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1.
This paper focuses on the efficiency of finite discrete element method (FDEM) algorithmic procedures in massive computers and analyzes the time-consuming part of contact detection and interaction computations in the numerical solution. A detailed operable GPU parallel procedure was designed for the element node force calculation, contact detection, and contact interaction with thread allocation and data access based on the CUDA computing. The emphasis is on the parallel optimization of time-consuming contact detection based on load balance and GPU architecture. A CUDA FDEM parallel program was developed with the overall speedup ratio over 53 times after the fracture from the efficiency and fidelity performance test of models of in situ stress, UCS, and BD simulations in Intel i7-7700K CPU and the NVIDIA TITAN Z GPU. The CUDA FDEM parallel computing improves the computational efficiency significantly compared with the CPU-based ones with the same reliability, providing conditions for achieving larger-scale simulations of fracture. 相似文献
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A hybrid modeling approach is proposed for near real-time three-dimensional (3D) mapping of surficial aquifers. First, airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) measurements are numerically inverted to obtain subsurface resistivities. Second, a machine-learning (ML) algorithm is trained using the FDEM measurements and inverted resistivity profiles, and borehole geophysical and hydrogeologic data. Third, the trained ML algorithm is used together with independent FDEM measurements to map the spatial distribution of the aquifer system. Efficacy of the hybrid approach is demonstrated for mapping a heterogeneous surficial aquifer and confining unit in northwestern Nebraska, USA. For this case, independent performance testing reveals that aquifer mapping is unbiased with a strong correlation (0.94) among numerically inverted and ML-estimated binary (clay-silt or sand-gravel) layer resistivities (5–20 ohm-m or 21–5,000 ohm-m), and an intermediate correlation (0.74) for heterogeneous (clay, silt, sand, gravel) layer resistivities (5–5,000 ohm-m). Reduced correlation for the heterogeneous model is attributed to over-estimating the under-sampled high-resistivity gravels (about 0.5 % of the training data), and when removed the correlation increases (0.87). Independent analysis of the numerically inverted and ML-estimated resistivities finds that the hybrid procedure preserves both univariate and spatial statistics for each layer. Following training, the algorithms can map 3D surficial aquifers as fast as leveled FDEM measurements are presented to the ML network. 相似文献
3.
Based on the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), a two-dimensional coupled hydro-thermal model is proposed. This model can simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in rock masses with arbitrary complex fracture networks. The model consists of three parts: a heat conduction model of the rock matrix, a heat-transfer model of the fluid in the fracture (including the heat conduction and convection of fluid), and a heat exchange model between the fluid and rock at the fracture surface. Three examples with analytical solutions are given to verify the correctness of the coupled model. Finally, the coupled model is applied to hydro-thermal coupling simulations of a rock mass with a fracture network. The temperature field evolution, the effect of thermal conductivity of the rock matrix thermal conductivity and the fracture aperture on the outlet temperature are studied. The coupled model presented in this paper will enable the application of FDEM to study rock rupture driven by the effect of hydro-thermo-mechanical coupling in geomaterials such as in geothermal systems, petroleum engineering, environmental engineering and nuclear waste geological storage.
相似文献4.
