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1.
《岩土力学》2020,(Z1)
倾斜矿体开采中矿柱的应力状态分析是确保矿体安全开采的重要工作之一。以岩体力学理论为基础,建立了压剪荷载作用下倾斜矿柱的力学模型,推导出表征压剪受载矿柱应力状态的广义Mohr圆方程,分析了矿体倾角、荷载对广义Mohr圆圆心位置及半径的影响,揭示了倾斜矿柱应力演化的3种路径,并证明了3种应力路径分别满足直线方程、圆方程和平面方程。针对矿柱的3种应力路径,提出相应的应力路径演化主控模式。基于Mohr强度理论,分析3种主控模式下的应力路径对矿柱稳定性的影响,阐释倾斜矿柱比垂直矿柱更容易失稳的原因。最后,采用数值模拟方法研究得到矿柱的应力状态与采用广义Mohr圆分析得到的结果一致,且压剪受载矿柱的破坏模式为非对称的沙漏状。研究结果可为倾斜矿柱的稳定性分析提供一种思路。 相似文献
2.
采用三维有限元方法模拟大团山矿床主矿体的整个回采过程，对永久保安矿柱和采空区顶顶围岩的稳定性等进行了预测，提出了合理的矿柱宽度和改善顶板采空区顶板稳定性的加固措施，加因回采设计方案的确定提供了比较可靠的科学依据。 相似文献
3.
为准确判别矿柱稳定性情况,综合考虑矿柱形状特征量、力学状态量和力学极限量3类指标,选取矿柱宽度、矿柱高度、矿柱宽高比、矿柱约束、矿柱摩擦系数、矿柱应力、矿岩单轴抗压强度、矿柱强度共8个特征作为识别指标,利用独立成分分析旋转森林(ICA-RoF)算法逆构特征指标与矿柱状态之间的非线性映射关系,建立一种基于ICA-RoF算法的矿柱稳定性判别模型。结合工程实例,以150组矿柱样本数据进行训练,采用40次5折交叉验证算法获得最佳模型参数,以剩余12组样本数据对该模型进行检验,并与主成分分析旋转森林算法(PCA-RoF)、CART决策树算法(CDT)和高斯过程分类算法(GPC)进行比较。研究结果表明:ICA-RoF判别模型精度高、泛化能力强,在显著性水平α=0.05的情况下,ICA-RoF明显优于PCA-RoF、CDT和GPC。 相似文献
4.
利用有限差分程序FLAC建立连续和并排的两类非均质矿柱模型,对矿柱在动力载荷循环作用下的破坏过程进行全时程动力分析。将加卸载响应比(LURR)理论引入矿柱动力稳定性分析中,以施加的动力载荷对矿柱作用的周期性变化作为加载量,以矿柱特征点的位移变化和破坏单元的弹性应变能的演化规律作为响应参数,建立矿柱的加卸载响应比模型,确定矿柱在动力载荷作用期间的加卸载响应比时间序列。计算结果表明,矿柱整体上处于稳定状态和趋于失稳时,其加卸载响应比Y值表现出不同的特征,通过对Y值的分析对矿柱的稳定状态进行评价,预测是否临近峰值承载能力,表明在矿柱动力破裂过程数值模拟分析中引入加卸载响应比是矿柱破坏力学行为研究的一种方便而有效的方法。 相似文献
5.
