪胀的应变较破坏应变略小,是由剪切面上颗粒错动引起的,在颗粒错动达到一定程度后抗剪强度才发挥到峰值;水泥土的结构屈服应力比较大,在围压的作用下其胶结结构未发生破损,强度包线满足摩尔-库仑线性强度规律;根据水泥土的强度变形特征,应力-应变全曲线分弹性、塑性、软化3个阶段,可采用Popovics模型对其进行模拟,与试验结果较为吻合。 相似文献
3.
深入研究盐岩受力变形、破坏机制及力学模型,对于保证油气地下储库的安全和稳定具有十分重要的意义。以盐岩在多组围压下的三轴试验为基础,由热力学定律出发,将损伤引入到改进的摩尔-库仑(Mohr-Coulomb)准则中,提出了与围压相关的损伤准则和塑性硬化函数,建立了一种能够描述盐岩力学特性的弹塑性损伤模型,该模型能够反映盐岩的塑性与损伤耦合、应变硬化-软化和围压影响。将研究成果与ABAQUS软件相结合,通过二次开发,编制了相应的计算程序。通过模拟盐岩室内三轴压缩试验表明,数值模拟曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,所建立的力学模型可以较好地描述盐岩在不同围压状态下的力学损伤发展、应变硬化-软化以及脆-塑性转换的力学特征。 相似文献
4.
Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
5.
Conventional triaxial compression and “reducing confining pressure” experiments were carried out for red sandstone by an MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics experimental system. Our results show that the post-peak axial deformation characteristics of red sandstone changed as the confining pressure was increased from 5 to 65?MPa. Young’s modulus of red sandstone increased nonlinearly with increasing confining pressure, but Poisson’s ratio remained unaffected. Using our new data, the compactive and dilatant behavior, strength and failure characteristics of sandstone under triaxial compression are further discussed. For our data, the nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion better reflects the peak strength properties than the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. However, the residual strength shows a clear linear relationship with confining pressure, which can be best described using the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The peak and residual strengths were not directly related to the two different loading paths. The onset of dilatancy (C′), the switch from compaction-dominated to dilatant-dominated behavior (D′) and the stress at zero volumetric strain all increased linearly with the confining pressure. In our conventional triaxial compression experiments, the failure mode changed from mixed tension and shear fracture (single shear fracture) to shear fracture with double slippage planes with increasing confining pressure. However, the failure mode in our “reducing confining pressure” experiments was more complicated and results mainly from the unstable failure characteristics of the rock during the reduction in confining pressure. Finally, based on our acoustic emission (AE) locations, at a confining pressure of 35?MPa, a detailed analysis of the evolutionary process of internal cracks is presented for the entire loading process. 相似文献
6.
通过对珊瑚骨架灰岩在不同围压条件下的声发射监测试验,获取珊瑚骨架灰岩三轴压缩力学特性及其声发射（AE）基本特征。研究表明,珊瑚骨架灰岩强度特性符合Mohr-Coulomb强度准则。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的宏观破坏特征表现出较明显的围压效应,即单轴压缩表现为劈裂式张拉断裂面;随着围压的增大,由两级台阶式宏观断口逐渐过渡呈现为单斜面剪切带。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的AE时序演化规律与其应力-应变曲线特征基本吻合,等效破坏时间所对应的累计振铃计数、累计能量计数与围压之间呈良好的对数函数关系。峰前累计振铃计数、累计能量计数在长期强度?cd之前表现出稳定的平缓现象,符合岩石的线弹性变形特征,并在约90%处呈现剧增现象,即为岩石内部微裂纹快速不稳定扩展的开始。珊瑚骨架灰岩在单轴压缩作用下的峰前能量演化规律与其应力?应变曲线特征基本吻合,峰前弹性能、峰前耗散能同样在约90%处出现转折现象。 相似文献
7.
This paper is devoted to numerical analysis of strength and deformation of cohesive granular materials. The emphasis is put on the study of effects of confining pressure and loading path. To this end, the three-dimensional discrete element method is used. A nonlinear failure criterion for inter-granular interface bonding is proposed, and it is able to account for both tensile and shear failure for a large range of normal stress. This criterion is implemented in the particles flow code. The proposed failure model is calibrated from triaxial compression tests performed on representative sandstone. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data. In particular, the effect of confining pressure on compressive strength and failure pattern is well described by the proposed model. Furthermore, numerical predictions are studied, respectively, for compression and extension tests with a constant mean stress. It is shown that the failure strength and deformation process are clearly affected by loading path. Finally, a series of numerical simulations are performed on cubic samples with three independent principal stresses. It is found that the strength and failure mode are strongly influenced by the intermediate principal stress.
