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1.
提出秦岭泥盆纪热水沉积岩相，划分了热水沉积岩相的亚相，微相，并总结其特征，按成岩成矿作用方式可划分为热水同生沉积亚相，热水同生交代亚相，热水浊流沉积亚相，热水液压致裂一隐爆亚相，热卤水渗滤交代亚相，热水（岩浆）流体隐爆－液压致裂亚相等6个亚相，沉积盆地分析中，它们是建立热水沉积盆地中地层格架的构造岩石地层单位组成单元，按地球化学动力学－岩石组合可划分为硅质岩亚相，重晶石岩亚相，钠长石岩亚相，铁镁碳酸盐岩亚相，方柱石－黑云母岩亚相，硫化物岩亚相等6个亚相，在热水沉积成矿盆地的地球化学分析与模拟中，它们是建立热水沉积体系及古热水成矿流体场地球化学类型的岩石地球化学地层层序单元及古热水成矿流体场地球化学类型单元。 相似文献
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贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿热水沉积特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿床地质储量3 302万t,属大型矿床类型。通过对矿床沉积结构、构造特征研究发现,矿床（体）中分布:纹层状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、碎屑状构造、块状构造等,它们与天柱-大河边重晶石矿、广西古潭热水沉积重晶石岩及北秦岭二郎坪群热水沉积重晶石岩类似,海底热水喷流形成的热水喷流通道相、单一热水沉积岩相及热水混合同生沉积相在镇宁重晶石矿层中广泛分布,共同构成了热水浊流沉积相,这与秦岭泥盆系热水沉积岩（矿）类似,矿层沉积结构、构造及岩相特征很好的记录了海底热水喷流、演化的信息,沉积韵律特征说明了热水喷流由弱-强-弱的变化过程。海底热水喷流沉积形成的镇宁重晶石矿中热水沉积结构、构造及热水沉积岩相发育,是研究古热水喷流沉积成岩、成矿、划分热水沉积岩相的理想场所。 相似文献
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拉张下陷无疑是秦岭泥盆纪的构造环境,其特殊之处在于发生在华北板块与扬子板块对接之后不久,就控制了泥盆纪海陆分布、沉积物和矿产形成以及相应的热水作用。本文对秦岭泥盆系出现较多的硅质岩、钠质岩和重晶石岩的地质地球化学特征进行了研究,论证了它们属热水沉积岩,并进一步区分出硅质岩属热水沉积成因、钠质岩属热水沉积交代成因,而重晶石岩是热水与海水混合反应形成的。同时对秦岭泥盆系的热水沉积岩与7种主要金属、贵金属矿产的关系进行了研究,提出海底热水作用是秦岭泥盆纪的主要地质事件之一,并相应地形成3种热水沉积含矿建造和热水沉积成矿系列。 相似文献
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拉张下陷无疑是秦岭泥盆纪的构造环境,其特殊之处在于发生在华北板块与扬子板块对接之后不久,就控制了泥盆纪海陆分布、沉积物和矿产形成以及相应的热水作用。本文对秦岭泥盆系出现较多的硅质岩、钠质岩和重晶石岩的地质地球化学特征进行了研究,论证了它们属热水沉积岩,并进一步区分出硅质岩属热水沉积成因、钠质岩属热水沉积交代成因,而重晶石岩是热水与海水混合反应形成的。同时对秦岭泥盆系的热水沉积岩与7种主要金属、贵金属矿产的关系进行了研究,提出海底热水作用是秦岭泥盆纪的主要地质事件之一,并相应地形成3种热水沉积含矿建造和热水沉积成矿系列。 相似文献
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秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法初探——兼论秦岭超大型金属矿集区的研究与勘查 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地为例, 讨论了热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法（１）, 在这些盆地中已发现了一批大型－超大型矿床, 也是秦岭超大型矿集区的研究原理、研究及研究内容等基本准则。提出盆地充填史、盆地内同生构造作用等研究沉积盆地形成与发展。认为秦岭热水沉积成矿盆地具有分级特征, 热水沉积岩相是主要的物质组成。总结了秦岭中（火山）热水沉积成矿盆地、深水缺氧环境中热水沉积成矿盆地、叠合盆地、复合盆地、拉分盆地、裂陷盆地等六种构造－沉积岩相时间－空间组合模式, 它们是超大型金属矿床产出部位。 相似文献
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热水沉积岩及矿物岩石标志 总被引：32，自引：2，他引：32
热水沉积物不同于普通沉积物 ,主要与热水流体类型有关。文中把热水流体划分为中高温热水流体与中低温热水流体。中高温热水沉积岩包括钾长石岩、硅质岩、电气石岩、钠长石岩、萤石岩 ;中低温热水沉积岩包括碳酸盐、硫酸盐等岩石。钾长石岩是文中确定的一种标准高温热水沉积岩 ,热水沉积钾长石以冰长石和钡长石为主 ;热水沉积碳酸盐矿物一般为铁、镁、锰、钙碳酸盐 ,碳酸盐的形成与CO2 和H2 O的不混溶温度有关 ,一般在不混溶温度 ,即 2 66℃以下生成 ,或在海水补偿线以上形成。热水沉积岩中有热水交代蚀变岩夹层 ,尤其是在高温热水活动区 ,可以交代泥质、钙泥质沉积物形成热水交代沉积岩 ,包括方柱石黑云母岩、透辉石透闪石岩、夕卡岩、绿泥石岩等。根据对霍各乞铜多金属矿床的研究 ,热水交代透辉石透闪石岩的稀土总量较低 ,表现为轻稀土富集 ,重稀土亏损 ,稀土配分模式表现为正Eu异常 相似文献
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扬子地块北部被动边缘的南秦岭古生代沉积盆地中,发育一套自早古生代—中生代以来的碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩沉积建造,形成规模巨大独具特色的以铅锌金为主的多金属成矿带。伸展构造体制下形成的裂陷或断陷型盆地中,正常水成沉积与热水沉积同盆共存。正常水成沉积中叠加的热水沉积是一个"突发事件或灾变事件",具有特殊的物质组成和产态。通过对区内沉积成矿盆地的识别、分级,二级沉积盆地中边缘部位常发育多个三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地,它受控于沉积盆地中的同生断裂,具有沉积岩相、热水沉积岩组合、显著成矿作用及物化探异常广布的特点。三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地是矿床定位的构造空间,四级热水沉积洼地为矿体(矿层)的容纳空间。区内热水沉积岩主要为重晶石(毒重石)岩、硅质岩、钠长石岩和铁碳酸盐岩类,铅锌重晶石等矿产多产于热水沉积岩中或上盘。热水沉积形成一般由早期的热水喷发交代→主期热水喷流→晚期热水喷气演变。早期的热水喷发交代往往沿矿液喷发通道,形成网脉状、角砾状矿化;主期热水喷流主要形成多金属及热水喷流相,形成块状、条带状、层纹状矿石或热水沉积岩;晚期热水喷气主要形成浸染状矿石和热水喷气岩石。 相似文献