将数字图像技术与Munjiza提出的有限元法-离散元法（FDEM）耦合分析方法结合,研制了可表征岩石真实非均质性的FDEM分析系统,为从细观角度对岩体进行建模以及研究岩体的破裂机制提供了新途径。该系统借助数字图像技术从岩石断面的图像获取岩石材料的真实细观结构,借助成熟的网格剖分技术,将其映射到FDEM计算网格中,从而克服了原有FDEM在考虑材料非均质性所存在的不足。利用该系统,进行了巴西圆盘劈裂试验的数值模拟,再现了花岗岩在荷载作用下的真实破裂过程。数值模拟结果表明,考虑非均质性的岩样应力分布呈现出非对称性,岩石的细观结构对岩石中裂纹的扩展及应力分布有重要影响。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a numerical model for jointed rock masses within the 3‐D numerical manifold method (NMM) framework equipped with a customized contact algorithm. The strength of rock sample containing a few sets of discontinuities is first investigated. The results of models with simple geometries are compared with the available analytical solutions to verify the developed computer code, whereas models with complex geometries are simulated to better understand the fundamental behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass. Furthermore, the stability of jointed rock mass in an underground excavation is studied, where rock failure process is determined by the 3‐D NMM simulation. The simulation results provide valuable guidance on excavation process design and stabilization design in rock engineering practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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对预制交叉裂隙岩石试样进行裂纹扩展试验,研究了裂纹萌生、扩展、聚合过程,分析了主裂隙和轴向载荷夹角及主次裂隙夹角对裂纹起裂应力和聚合应力的影响,并用混合有限元-离散元程序,即图形处理器并行化的3D Y-HFDEM代码对试验进行了仿真计算,实现了岩石破坏从连续介质向非连续介质的过渡,对裂纹类及损伤破坏模式进行了识别,捕捉到了试验中难以发现的现象。研究表明：随主裂隙与轴向载荷夹角增加,裂纹聚合区的拉伸裂纹数量增加;裂纹起裂和聚合应力与主裂隙与轴向载荷夹角成正比;主次裂隙夹角增加,岩石的破坏模式由拉伸破坏转为剪切破坏,交叉裂隙加剧岩石破碎程度;主裂隙尖端萌生扩展的拉伸-剪切混合裂缝引起的破坏在岩石破坏中占主导地位,是导致岩体失去承载能力的主控裂纹;混合有限元-离散元仿真软件GPGPU并行化的3D Y-HFDEM IDE在岩石裂纹扩展研究中具有优势,可以捕捉实验室难以发现的损伤断裂类型,可以作为岩石裂纹扩展研究的有力工具。 相似文献
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The high computational costs associated with the implicit formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) have been one of the major obstacles for its implementation to engineering problems involving jointed rock masses with large numbers of blocks. In this paper, the Newmark-based predictor-corrector solution (NPC) approach was modified to improve the performance of the original DDA solution module in modeling discontinuous problems. The equation of motion for a discrete block system is first established with emphasis on the consideration of contact constraints. A family of modified Newmark-based predictor-corrector integration (MNPC) scheme is then proposed and implemented into a unified analysis framework. Comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the widely used constant acceleration (CA) integration approach and central difference (CD) approach, regarding the stability and numerical damping features for a single-degree-of-freedom model, where the implications of the proposed approach on open-close iteration are also discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by several benchmarking examples, and it is then applied to two typical problems with different numbers of blocks. The results show that the original CA approach in DDA is efficient for the simulation of quasi-static deformation of jointed rock masses, while the proposed MNPC approach leads to improved computational efficiency for dynamic analysis of large-scale jointed rock masses. The MNPC approach therefore provides an additional option for efficient DDA of jointed rock masses. 相似文献
8.
Contact between stiff structural elements and soil is encountered in many applications in geotechnical engineering. Modelling of such contact is challenging as it often involves impact that would lead to large deformation and failure of the soil. The Material Point Method (MPM) is a mesh‐free method that has been applied to simulate such phenomena. However, the frictional contact algorithm commonly used in MPM only supports Coulomb friction and cannot model fully or partially rough contact conditions in terms of geotechnical engineering. Moreover, because of very different stiffness of contacting materials, the contact force predicted by the previous frictional contact algorithms usually suffers from severe oscillation when applied in structure–soil interaction. This paper presents a new contact algorithm, termed Geo‐contact, designed for geotechnical engineering. In Geo‐contact, a penalty function is incorporated to reduce the oscillation in contact computation, and a limited shear stress is specified along the contact interface. The proposed Geo‐contact algorithm has been implemented to simulate smooth, partially rough and rough contact in typical large deformation penetration problems. The resistance–displacement curves obtained using the Geo‐contact are compared with analytical solutions of limit analysis and large deformation finite element results to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed contact algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A numerical simulation of kinetic friction function in the fracture process of rocks in the framework of General Particle Dynamics (GPD) is performed in this paper. The frictional algorithm is implemented into the General Particle Dynamics code (GPD) to describe frictional behavior of particles, where frictional forces among discrete particles are formulated using the principle of balance of two forces based on ideal plastic contact between two surfaces of solids. In General Particle Dynamics code (GPD), interaction among discrete particles is formulated using the virtual-bond method. Fractures of virtual bonds among particles are determined through the Hoek-Brown damage evolution law of rock materials. Three numerical cases are to verify the stability and accuracy of the numerical algorithm. Then, the numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and experimental results. It is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new scheme that can be used to overcome the overshooting effect, one of the well known problems occurs during application of bounding surface plasticity models in numerical analysis of boundary value problems. The scheme is based on definition of clouds of loading surfaces with a specific margin of strains within which unloading does not accompanied kinematic hardening. The basic concept of the scheme is introduced and the methodology and the relevant step by step algorithm to implement this scheme are presented. This scheme has been incorporated in the UNSW bounding surface model and implemented in a finite difference code and used to simulate cyclic triaxial tests as well as complicated monotonic and dynamic boundary value problems. The satisfactory performance of the scheme is demonstrated and its efficiency is discussed thorough these simulations. 相似文献
11.
