共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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为查明本达铁矿尾矿库对下游地下水与地表水环境的影响,以尾矿库及其下游地下水与地表水为重点进行了区域性的野外调查采样与室内水化学分析工作。通过对采取水样的水化学分析结果进行统计,计算出各采样位置地下水与地表水各项指标的变异系数,进而对现状条件下尾矿库下游地下水环境进行评价。对尾矿库下游地表水,采用河流完全混合模型计算出地表水污染的排污阀值。对尾矿库下游地下水,采用一维定浓度边界水动力弥散模型计算出下游地下水污染的排污阀值。 相似文献
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稳定同位素因其指纹效应已成为分析矿区污染来源的重要技术手段。文章以招远金矿区为例,应用硫同位素联合水化学分析、聚类分析及氢氧同位素分析招远金矿区水污染特征和成因。通过分析可知,矿区内地表水和地下水主要接受大气降水补给,水力联系密切。水化学类型以SO4—Ca和SO4—Na型为主,阴离子以SO42-为主,地表水和地下水的NO3-和Cl-在空间上变异性较大。地表水硫酸盐含量普遍偏高,硫酸盐污染较为严重,高值区出现在玲珑金矿、金翅岭金矿和张星镇附近;而地下水高值区都出现在玲珑金矿附近,且SO42-浓度沿着径流方向逐渐降低。地表水中硫酸盐δ34S值介于1.8‰~9.8‰,地下水中硫酸盐δ34S值介于2.7‰~9.6‰,地表水和地下水硫酸盐含量受玲珑金矿硫化、玲珑花岗岩和胶东岩群影响明显。在地下水径流途中,有地表水入渗污染地下水的现象。另外,工业废水的排放也是硫酸盐含量升高的主要原因。研究表明:硫同位素在金矿区硫酸盐污染的来源和特征方面有很好的指示作用,是评价矿山开采对地下水污染的有效工具。 相似文献
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本文论述了某污染的工业废物填埋场场址的地质、水文地质条件,应用水化学方法、环境同位素技术(地下水中氚及氢、氧稳定同位素)和同位素单孔示踪技术等同位素水文学领域中的新方法对区内地下水的活动条件以及填埋场场址区分布的第四系孔隙潜水和第三纪红层孔隙-裂隙水的成因进行了分析,测量并确定了填埋场下部地下水的流速及流向。研究结果表明场区地下水的运动与地表水无直接水力联系。污染的工业废物填埋后不会通过地下水的迁移造成对地表水的污染,进而证实填埋场的地质、水文地质条件对处置污染的工业废物是安全可靠的。 相似文献
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玛纳斯河流域地表水，地下水转化关系研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
玛纳斯河流域属内陆盆地，水资源的一个重要特征是地下水与地表水关系密切，是两个相互依存，相互制约而又相对独立的水资源子系统，本文以可持续发展为宗旨，水资源的开发利用与社会，经济和生态环境协调发展为原则，通过建立地下水模拟模型，研究了水资源不同开发利用方案下的地下水动态变化趋势. 相似文献
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Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentrations can make groundwater unsuitable for public consumption and surface water unsuitable for irrigation and agricultural activities. This study envisages the fluctuations of ground and surface water quality of Bentota area in the presence of seawater intrusion. The temporal and spatial variations of eleven water parameters were monitored by collecting the water samples during one year period. Spatial distributions were assessed by applying the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in Arc GIS 10.5 software. Water quality is assessed on the integration of all parameters in terms of an index based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The significant linear relationship between the considered parameters of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) were identified applying correlation analysis using SPSS software. All parameters of surface water were above the permissible limits of WHO standards. Surface water quality index values with respect to 60% of canals show very poor quality (>1 250) of surface water indicating their unsuitability for irrigation activities. Those surface water bodies indicated very highly saline conditions during dry months. The spatial distribution of ground water quality index with respect to the highest parameter values of each sampling location indicates that 52.2% of total land extent of Bentota Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) has good quality of ground water which is suitable for drinking. Its 47.2% of total land extent has poor quality of ground water for drinking purpose and less than 0.5% of the area consists of excellent or very poor quality of ground water in each. This study helps to manage coastal aquifers by understanding the extreme water quality conditions and coastal salinity. 相似文献
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Seawater flows towards the inlands along with the rivers and canals, through the process of infiltration and leaks in the ground water characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. High salinity concentrations can make groundwater unsuitable for public consumption and surface water unsuitable for irrigation and agricultural activities. This study envisages the fluctuations of ground and surface water quality of Bentota area in the presence of seawater intrusion. The temporal and spatial variations of eleven water parameters were monitored by collecting the water samples during one year period. Spatial distributions were assessed by applying the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method in Arc GIS 10.5 software. Water quality is assessed on the integration of all parameters in terms of an index based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The significant linear relationship between the considered parameters of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) were identified applying correlation analysis using SPSS software. All parameters of surface water were above the permissible limits of WHO standards. Surface water quality index values with respect to 60% of canals show very poor quality (>1 250) of surface water indicating their unsuitability for irrigation activities. Those surface water bodies indicated very highly saline conditions during dry months. The spatial distribution of ground water quality index with respect to the highest parameter values of each sampling location indicates that 52.2% of total land extent of Bentota Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) has good quality of ground water which is suitable for drinking. Its 47.2% of total land extent has poor quality of ground water for drinking purpose and less than 0.5% of the area consists of excellent or very poor quality of ground water in each. This study helps to manage coastal aquifers by understanding the extreme water quality conditions and coastal salinity. 相似文献
