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1.
研究全空间效应的影响因素及变化规律,可以有效地丰富地下瞬变电磁法的正、反演理论体系.为此,首先建立层状全空间模型,推导了全空间的瞬变电磁响应公式,采用快速汉克尔变换和余弦变换求出了回线中心处的感应电动势,对比分析了叠加方法得到的全空间响应,并引入全区视电阻率来分析瞬变电磁场扩散规律和全空间效应影响因素,最后通过实测模型来验证模型的计算效果.结果表明,层状全空间模型计算出的响应值相对误差低于3％,精度较高;叠加方法计算的瞬变电磁响应不是真正的全空间,且全空间响应均大于半空间响应的值;在低阻层存在时,全空间响应早期受电阻率和厚度的影响较强烈,由此发现在全空间条件下减少巷道内低电阻率干扰体是减小盲区的重要手段;在超高阻层存在时,半空间响应仅仅是全空间条件下观测点以上的地层电阻率为无穷大的特殊情况;低阻目标层的视电阻率受目标层埋深与层厚差异的影响,若埋深与厚度相差小则分层效果越好;实测数据的建模结果显示计算方法有一定的正确性.本研究填补了矿井瞬变电磁一维全空间响应研究内容,为实际应用提供了验算基础. 相似文献
2.
文中讨论了提高长偏移距瞬变电磁测深甚晚期响应计算精度及相应的全区视电阻率的计算方法。在频率域 ,利用直接数值积分结合连分式展开提高低频段响应的计算精度 ,从而提高时间域甚晚期响应的计算精度。同时 ,利用连分式渐进展开 ,将均匀半空间电阻率表示为该模型长偏移距瞬变电磁测深响应的反函数 ,利用迭代方法求出适合全时间段的全区视电阻率。数值结果表明 ,文中的方法可有效地提高长偏移距瞬变电磁测深 (甚 )晚期数据的模拟与解释精度 相似文献
3.
S-s方式瞬变电磁测深资料处理方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据半无限均匀介质空间中电磁场的表达式,本文分析了S-s方式瞬变电磁测深法的全区视电阻率定义的基本性质并讨论了求解方法.在此基础上,引入了基于感应电动势的"虚拟全区视电阻率"概念,从而解决了全区视电阻率的解的唯一性和存在性等问题.理论算例表明,"虚拟全区视电阻率"能较好的反映地下一维电性层电性垂向变化特征,故对瞬变电磁测深资料的定性解释有一定的实际应用价值,同时对一维反演(构制初始模型和确立目标函数)也有重要意义. 相似文献
4.
煤矿井下矿井瞬变电磁法(MTEM)探测中,电磁场呈全空间分布,全空间瞬变电磁反演是复杂的非线性问题,目前反演计算中全空间响应主要由半空间响应乘以全空间响应系数来得到,导致反演结果中顶板和底板异常(或前方和后方异常)叠加在一起难以分离,造成分辨率下降.论文提出采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行全空间MTEM反演,通过理论分析,在常规的粒子群算法基础上提出了一种新的进化公式改进策略,提高了粒子群算法的寻优能力.基于全空间瞬变电磁场理论,编写了粒子群算法反演程序,进行全空间条件下五层含巷道的复杂模型的反演计算.结合某矿井巷道顶板、底板岩层及断层含水性的探测实例,对实测数据进行反演计算和解释,探测结果得到钻探证实.研究表明,改进的粒子群优化算法对理论模型和实际资料的反演拟合程度较高,实现了矿井顶板、底板视电阻率异常的分离,提高了全空间瞬变电磁勘探资料的解释精度和分辨率. 相似文献
5.