针对遗传算法（GA）存在早熟现象和局部寻优能力较差等缺陷,引入具有很强局部搜索能力的模拟退火算法（SA）,组成改进的遗传模拟退火算法（GSA）提高优化问题的能力和求解质量。针对BP神经网络容易陷入局部最小和收敛速度慢等方面的不足,应用改进的遗传模拟退火算法搜索BP神经网络的最优权值和阀值,提高BP神经网络的预测精度,建立了围岩力学参数反分析的GSA-BP神经网络模型。将该模型应用于乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房围岩力学参数的反演分析中,根据监测围岩变形数据反演围岩力学参数,反演所得参数应用到正计算分析中,得出的计算位移与实测值吻合较好,说明该方法的有效性和应用于该工程的可行性。 相似文献
12.
The paper considers a plane joint or interface element suitable for implementation into a standard non-linear finite element code. The element is intended to model discontinuities with rough contact surfaces, such as rock joints, where dilatant behaviour is present. Of particular concern is the formulation of a constitutive model which fully caters for all possible histories of opening, closing and sliding (accompained by dilation or contraction) in any direction. The non-linear incremental constitutive equations are formulated in a manner appropriate for a back-ward difference discretization in time along the path of loading. The advantage of such an approach is that no essential distinction need be drawn between opening, closing and sliding. Further, a convenient formulation of the constitutive equations is facilitated by representing the different contact conditions in relative displacement space. The state diagram in relative displacement space, however, changes from one time step to the next, and evolution equations for the updating must be formulated. These concepts are illustrated for two rock-joint models: a sawtooth asperity model and a limited dilation model. The models are based on a penalty formulation to enforce the contact constraints, and explicit equations for the tangent stiffness matrix and for the corrector step of the standard Newton–Raphson iterative algorithm are derived. These equations have been implemented as an user element into the finite element code ABAQUS7. Three examples are presented to illustrate the predictions of the formulation. 相似文献
13.
Problems in hydrology frequently have moving fronts and dynamic driving mechanisms such as wells. Since the location of important
features changes during a simulation, accurate modeling requires uniformly fine resolution or the ability to change resolution
during the simulation. We will describe an algorithm for refinement and unrefinement of tetrahedral/triangular meshes that
has been implemented in the adaptive hydrology (ADH) code. The codes including the refinement/unrefinement algorithms are
implemented in parallel to accommodate problems with large run time and memory requirements. In this paper, we describe the
parallel, adaptive grid algorithm used in ADH and show the resulting grids from some example problems. 相似文献
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石灰岩细观力学特性的颗粒流模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
岩体地区地质灾害的发生和发展取决于岩石细观组分的运动学行为。研究岩石运动学行为时通常将岩石作为整体研究对象较多,而直接以细观组分为对象的研究较少。以石灰岩为例,根据室内试验获得的岩石力学性质指标,使用基于非连续介质理论的颗粒流方法,将材料离散成刚性颗粒组成的模型,把颗粒细观变化与宏观力学特性联系起来,建立了石灰岩的细观结构模型,获得了颗粒接触力、颗粒接触模量、接触连接强度和连接刚度比等细观力学参数。由于文中直接以细观成分为研究对象、反映了岩石和岩体组成的本质特点,所得结论不仅对含裂隙岩石本构关系研究具有广阔的应用前景,而且对岩体工程性质和地质灾害机制研究也具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
16.