相似文献8.
岩石强度准则一般是通过低围压岩石力学试验提出,这些准则在高围压下得到的岩石强度比实测强度偏大。为解决这一问题,提出岩石临界状态围压的概念,并推导得到当围压达到临界状态围压时,偏应力为常数,临界断裂角为45°,以广泛使用的Mohr-Coulomb和Hoek-Brown准则为例,将其应用到准则的改进中。通过完整岩石三轴试验数据对改进准则的准确性和适用性进行验证,分析结果表明：应用岩石临界状态围压改进的强度准则参数对围压变化的敏感度较低,其不仅保持了原准则在低围压时评估岩石强度的一致性、准确性,而且在高围压时其评估的强度与试验强度较一致,解决了高应力条件下原强度准则高估岩石强度的问题。 相似文献
9.
10.
We have developed a new approach for the numerical modeling of deformation processes combining brittle fracture and viscous flow. The new approach is based on the combination of two meshless particle-based methods: the discrete element method (DEM) for the brittle part of the model and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for the viscous part. Both methods are well established in their respective application domains. The two methods are coupled at the particle scale, with two different coupling mechanisms explored: one is where DEM particles act as virtual SPH particles and one where SPH particles are treated like DEM particles when interacting with other DEM particles. The suitability of the combined approach is demonstrated by applying it to two geological processes, boudinage, and hydrofracturing, which involve the coupled deformation of a brittle solid and a viscous fluid. Initial results for those applications show that the new approach has strong potential for the numerical modeling of coupled brittle–viscous deformation processes. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, numerical simulation of 3-dimensional assemblies of 1000 polydisperse sphere particles using Discrete Element
Method (DEM) is used to study the liquefaction behaviour of granular materials. Numerical simulations of cyclic triaxial shear
tests under undrained conditions are performed at different confining pressures under constant strain amplitude. Results obtained
in these numerical simulations indicate that with increase in confining pressure there is an increase in liquefaction resistance. 相似文献
12.
深部泥岩渗透率测试方法及数据适用性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对深部地层同一种泥岩,先后采用常规渗透测试、变围压渗透测试和三轴压缩下瞬态法3种方法开展渗透率的测试研究。试验发现,3种方法下泥岩的渗透率差别极大,其中常规渗透测试所得的渗透率高出后两种方法3~5个数量级;变围压法在围压大于5 MPa后与三轴压缩下的瞬态法所测得的渗透率值较为接近;瞬态法下泥岩渗透率随偏应力增加而缓慢 降低,偏应力高达30 MPa时仍未出现扩容现象。测试显示泥岩的渗透率具有强烈的压力敏感性,其内在原因是较高围压下裂隙闭合、孔隙压紧、孔喉连通性减小,进而导致渗透率下降,而制样、烘干处理等对渗透率也有一定影响。基于试验结果与泥岩所处实际地层应力状态,提出可采用变围压法开展油气储集层的盖层的渗透率及其演化规律研究,而三轴压缩下瞬态法则更适用于能源储库盖层及核废料处置室围岩的渗透规律研究;常规渗透方法所得数据的应用则须商榷。研究结论对研究深部泥岩的渗透特性和密封性能有一定参考价值。 相似文献
13.
为准确地测量岩石试样在不同围压作用下的拉伸强度与变形特性,对用于岩石三轴压缩试验的MTS815材料试验机为主体设备进行了一系列技术改造,一方面设计加工了一套试验机活塞与三轴室的随动连锁装置,使原本只能提供压缩载荷的MTS815试验机也能精确提供轴向拉伸荷载;另一方面设计开发一种多自由度岩石试样三轴拉伸夹具,解决岩石等脆性材料在拉伸过程中难以始终保持对中的技术难题。提出一套完整的测试技术方法,能实现0～140 MPa围压范围内各种岩石试件的复杂三轴直接拉伸测试研究,利用研发的配套装置与测试方法对页岩试样进行了三轴拉伸试验。结果表明,试验装置和试验方法完全能够进行不同围压条件下的岩石三轴拉伸试验,得到相应的三轴拉伸试验曲线;页岩在低围压和高围压下呈现不同的破坏特征和破坏形式,低围压下依然呈现脆性特征,高围压下则是由脆性向塑性转换。 相似文献
14.