本文从瞬变电磁均匀半空间二次磁场响应公式出发,提出了一种基于神经网络的视电阻率快速计算方法.以中心回线为例,根据瞬变响应公式的特点,简化网络结构,选用三层BP神经网络和误差训练算法,用均匀半空间样本数据进行训练,确定了收敛快、误差小的一步正割法和隐含单元数,得到基于不同采样时窗的一组网络参数.用本文方法与二分法、牛顿迭代法做模型计算比较,及最后的实验计算,说明算法的快速,准确.本文方法不依赖初始模型,避开了复杂的电磁场数值计算,实现了视电阻率的快速计算,对瞬变电磁法资料的快速解释有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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在煤矿水害问题中,利用瞬变电磁法研究煤矿的底板水、顶板水、断层或陷落柱特征,已经有很多成功的案例;但是在金矿水害中的应用,尚未发现成功的案例.目前,在生产实践中,瞬变电磁法在煤矿水害资料解释还停留在利用晚期视电阻率近似处理、解释的水平.金矿水害数据采集位于深部采场,需要全空间瞬变电磁资料解释技术.基于以上背景,介绍利用反函数原理计算的全空间全域视电阻率成像,对金矿水害探测的瞬变电磁资料进行处理解释.研究发现:该解释方法不仅计算速度快,且精度满足要求,方便实测数据的快速处理.同时能够去除晚期视电阻率成像在早期、过渡期出现的假异常;通过钻孔验证和开挖,证明该成像解释方法对金矿水害防治,效果非常明显. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(5)
矿井瞬变电磁法得到了广泛应用,但其数据处理解释方法研究相对滞后,为提高勘探精度本文对全空间处理及三维解释方法进行研究.以均匀全空间磁偶极源瞬变响应为基础,探讨全空间磁感应强度垂向分量Bz及其时间变化率Bz/T的核函数曲线特征,并给出全区视电阻率数值计算方法.研究结果表明Bz的核函数Y(Z)存在一个转折点Z=1,以转折点为界可以划分为两个单调区间;Bz/T的核函数Y′(Z)存在两个转折点Z=0.707和Z=1.732,以转折点为界可以划分为三个单调区间,在单调区间内通过二分搜索算法可以计算区间内视电阻率值,各区间视电阻率曲线通过转折点可构成全区视电阻率曲线.采用Voxler软件平台实现矿井瞬变电磁三维立体解释,并给出数据三维可视化的具体步骤.应用实例表明本文提出的全空间处理及三维解释方法可以实现工作面内煤层及其附近岩层三维电阻率成像,直观展现富水异常体三维空间展布特征,方法实用性强、探测效果较好. 相似文献
8.
根据半无限均匀介质空间中电磁场的表达式，本文分析了S-s方式瞬变电磁测深法的全区视电阻率定义的的基本性质并讨论了求解方法。在此基础上，引入了基于感应电动势的“虚拟全区视电阻率”概念，从而解决了全区视电阻率的解的唯一性和存在性等问题。理论算例表明，“虚拟全区视电阻率”能较好的反映地下一维电性层电性垂向变化特征，故对瞬变电磁测深资料的定性解释有一定的实际应用价值，同时对一维反演（构制初始模型和确立目标函数）也有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
深入分析了均匀半空间中瞬变电磁场的解析表达式,发现瞬变响应曲线随地下电导率、发射回线边长与观测时间具有平移伸缩特性,并据此提出了一种新的直接计算全区视电阻率的方法.该法与现有计算全区视电阻率的方法的不同点在于：无需迭代和求解非线性方程,速度快,精度高,算法稳定,且只有惟一解. 相似文献
10.
层状介质中地下瞬变电磁场全空间效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
全空间效应是矿井瞬变电磁方法固有的特殊理论问题之一.建立了3种典型的层状地质模型,采用时域有限差分法求解Maxwell方程,并引入电磁波衰减因子EA(dB),来分析全空间效应的影响特征及影响因素.研究结果表明,地下瞬变电磁法工作装置中,分离回线装置对低阻目标层的探测效果优于重叠回线装置;相对于半空间低阻层瞬变响应,全空间低阻层瞬变响应的时间范围更宽,因而需要更长的观测时间;全空间效应影响因素为顶、底板内低阻层相对电阻率差异大小和目标层深度与厚度,当目标层电阻率大于顶板内低阻层电阻率时,所观测响应主要为低阻层响应,此时将会增大资料解释的难度.此外,研究还显示,瞬变电磁法对低阻层的纵向分辨率与低阻层厚度相关,厚度越小分辨率越高,当厚度较大时,其纵向分辨能力较差.研究成果为实际工作参数选择及资料处理与解释提供了参考. 相似文献
11.
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of full-space transient electromagnetic responses of water in goaf 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The full-space transient electromagnetic response of water-filled goaves in coal mines were numerically modeled. Traditional numerical modeling methods cannot be used to simulate the underground full-space transient electromagnetic field. We used multiple transmitting loops instead of the traditional single transmitting loop to load the transmitting loop into Cartesian grids. We improved the method for calculating the z-component of the magnetic field based on the characteristics of full space. Then, we established the fullspace 3D geoelectrical model using geological data for coalmines. In addition, the transient electromagnetic responses of water-filled goaves of variable shape at different locations were simulated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Moreover, we evaluated the apparent resistivity results. The numerical modeling results suggested that the resistivity differences between the coal seam and its roof and floor greatly affect the distribution of apparent resistivity, resulting in nearly circular contours with the roadway head at the center. The actual distribution of apparent resistivity for different geoelectrical models of water in goaves was consistent with the models. However, when the goaf water was located in one side, a false low-resistivity anomaly would appear on the other side owing to the full-space effect but the response was much weaker. Finally, the modeling results were subsequently confirmed by drilling, suggesting that the proposed method was effective. 相似文献
12.