矿柱稳定性影响因素敏感性分析及其应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究矿柱稳定性影响因素的敏感程度,以招金大尹格庄金矿为研究背景,从矿柱载荷、强度、失稳形式及影响因素确定四方面推导出两种矿柱形式的安全系数计算公式,设计采用6因素5水平正交试验对矿柱稳定性影响因素敏感性进行分析,并研究主要影响因素与矿柱安全系数之间的函数关系。研究表明,矿柱宽度、矿体开采深度和矿房宽度3个主要因素对矿柱稳定性影响程度是最为剧烈的;矿柱安全系数随着矿柱宽度地增加呈指数形式递增且递增速率不断加大,随矿体开采深度地增加呈幂函数形式递减且递减速率逐渐变缓,随矿房宽度地增加呈负指数形式递减且降低速率逐渐变慢。利用DPS和Matlab建立的矿柱安全系数回归方程得出保证安全生产的合理矿柱尺寸,矿房宽度应不超过8 m,布置条形矿柱宽度应不小于3.6 m,布置方形矿柱宽度应不小于5.9 m。结合采场矿柱布置实际,应用效果较为理想,可为下中段矿体回采矿块布置提供较好的依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
低标号充填体对采矿环境结构稳定性作用机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用ADINA有限元分析软件,计算分析了3种不同充填高度时的低标号充填体对采矿环境结构稳定性的作用机制。结果显示,分层内随着充填高度增加,结构稳定性具有如下规律：（1）人工顶柱拉应力最大值逐步降低,受力状况逐步得到改善;（2）人工矿柱拉应力首先转化为压应力,然后逐步增大,承载能力逐步得到提高,但达到某一充填高度后,人工矿柱的承载能力增长缓慢,继续充填对提高矿柱承载能力意义不大;（3）人工底柱由受矿柱的挤压作用转变为受充填体的重力作用,拉应力最大值呈现先降低后上升变化规律。综合考虑经济、安全等因素,低标号充填体存在一个最合理的充填高度（2.8 m）。研究结果为采矿环境结构安全施工提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
三山岛金矿控矿断层F1的力学性质及补强措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者以正在开采中的三山岛金矿采场为研究对象，分析矿区开采过程中的岩体结构特征及重力方向矿柱、护顶矿柱与控矿断层F1断层泥及其上覆岩体之间的关系和力学机制。通过试验研究了断层泥的物质成分和力学性质，总结了力学特性与断层泥厚度及含水量之间的关系。在此基础上提出锚固大于中倾角的结构面，提高结构面的抗滑阻力；增加含有高、陡倾角结构面矿柱的刚度等对矿柱的补强措施。对护顶矿柱提出预先锚固；分阶段开采的补强方法。在裂隙密集带设置排水设施，改善断层泥的赋存条件，提高它的力学性能。 相似文献
9.
矿柱强度是评估矿柱稳定性的重要因素之一,矿柱的稳定是地下矿床安全开采的基础。以弹性力学理论为基础,分析了缓倾斜层状矿床中矿柱的受力状态,应用图解法绘制出表征矿柱应力状态的广义莫尔圆。根据应力圆与Mohr-Coulomb强度包络线之间的关系,建立了矿柱强度解析式,分析了莫尔圆圆心所在直线斜率tan_β随矿体倾角的变化特性,并结合数值模拟,研究矿体倾角效应对矿柱强度的影响。研究表明:应力圆圆心所在直线斜率tan_β是矿体倾角θ及侧压系数λ的二元函数,当tan_β取得最大值时,矿柱强度最小;当矿柱宽高比w_p/h_p保持一定且矿体倾角在5°～45°区间时,随着矿体倾角增大,矿柱强度逐渐减小。研究可为缓倾斜层状矿床矿柱强度估算提供参考。 相似文献
10.
为预防地下矿山采空区群系统高应变能的突然释放引发的灾害,通过构建顶板-矿柱三维空间力学模型,利用突变理论和流变力学理论对其稳定性及突变倾向性作定量与定性分析,推导出系统在不同时刻突变并释放能量的数学判据和力学条件,提出系统稳定性的分析算法并验证了其有效性和实用性,在此基础上探讨各影响因子对该系统稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着矿柱流变,系统突变倾向性减小,但顶板整体性逐渐破坏且边界条件依次进入固支、简支和自由边3个阶段,维持系统稳定的矿柱有效承载面积比率临界值 仅在各阶段内连续减小,在顶板简支和自由边的阶段起点处 值突跳增大,3个阶段 值的平均减小速率依次降低;顶板刚度D、上覆岩层荷载 、矿柱面积比率 和空区群尺寸之间的数值关系对系统稳定性起主导作用。该研究结果可为矿山安全开采规划和采空区群系统稳定性评判及调控提供新思路和新方法。 相似文献
11.