为较高精度地评估岩石在不同围压条件下的三轴强度，根据岩石破坏时的主应力差与围压呈上凸的非线性特征，提出负乘方型强度准则。通过将该准则与Mohr-Coulomb准则和Hoek-Brown准则进行精度比较，结果表明，乘方型准则参数对围压变化具有较低的敏感度，且该准则可以更高精度地评估岩石三轴强度。应用公开发表文献中多种不同类型岩石的三轴试验数据，对负乘方型强度准则的适用性进行验证，结果显示，在不同围压条件下，该准则评估的岩石三轴强度与试验强度均非常一致，说明负乘方型准则对评估不同类型岩石的三轴强度具有较好的适用性；同时，通过与目前岩石力学界认为较好的指数型准则的比较，得到两种准则评估的岩石三轴强度平均相对误差MRE均在5%以内，其中负乘方型准则具有更高的精度。该准则可为深部岩石工程开挖与支护等设计提供参考。 相似文献
15.
Simulation of frictional contact between soils and rigid or deformable structure in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented in this study. Two algorithms are implemented into the SPH code to describe contact behavior, where the contact forces are calculated using the law of conservation of momentum based on ideal plastic collision or using the criteria of partial penetrating. In both algorithms, the problem of boundary deficiency inherited from SPH is properly handled so that the particles located at contact boundary can have precise acceleration, which is critical for contact detection. And the movement and rotation of the rigid structure are taken into account so that it is easy to simulate the process of pile driving or movement of a retaining wall in geotechnical engineering analysis. Furthermore, the capability of modeling deformability of a structure during frictional contact simulations broadens the fields of SPH application. In contrast to previous work dealing with contact in SPH, which usually use particle‐to‐particle contact or ignoring sliding between particles and solid structure, the method proposed here is more efficient and accurate, and it is suitable to simulate interaction between soft materials and rigid or deformable structures, which are very common in geotechnical engineering. A number of numerical tests are carried out to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithms, and their results are compared with analytical solutions or results from finite element method analysis. Good agreement obtained from these comparisons suggests that the proposed algorithms are robust and can be applied to extend the capability of SPH in solving geotechnical problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为综合考察温度、围压对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在高温（25℃～1 000 ℃）作用后,利用MTS815.02电液伺服材料试验系统对花岗岩岩样进行不同围压作用下的三轴压缩试验。研究结果表明,（1）围压一定时,经历不同高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩全应力-应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏、塑性流动5个阶段;（2）经历不同高温作用后岩样三轴抗压强度与围压呈非线性二次多项式增长关系,围压为40 MPa时的抗压强度比单轴抗压强度提高了382.30%;常规三轴压缩条件下,400 ℃是花岗岩力学参数的阀值温度;（3）经历高温作用后,岩样弹性模量随围压升高呈增大趋势,围压为40 MPa时的弹性模量比单轴时提高了90.26%;随温度升高呈二次非线性减小,1 000 ℃时的弹性模量比25℃时降低了57.16%;（4）花岗岩的失稳型式同时取决于围压和温度。单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,岩样变形破坏型式由脆性破裂向塑性变形过渡,失稳型式在低温时为突发失稳、中高温为准突发失稳,温度高于800 ℃为渐进破坏;三轴压缩状态下,随着围压的增大,岩样破裂型式由脆性张拉破裂逐渐向剪切破裂过渡,岩样的失稳型式以突发失稳为主。在试验温压范围内,影响花岗岩力学性质的首要因素是温度,其次是围压。 相似文献
17.