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热水沉积硅岩的地球化学 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
随着层控矿床研究的不断深入,一种新的岩石类型——热水沉积岩,尤其是热水沉积硅岩,已受到矿床学与岩石学家们的极大关注,并且被认为是20世纪80年代地球科学的一项重大进展。但如何区别热水沉积硅岩与其它成因硅岩呢?本文从岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、氧和硅同位素等方面介绍了热水沉积硅岩的地球化学特征。 相似文献
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南秦岭造山带安康石梯—旬阳神河一带早古生代为裂陷沉积盆地区,发育一套深水相“硅、灰、泥”沉积建造,伸展构造体制下形成的裂陷型盆地中,具有典型的深水沉积、火山喷流沉积与热水沉积同盆共存,形成规模巨大独具特色的以重晶石、磁铁矿为主的多金属成矿带.热水沉积成矿盆地构造-沉积相反映了不同的构造变形-岩石组合-地球化学-沉积岩相的多维组合.南秦岭带三级热水沉积盆地发育的构造-沉积相,可初步划分为3种类型:(火山)热水沉积成矿盆地构造-沉积相、深水缺氧环境中裂陷沉积成矿盆地的构造-沉积相、碳酸盐岩台地浅水沉积盆地的构造-沉积相.(火山)热水沉积成矿盆地构造沉积相主要表现为火山沉积、热水沉积、深水化学沉积、热水沉积成矿四位一体.裂陷沉积成矿盆地的构造沉积相主要表现为热水沉积、深水化学沉积、热水沉积成矿三位一体.碳酸盐岩浅水沉积盆地的构造沉积相主要表现为正常浅水沉积、热水沉积、热水沉积成矿三位一体.通过对区内沉积成矿盆地的识别分析,三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地受控于盆地中的同生断裂和火山活动,具有沉积岩相、热水沉积岩组合、火山喷流沉积组合、显著成矿作用及物化探异常分布.三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地是矿床定位的构造空间,四级热水沉积洼地为矿体(矿层)的容纳空间.区内热水沉积岩主要为重晶石(毒重石)岩、硅质岩、磁铁钠长石岩和铁碳酸盐岩类,重晶石、磁铁矿等矿产多产于热水沉积岩中或火山(喷流)沉积岩的上盘. 相似文献
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A fundamentally distinct, sulfide-poor variant of intense acid (advanced argillic) alteration occurs at the highest structural levels in iron oxide-rich hydrothermal systems. Understanding the mineralogy, and geochemical conditions of formation in these sulfide-poor mineral assemblages have both genetic and environmental implications. New field observations and compilation of global occurrences of low-sulfur advanced argillic alteration demonstrates that in common with the sulfide-rich variants of advanced argillic alteration, sulfide-poor examples exhibit nearly complete removal of alkalis, leaving a residuum of aluminum-silicate + quartz. In contrast, the sulfur-poor variants lack the abundant pyrite ± other sulfides, hypogene alunite, Al-leached rocks (residual “vuggy” quartz) as well as the Au-Cu-Ag ± As-rich mineralization of some sulfur-rich occurrences. Associated mineralization is dominated by magnetite and/or hematite with accessory elements such as Cu, Au, REE, and P. These observations presented here indicate there must be distinct geologic processes that result in the formation of low-sulfur advanced argillic styles of alteration.Hydrolysis of magmatic SO2 to sulfuric acid is the most commonly recognized mechanism for generating hypogene advanced argillic alteration, but is not requisite for its formation. Low sulfur iron-oxide copper-gold systems are known to contain abundant acid-styles of alteration (e.g. sericitic, chloritic), which