Monitoring the performance of rock reinforcement 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A rock mechanics program has been developed and implemented in order to achieve a safe and economical room and pillar extraction of the shallow dipping orebodies at the McArthur River Mine in Australia. Three closely spaced tabular orebodies have been targeted for extraction over the life of the mine and due to economics the lowermost number 2 orebody is being mined first. This paper formulates the calculation of the 2 Orebody hangingwall spans and the appropriate rock reinforcement design for the long-term stability of the room and pillar excavations. The field trials suggested that a rock beam was formed within the hangingwall of the room and pillar operations, arresting any vertical movement of the roof. The results indicated that the weight of the beam is transferred to the pillars via an arching process and there is no need for deep-anchored reinforcement. 相似文献
12.
矿井初步设计中边界防隔水煤岩柱留设探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对一些矿井初步设计中留设边界防隔水煤岩柱不合理而引发矿井老空水矿难的现实,探讨了影响矿井间边界防隔水煤岩柱安全稳定性的因素,提出应充分考虑煤岩柱受覆岩应力破坏变形、覆岩受采动影响产生岩移破坏等,综合分析计算煤柱有效稳定性弹性核区宽度、覆岩导水裂缝带上限岩柱宽度及其抗静水压能力等,择优选取留设矿井边界防隔水煤岩柱。以济宁煤田济宁二矿与三矿边界煤柱的留设为例,计算其边界煤柱留设尺寸为99.56m,较原设计的40m有较大出入,据此对两矿井边界隔离煤柱进行了相应调整,确保了矿井的安全生产。该方法也可用于矿井留设采区、区段隔离煤柱的计算。 相似文献
13.
The study of rock pillar failure mechanisms is an issue that is faced routinely in mining and civil industries. In mining operation, the establishment of several mining levels is often necessary to ensure adequate production. This result in the formation of pillars that must be recovered under often high stress conditions at later stages of excavation. It is, therefore, beneficial to develop guidelines that can be used in the design of rock pillars. The aim of this paper is to delve into the mechanisms involved in pillar failure as well as to investigate the non-linear behavior of rock pillars. An extensive numerical analysis was carried out to study the pillar deformation and failure process under natural loading conditions. Effects of pillar geometry and pillar strength parameters on pillar behavior were investigated for hard rock material typical of Canadian mining conditions. Numerical data were compared against field data recorded in Canadian mines. A fairly good match was achieved between numerical and field data and the conducted analysis can be used as a qualitative guideline in the design of rock pillars in underground structures. 相似文献
14.
J. F. Abel Jr. 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1988,6(3):215-248
Summary Soft rock pillars can be designed by several methods available in the mining literature. All of these methods include the effect of shape, or geometry, on the average strength of specimens and pillars. All of the pillar design methods include some measurement of the strength of specimens of the pillar rock. The most common rock specimen strength property measured is the unconfined compressive strength. However, the average strength of triaxially confined rock specimens is much greater than the unconfined specimen strength, which can be more important to pillar strength. The estimation of the strength of a pillar is complicated by the decrease in rock specimen strength with increase in specimen size.Editor's note: In common with North American engineering practise, the paper uses English units throughout, where feasible conversions are included in the text. Where not, the following factors may be used: 1 inch=25.4 mm; 1 ft=0.3048 m; 1 lbf/in.–2=6.895 kn/m–2; 1Tonf.=8.896 kN. 相似文献
15.
小净距隧道中夹岩受到两侧开挖的剧烈扰动,处于单向或双向受力的不利状态,严重影响施工安全,而预应力全长注浆对拉锚杆常用于中夹岩的主动支护。为阐明对拉锚杆的作用模式和控制机制,建立相应的力学模型和解析方法,开展实测验证,并进行参数分析和工程应用。研究表明：对拉锚杆为中夹岩提供强力水平约束,并提高岩体力学性能,发挥挤压加固作用;对拉锚杆利用剪切摩阻改善浅层围岩受力状态,同时锚固深部岩体,具有承载传力效果;对拉锚杆轴力和剪应力均由两侧向中间非线性衰减,作用范围局限于浅层中夹岩,实测结果验证了理论方法的合理性;进行了对拉锚杆的参数分析,提出了对拉锚杆临界长度、合理锚杆直径等工程建议;结合京张高铁长城站小净距隧道实践,主动增强对拉锚杆设计参数,变更后围岩压力、拱顶沉降和水平收敛的实测均值分别降低12.2%、14.1%和10.2%,保障了隧道开挖的安全。 相似文献
16.