本文根据视电阻率定义的原则,以及用不同的场量定义的视电阻率效果不同这一事实,提出一种新的全波视电阻率定义.在全区同时用均匀大地上电磁场的三个分量来分区定义祝电阻率.在远区视电阻率由磁场的水平分量求出,在近区由磁场的垂直分量或其实分量定义,而在过渡区则由电场的水平分量确定.用这种方法定义的视电阻率为电磁响应的单值函数,它随频率变化的曲线显著改善,能直观地反映地层电阻率随深度的变化,数值比较接近地层的真电阻率值,假极值效应明显压低.在计算中用切比雪夫多项式分段拟合均匀大地电磁响应的反函数,并给出一套系数,由此算出的视电阻率误差小于1％. 相似文献
13.
Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) surveys are currently being flown over populated areas and applied to detailed problems using high flight line densities. Interpretation information is supplied through a model of the subsurface resistivity distribution. Theoretical and survey data are used here to study the character and reliability of such models. Although the survey data were obtained using a fixed-wing system, the corresponding associations with helicopter, towed-bird systems are discussed. Both Fraser half-space and 1D inversion techniques are considered in relation to their ability to distinguish geological, cultural and environmental influences on the survey data. Fraser half-space modelling provides the dual interpretation parameters of apparent resistivity and apparent depth at each operational frequency. The apparent resistivity was found to be a remarkably stable parameter and appears robust to the presence of a variety of at-surface cultural features. Such features provide both incorrect altitude data and multidimensional influences. Their influences are observed most strongly in the joint estimate of apparent depth and this accounts for the stability of the apparent resistivity. Positive apparent depths, in the example data, result from underestimated altitude measurements. It is demonstrated that increasingly negative apparent depths are associated with increasing misfits between a 1D model and the data. Centroid depth calculations, which are a transform of the Fraser half-space parameters, provide an example of the detection of non-1D influences on data obtained above a populated area. 1D inversion of both theoretical and survey data is examined. The simplest use of the 1D inversion method is in providing an estimate of a half-space resistivity. This can be undertaken prior to multilayer inversion as an initial assessment. Underestimated altitude measurements also enter the problem and, in keeping with the Fraser pseudo-layer concept, an at-surface highly resistive layer of variable thickness can be usefully introduced as a constrained parameter. It is clearly difficult to ascribe levels of significance to a ‘measure’ of misfit contained in a negative apparent depth with the dimensions of metres. The reliability of 1D models is better assessed using a formal misfit parameter. With the misfit parameter in place, the example data suggest that the 1D inversion methods provide reliable apparent resistivity values with a higher resolution than the equivalent information from the Fraser half-space estimates. 相似文献
14.
Boundary integral equations for dynamic rupture propagation on vertical complex fault system in half-space:Theory 
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下载免费PDF全文 The boundary integral equation method(BIEM)is now widely used in numerical studies on earthquake rupture dynamics,and is proved to be a powerful tool to deal with problems on complex fault system.However,since this method heavily lies on the specific forms of Green's function and only the Green's function in full-space has a closed analytic expression,it is usually limited to a full-space medium.In this study,as a first step to extend this method to an arbitrary complex fault system in half-space,the boundary integral equations(BIEs)for dynamic strike-slip on vertical complex fault system in half-space are derived based on exact Green's function for isotropic and homogeneous half-space.Effect of the geometry of the complex fault system are dealt with carefully.Final BIEs is composed of two parts:contribution from full-space,which has been thoroughly investigated by Aochi and his co-workers by using the Green's function for full-space,and that from free surface,which is studied in detail in this study. 相似文献
15.