locally reaches advanced argillic assemblages. A compilation of mapping in four districts in northern Chile and reconnaissance observations elsewhere show systematic zoning from near surface low-sulfide advanced argillic alteration through chlorite-sericite-albite and locally potassic alteration. The latter is commonly associated with specular hematite-chalcopyrite mineralization. Present at deeper structural levels are higher-temperature styles of sodic-calcic (oligoclase/scapolite – actinolite) alteration associated with magnetite ± chalcopyrite mineralization. These patterns are in contrast to the more sulfur-rich examples which generally zone to higher pyrite and locally alunite-bearing alteration.Fluid inclusion evidence from the systems in northern Chile shows that many fluids contain 25 to >50 wt% NaCleq with appreciable Ca, Fe, and K contents with trapping temperatures >300 °C. These geological and geochemical observations are consistent with the origin of the low-sulfur advanced argillic assemblages from HCl generated by precipitation of iron oxides from iron chloride complexes from a high-salinity fluid by reactions such as 3FeCl2 + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 6HCl + H2. Such HCl-rich (and relatively HSO4=-poor) fluids can then account for the intense acid, Al-silicate-rich styles of alteration observed at high levels in some iron-oxide-coppe-gold (IOCG) systems. The geochemical differences between the presence of sulfide-rich and sulfur-poor examples of advanced argillic alteration are important to distinguishing between system types and the acid-producing capacity of the system, including in the modern weathering environment. They have fundamental implications for effective mineral exploration in low-sulfur systems and provide yet another vector of exposed alteration in the enigmatic IOCG clan of mineral deposits. Furthermore, understanding the geochemistry and mineralogy of this distinct geologic environment has applications to understanding the acid generating capacity and deleterious heavy metals associated with advanced argillic alteration. 相似文献
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深海热液活动是当今科学研究的热点,本文基于近年有关热液活动的各种模型,系统分析比较了热液柱的上升高度与热通量等参数变化规律,并对现有的热液羽状流模型和考虑洋壳特性的经验模型进行了分析。主要研究结果有:(1)热液柱上升高度与底部横向流和热源特性密切相关,单个热液喷口热通量和羽状热液柱中性浮力层模型热液热通量达109W/m2;(2)热液羽状流受多种因素影响,热液柱面积的轮廓,羽状热液柱各处的含盐量、潜在温度、速度可随深度改变发生变化;(3)考虑洋壳特性后,其浮力通量和热液柱最大的上升高度均有变化,上升高度可达1000多m,热通量达108W/m2。上述模型和参数可为进一步深入研究热液羽流运动机制和建立热液活动正演和反演模型提供参考。 相似文献
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P. Megalovasilis 《Geochemistry International》2014,52(11):992-1010