特厚煤层小煤柱沿空掘巷数值分析及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿空掘巷开采技术成功的关键主要取决于采场覆岩稳定的时间和沿空掘巷的位置。采场采动岩体运动导致围岩应力重新分布,动态采场应力作用于围岩并使其状态发生灾变是发生矿山灾害的根本原因。特厚煤层分层综采巷道布置（包括内错、外错和垂直）,合理确定煤柱尺寸、巷道支护方式和参数选择能够最大可能发挥围岩的自承能力,是提高巷道稳定的重要保证。在稳定的内应力场范围内布置小煤柱护巷,能够明显提高巷道围岩稳定状态,减少巷道维护费用。通过理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,对特厚煤层下分层沿空掘巷小煤柱不同巷道布置设计,通过煤柱的应力、应变和位移进行对比分析,确定特厚煤层下分层沿空掘巷合理的巷道位置和煤柱尺寸及上覆岩层防控技术,并得到工程验证是正确可靠的,从而为特厚煤层小煤柱开采技术提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
17.
Asghar Siahmansouri Javad Gholamnejad Mohammad Fatehi Marji 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):1059-1066
Twin tunnels can be used for many applications. Interaction between two tunnels is an important problem in tunnel engineering that should be studied specially. Numerical investigations are well adapted to field data and numerical methods can be used in design of rock pillar of twin circular tunnels. So far, no relationship has been provided to estimate the minimum stable rock pillar width. In this paper, the interaction between twin circular tunnels has been studied using 2D finite element analysis. To do this, a great number of twin tunnels were modeled in Phase2 software with different conditions of rock mass (RMR value) and depth of tunnel. Models were analyzed and minimum stable rock pillar width was determined. This process was repeated for three different ratios of K (ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress, 0.5, 1, and 1.5). Finally, according to the linear and nonlinear regression methods, the best merit function was fitted to result of numerical analysis. Then, new approximate formula was proposed to estimate the minimum rock pillar width according to RMR value and depth of twin circular tunnels with different K values. The formulae are very accurate (coefficient of correlation equals to minimum 0.96) that can be used for estimating the minimum rock pillar width of twin circular tunnels. 相似文献
18.
确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
19.
S. Y. Wang S. W. Sloan M. L. Huang C. A. Tang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):179-198
Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic
emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented
for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness,
but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars,
the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent
rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial
compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when
two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure
zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage
always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance
with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state
in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external
loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes
of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same. 相似文献
20.
岩石结构稳定性问题是岩土工程实践中迫切需要解决的重要课题之一。文章以地震为例，讨论了地质灾害的局部化特征，介绍了经典弹、塑性理论的某些缺陷及梯度塑性理论的几点优越性：(1)控制方程总是适定的；(2)病态网格依赖性消失；(3)局部化带宽度由材料的内部长度完全确定；(4)可对岩石结构的尺寸效应及失稳回跳进行合理解释和预测；(5)对预测宏观及微观问题均比较有效。介绍了基于梯度塑性理论的岩石变形、破坏及稳定性研究进展。梯度塑性理论可用于研究单轴压缩条件下，岩石试件发生剪切破坏时全程应力一应变曲线、尺寸效应、剪切带倾角尺寸效应及失稳回跳等问题。它们对土木工程及岩土工程均十分重要。若将单轴压缩岩样比拟为矿柱，则该失稳判据即为矿柱岩爆准则。梯度塑性理论可用于研究韧性断层带内部应变、应变率分布规律、断层带错动位移及带内孔隙度分布规律，为韧性断层带定量分析提供了新的手段。此外，该理论还可对直剪试验机——岩样系统不稳定性进行分析，系统失稳可比拟为断层岩爆。发展基于梯度塑性理论尺度律及失稳判据等解析解一方面可加深对岩石变形、破坏的理解；另一方面。还可用来检验数值结果的正确性。 相似文献