Cigong Yu Zhihong Fu Huaiqing Zhang Heng‐Ming Tai Xuegui Zhu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(2):377-384
Distributed parameters of the receiver coils greatly affect transient electromagnetic signals over short time periods, causing a delay in the signal's effective sampling time and the loss of shallow exploration information. This paper investigates the influence of transient process on apparent resistivity calculation and analyses the relations between the error of apparent resistivity and receiver coil design. We find that, under the same effective area, different radii of the receiver coils lead to different levels of impact on the estimation of the apparent resistivity. An optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal receiver coil size that gives rise to the smallest estimation error of the apparent resistivity. The relationship between the optimal radius and the effective areas is developed, which serves as a guideline for the optimal receiver coil design. The results may provide a useful means for improving the accuracy of the small loop transient electromagnetic instrumentation for shallow‐depth mapping. 相似文献
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Bernhard Siemon 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2009,67(3):206-218
For about three decades helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) measurements have been used to reveal the resistivity distribution of the upper one hundred metres of the earth's subsurface. HEM systems record secondary fields, which are 3–6 orders of magnitude smaller than the transmitted primary fields. As both the primary fields and the secondary fields are present at the receivers, well-designed bucking coils are often used to reduce the primary fields at the receivers to a minimum. Remaining parts of the primary fields, the zero levels, are generally corrected by subtracting field values recorded at high altitudes (standard zero levelling) or estimated from resistivities of neighbouring lines or from resistivity maps (advanced zero levelling). These zero-levelling techniques enable the correction for long-term, quasi-linear instrumental drift. Short-term variations caused by temperature changes due to altitude variations, however, cannot be completely corrected by this procedure resulting in stripe patterns on thematic maps.Statistical methods and/or 2-D filter techniques called statistical levelling (tie-line levelling) and empirical levelling (microlevelling), respectively, used to correct stripe patterns in airborne geophysical data sets are, in general, not directly applicable to HEM data. Because HEM data levelling faces the problem that the parameter affected by zero-level errors, the secondary field, differs from the parameter generally levelled, the apparent resistivity. Furthermore, the dependency of the secondary field on both the resistivity of the subsurface and the sensor altitude is strongly nonlinear.A reasonable compromise is to microlevel both half-space parameters: apparent resistivity and apparent depth, followed by a recalculation of the secondary field components based on the half-space parameters levelled. Advantages and disadvantages of the diverse levelling techniques are discussed using a HEM data set obtained in a hilly region along the Saale River between the cities of Saalfeld and Jena in central Germany. It turns out from a comparison of apparent resistivity and apparent depth maps derived from levelled HEM data that manually advanced zero levelling of major level errors and automatic microlevelling of remaining minor level errors yield the best results. 相似文献
18.
从麦克斯韦旋度方程出发可以直接导出瞬变电磁场扩散方程,然而扩散方程不含电场对时间的一阶导数,不能构成显式的时域有限差分方程,借鉴du Fort-Frankel有限差分离散方法引入虚拟位移电流项构建显式时域有限差分方程.对Wang和Hohmann的经典时域算法进行了两点改进:第一,通过将矩形回线源电流密度加入麦克斯韦方程组的安培环路定理方程,实现回线源瞬变电磁激发源加入;第二,在计算中考虑关断时间.第一点改进使时域有限差分方程考虑了一次场的计算,并且源的计算不再依赖均匀半空间模型响应作为初始条件,使算法能够适应表层电阻率不均匀时的三维复杂模型.由于实际观测中不可能出现阶跃电流的关断形式,第二点改进可以方便设置发射电流下降沿.采用改进的三维时域有限差分正演算法对均匀半空间模型、四类三层模型、均匀半空间中含有低阻块体模型进行了计算并分别与解析解、线性数字滤波解、积分方程解和Wang的三维时域有限差分解进行了对比验证.以H模型为例,采用建立的三维时域有限差分正演算法计算了不同关断时间的斜阶跃脉冲回线源瞬变电磁中心点感应电动势衰减曲线.以实际地质资料为基础,构建包含两层采空区的三维复杂模型,以1 μs的极短关断时间进行了复杂模型定回线源瞬变电磁响应计算,并计算了该复杂模型的视电阻率曲线. 相似文献
19.
目前地电的方法在我国已应用到地震预报的研究中,为了了解与地下力学场变化相联系的地电变化,需要了解台址下勘探体积内的电阻率分层情况,从而正确地认识各种影响因素对地电阻率的作用。 相似文献
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针对我国地震监测预报中固定地点和固定观测装置及参数的视电阻率观测,给出了半空间倾斜各向异性介质中电阻率对称四极观测的理论探测深度,研究了地震前兆信息的检测深度问题,得到：(1)在强地震、孕震晚期阶段,在震中区及附近可检测到地壳近地表较深部介质的电阻率变化,其深度大于或远大于均匀介质之;(2)震级、震中距、观测方向不同或在不同的孕震阶段,探测深度存在差异,甚至存在大的差异,且是动态变化的.并依据理论探测深度讨论了地震视电阻率前兆变化的复杂性、地电台址电性条件等问题. 相似文献