A mixed finite element–boundary element solution for the analysis of two-dimensional flow in porous media composed of rock blocks and discrete fractures is described. The rock blocks are modelled implicitly by using boundary elements whereas finite elements are adopted to model the discrete fractures. The computational procedure has been implemented in a hybrid code which has been validated first by comparing the numerical results with the closed-form solution for flow in a porous aquifer intercepted by a vertical fracture only. Then, a more complex problem has been solved where a pervious, homogeneous and isotropic matrix containing a net of fractures is considered. The results obtained are shown to describe satisfactorily the main features of the flow problem under study. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Simulation of frictional contact between soils and rigid or deformable structure in the framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented in this study. Two algorithms are implemented into the SPH code to describe contact behavior, where the contact forces are calculated using the law of conservation of momentum based on ideal plastic collision or using the criteria of partial penetrating. In both algorithms, the problem of boundary deficiency inherited from SPH is properly handled so that the particles located at contact boundary can have precise acceleration, which is critical for contact detection. And the movement and rotation of the rigid structure are taken into account so that it is easy to simulate the process of pile driving or movement of a retaining wall in geotechnical engineering analysis. Furthermore, the capability of modeling deformability of a structure during frictional contact simulations broadens the fields of SPH application. In contrast to previous work dealing with contact in SPH, which usually use particle‐to‐particle contact or ignoring sliding between particles and solid structure, the method proposed here is more efficient and accurate, and it is suitable to simulate interaction between soft materials and rigid or deformable structures, which are very common in geotechnical engineering. A number of numerical tests are carried out to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithms, and their results are compared with analytical solutions or results from finite element method analysis. Good agreement obtained from these comparisons suggests that the proposed algorithms are robust and can be applied to extend the capability of SPH in solving geotechnical problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于细观损伤有限元方法,模拟分析了刀具在单一动载、动静联合荷载、静态围压条件下动静联合荷载3种情况下岩体破碎的全过程。模型采用黏弹性人工边界剔除了边界应力波反射对模拟结果准确性的影响。数值模拟结果表明：在弹性情况下,静压的存在对岩体内部最小主应力值影响不大,却显著提高了材料内部最大主应力水平,增大了剪应力的大小,导致剪切破坏可能性增加;当有围压存在时,岩体内部受拉区域减少,岩体强度有所提高。单一动载和动静联合荷载破岩时,岩体内部除刀头附近呈现少量压破坏外,破坏均以拉破坏为主;而围压条件下,岩体破碎面积相对减小,裂纹在围压的作用下向两侧自由面延伸,岩体内部破坏形式则趋于多样化,压破坏比重明显增大,整体表现为拉压复合作用。模拟结果还表明,刀头侵入量主要受动载力大小影响,在相同幅值增量下,动载力增加导致的刀头侵入量远大于静压增加所导致的侵入量。相对单一动载和静压作用下的岩石破碎机制来说,动静组合加载破岩的研究还需更为深入的探讨。研究结果可望对岩体破坏机制以及地下工程作业等实际应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
20.
针对传统现场接触式测量获取岩体结构面参数效率低、工作量大、结果精确性受人为因素影响等问题,本文结合数字摄影测量技术与运动法（structure from motion,SFM）进行岩体三维数字表面模型重建,并在此基础上建立了岩体结构面自动识别方法。岩体数字表面模型重建步骤主要为岩体影像资料采集,基于尺度不变特征变换（Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）算法进行图像特征匹配、稀疏点云构建、点云稠密化以及岩体曲面模型重构。结构面识别方法流程主要为:首先平滑岩体数字表面模型;通过改变搜索半径和角度阈值实现模型平面分割;基于区域生长原理进行结构面搜索;最后基于随机采样一致性拟合结构面得到结构面产状。将该方法应用于甘肃北山地下实验巷道,实现了巷道三维数字表面模型的重建与结构面产状数据获取,最后将识别到的结构面分组表征在模型表面。与人工实地测量方法以及现有的结构面识别软件相比,本文提出的方法具有良好的准确性,可为工程应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献