在对泾阳南塬实地调查中发现,位于泾河与塬边交切处,发育有数量较多的黄土滑坡,分析认为河流作用是该类滑坡发生的主要诱发因素。通过实地调查,对饱和Q2黄土进行减围压三轴剪切试验以及数值模拟,研究河流作用诱发黄土滑坡的形成机理。研究表明:土体抗剪强度与应力路径有关,减围压三轴剪切状态下,土体抗剪强度指标小于常规三轴剪切状态下的抗剪强度指标,土体更容易发生剪切破坏;斜坡坡脚处存在关键块体,对斜坡整体稳定性起着控制作用。河流作用诱发黄土滑坡就是因为河流的持续侧蚀,造成坡脚关键块体逐步滑塌,最终导致斜坡失稳滑动。 相似文献
18.
开发一种改进损伤框架的粒子流算法,被称为核断裂的光滑粒子流法（kernel-broken smoothed particle hydrodynamics,KBSPH）,用于模拟地震条件下岩质边坡的裂纹扩展和变形破坏过程.在KBSPH中,提出一种改进的损伤框架,通过引入断裂标志来改进损伤粒子的核函数,使损伤粒子的虚拟应力键直接断裂,裂纹在断裂的应力键间生成,从而模拟岩石的裂纹扩展过程.在地震边界上采用了双层边界,将动力输入边界与黏滞边界分离.首先通过薄板振动实验验证KBSPH的动力特性.其次以单裂隙岩体单轴压缩试验验证KBSPH的断裂力学特性.最后模拟地震条件下多节理岩质边坡中裂纹扩展过程和动力响应.薄板振动实验验证了KBSPH的动力特性的准确性.单裂隙岩体单轴压缩试验,证明了KBSPH可以正确模拟预制裂隙尖端的翼型裂纹.通过对比以往数值模拟方法和现场案例,表明KBSPH正确揭示了加速度放大效应以及地震条件下岩质边坡的裂纹扩展过程.KBSPH避免了传统算法的网格畸变,损伤粒子应力分量重新分配的问题,降低了编程难度,提高了运行速率,可为SPH在地震条件下岩石力学中的应用和理解岩石断裂机理提... 相似文献
19.
During several triaxial compression experiments on plastic hardening, softening, and failure properties of dense sand specimens, it was found on various stress paths that the size of the failure surface was not constant. Instead, it changed depending on the current state of hydrostatic pressure. This finding is in contrast to the standard opinion consisting of the fact that the failure surface remains constant, once it has been reached during an experiment or in situ. In general, the behaviour of cohesionless granular‐material‐like sand is somehow characterised in between fluid and solid, where the solid behaviour results from the angle of internal friction and the confining pressure. Although the friction angle is an intrinsic material property, the confining pressure varies with the boundary conditions, thus defining different solid properties like plastic hardening, softening, and also failure. Based on our findings, it was the goal of the present contribution to introduce an improved setting for the plastic strain hardening and softening behaviour including the newly found yield properties at the limit state. For the identification of the material parameters, a complete triaxial experimental analysis of the tested sand is given. The overall elasto‐plasticity concept is validated by numerical computations of several laboratory foundation‐ and slope‐failure experiments. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with the standard concept of a constant failure surface, where the corresponding yield surfaces are understood as contours of equivalent plastic work or plastic strain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Microplane damage model for jointed rock masses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper presents a new microplane constitutive model for the inelastic behavior of jointed rock masses that takes into account the mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of cracks and joints. The basic idea is that the microplane modeling of rock masses under general triaxial loading, including compression, requires the isotropic rock matrix and the joints to be considered as two distinct phases coupled in parallel. A joint continuity factor is defined as a microplane damage variable to represent the stress‐carrying area fraction of the joint phase. Based on the assumption of parallel coupling between the rock joint and the rock matrix, the overall mechanical behavior of the rock is characterized by microplane constitutive laws for the rock matrix and for the rock joints, along with an evolution law for the microplane joint continuity factor. The inelastic response of the rock matrix and the rock joints is controlled on the microplane level by the stress–strain boundaries. Based on the arguments enunciated in developing the new microplane model M7 for concrete, the previously used volumetric–deviatoric splits of the elastic strains and of the tensile boundary are avoided. The boundaries are tensile normal, compressive normal, and shear. The numerical simulations demonstrate satisfactory fits of published triaxial test data on sandstone and on jointed plaster mortar, including quintessential features such as the strain softening and dilatancy under low confining pressure, as well as the brittle–ductile transition under higher confining pressure, and the decrease of jointed rock strength and Young's modulus with an increasing dip angle of the joint. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献