The geochemical study of 5 sediment cores obtained from different shallow hydrothermal fields along the volcanic arc (Methana, Milos, Kos and Yali), revealed that the degree of rock hydrothermal alteration from one area to another is different and is influenced by the physical and geochemical properties of the hydrothermal venting fluids and the type of the rocks in the substrate. The submarine hydrothermal fields in the central Aegean Sea are linked with the Hellenic Volcanic Arc and imprint their hydrothermal influence on the local marine sediments. Hydrothermal venting fluids differ in pH, temperature, gas and metallic element content, intensity of gas and water flux, while rock substrate is variable in terms of thickness and chemistry of the marine sediments and the mineral deposits. The analytical results showed that the lowest values of Fe are observed in Palaeochori Bay (0.72%) and the highest values are found in Bros Thermi (2.72%). The highest Mn concentrations are found in Bros Thermi (407 ppm) and the lowest are found in Yali (29 ppm). Cu and Pb highest concentrations are found in Bros Thermi (21 ppm) and Thiafi Bay (16 ppm), and the lowest in Yali (1 ppm). Zn highest values are found in Bros Thermi (56 ppm) and the lowest values in Kephalos Bay (10 ppm). Finally, the Ca and Mg-richest layers are observed in Kephalos 7.5 and 0.98% respectively and the lowest are observed in Milos (0.01% for Ca) and Yali (0.12% for Mg). The hydrothermal activity presented variations with geological time and hydrothermal suspended particulate matter coming out from the vent outlets also influence the sediment geochemistry. As an example in Methana, high concentrations of Cu and Zn in SPM result in high levels of Cu and Zn in the sediments. 相似文献
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The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) in massive sulfides and hematite–magnetite±pyrite assemblages from the
recently discovered basalt-hosted Turtle Pits hydrothermal field and in massive sulfides from the ultramafic-hosted Logatchev
vent field both on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was studied and compared to that from selected ancient volcanic-hosted massive sulfide
(VHMS) deposits. Cu-rich samples from black smoker chimneys of both vent fields are enriched in Pd and Rh (Pd up to 227 ppb
and Rh up to 149 ppb) when compared to hematite–magnetite-rich samples from Turtle Pits (Pd up to 10 ppb, Rh up to 1.9 ppb).
A significant positive correlation was established between Cu and Rh in sulfide samples from Turtle Pits. PGE chondrite-normalized
patterns (with a positive Rh anomaly and Pd and Au enrichment), Pd/Pt and Pd/Au ratios close to global MORB, and high values
of Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir ratios indicate mafic source rock and seawater involvement in the hydrothermal system at Turtle Pits. Similarly
shaped PGE chondrite-normalized patterns and high values of Pd/Pt and Pd/Ir ratios in Cu-rich sulfides at Logatchev likely
reflect a similar mechanism of PGE enrichment but with involvement of ultramafic source rocks. 相似文献
16.
岩浆热场指的是很短时间内一个局部地区出现的岩浆活动使该区域地热梯度明显上升,形成局部区域的瞬间热场。热场的规模通常很小,离岩体约几米至几千米。范围、规模和形状与侵入体的温度、成分、形态、大小、侵入深度以及流体、构造、围岩性质等有关。岩浆热场最重要的意义在于它是流体赖以上升的场所。岩浆热场不同于地热场的一个重要区别是,岩浆热场往往伴有流体的活动,是流体循环、上升、汲取地壳中有用金属元素的场所。文中讨论了岩浆热场与热液多金属成矿之间的关系,讨论了岩浆热场在岩浆热液矿床、热泉型矿床、热水沉积矿床以及变质热液矿床成矿过程中的作用。岩浆热场对于热液多金属成矿作用的影响是非常明显的,它从一个新的角度解释了成矿为什么是多金属、多成因、多来源等问题。文中强调指出,岩浆热场说解释了为什么大规模岩浆活动与大规模成矿作用密切相关,指出大规模岩浆活动产生的热效应不是1+1=2,而是1+12的效果。即它可以在一个局部范围内把岩浆热场从一个开放体系变为封闭体系,在这个封闭体系内,固岩可以达到更高的温度,热可以持续更长的时间,促进热场范围内流体的对流循环,使流体可以从围岩中汲取尽可能多的有用金属元素,起到单个岩浆无法比拟的效果。许多大型一超大型的多金属矿床即可能与这种作用有关。从热场说角度来看,大规模岩浆活动的成矿潜力几乎是无可限量的。文中还讨论了岩浆热场说的原理及应用中存在的问题,指出岩浆热场说与成矿的关系非常值得关注,它也许可以改变目前对成矿作用的某些固有认识,开拓出一个新领域。 相似文献
17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(8):912-917
The paragenetic association of uranium and native arsenic in an undisclosed sulfide-uranium deposit indicates the possibility of high arsenic concentration in hydrothermal solutions depositing pitchblende at low temperatures. --E. A. Alexandrov. 相似文献
18.
Speleogenetic history of the Hungarian hydrothermal karst 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Y. V. Dublyansky 《Environmental Geology》1995,25(1):24-35
The hydrothermal karst of Hungary displays at least two principal stages of development in two differing environments. Caves of an early stage were formed within a deep zone of low thermal gradient. These caves (vugs) are small (tens of centimeters) and lined with scalenohedral crystals of calcite that are often in association with barite. Calcite yields fluid inclusion temperatures of 55–95°C and is depleted in18O (–11.2 to –17.6 per mil PDB). The caves were formed by ascending thermal waters charged with CO2. Solubility of CaCO3 in such a system gradually increases with the ascent of the fluid (solutional zone) but drops sharply at a depth of –250 m to –500 m below the water surface (depositional zone). Caves formed in the solutional zone may be shifted into the depositional zone due to tectonic uplift, and calcite lines their walls. Large caves (tens to thousands of cubic meters) of a late stage were formed within a shallow zone of high thermal gradient immediately below and above the thermal water table. The calcite of the phreatic crusts has a rhombohedral habit, displays lower fluid inclusion temperatures (35–55°C and less), and a depletion in18O of –9.5 to –14.6 per mil PDB. Several powerful cave-forming processes may operate there including convection, mixing/cooling corrosion, and condensation corrosion. Due to differences in the rate of tectonic uplift, rate of hydrothermal system decay, and hydrogeologic pattern, these caves were either filled with water for a long period of time (phreatic calcite crusts are formed) or partly dewatered early in their history (waterline and subaerial speleothems are formed). The zones of thermal cave formation recognized in Hungary may have a universal character. Very similar features are found in other hydrothermal karst areas of the world (Kirghizia, Algeria, South Dakota). 相似文献