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水资源计算评价中的两点质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河水基流量是地下水资源量,应从地表水径流量中扣除.灌溉水回渗补给地下水量已转化为地下水,具有二次开发利用的功能,应包括在总水资源中,不应将其视为重复量,从总水资源中扣除. 相似文献
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Electromagnetic radiation, in its passage through the atmosphere, is attenuated by absorption and scattering by atmospheric
gases, dust and aerosols. The most important absorber is water vapour and the most significant parameter in atmospheric absorption
studies is the total precipitable water in the atmosphere. The present paper summarises the results of a study made to compute
the total precipitable water in the atmosphere over India using radiosonde and other data, as part of a programme for the
computation of direct, global and diffuse solar radiation at the ground from the solar constant. Using values of air temperature
and dew point from the ground up to 250 mb at 19 radiosonde stations and surface water vapour mixing ratio values at 105 surface
observatories in India, precipitable water amounts have been computed for 124 stations, for each month and for the whole year.
The paper describes the techniques used to extend the total precipitable water amounts derived from radiosonde data at 19
stations to 124 stations covering the major climatic zones in the country and presents the results in the form of 12 maps
showing the spatial and temporal distribution of total precipitable water over India 相似文献
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This paper describes the influence of seasonal variations of the ground water table on free field traffic-induced vibrations. The passage of a truck on two types of road unevenness is considered: a joint in a road pavement consisting of concrete plates and a speed bump with a sinusoidal profile. Free field vibrations are computed with a two-step solution procedure, where the computation of the vehicle axle loads is decoupled from the solution of the road–soil interaction problem. The impedance of the soil is calculated using a boundary element method, based on the Green's functions for a dry layer on top of a saturated half-space. It is demonstrated that, in the low-frequency range of interest, wave propagation in the saturated half-space can be modelled with an equivalent single phase medium as an alternative to Biot's poroelastic theory for saturated porous media. The relation between the free field velocity and the depth of the ground water table is dominated by three phenomena: (1) the compressibility of the soil decreases due to the presence of the pore water, (2) the ground water table introduces a layering of the soil which may cause resonance of the dry layer and (3) refracted P-waves in the dry layer interfere with surface waves. If the depth of the ground water table is large with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a dry half-space. The average free field velocity is equal to the velocity in the absence of ground water. If the depth of the ground water table is small with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a saturated half-space and resonance of the dry layer does not occur. The average free field velocity is smaller than the velocity in the absence of ground water. The interference of refracted P-waves and surface waves causes an additional oscillation of the response as a function of the excitation frequency and the distance between the road and the receiver. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Rare-earth element (REE) distribution patterns of surface water and commonly also of ground water from industrialised and highly populated areas show anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd) anomalies. They result from the application of organic Gd compounds, such as the derivatives of the gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA), as a contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging. After excretion from the human body, the Gd complex enters the surface water mostly by the effluents of sewage treatment plants. The chemical complex is very stable over at least 6 months under natural conditions. Owing to its anionic state, it is neither adsorbed onto surfaces of abundant clay mineral particles nor by particulate organic matter, both strongly contrasting with the behaviour of the free REE ions. Thus, this complex behaves like a pseudo-natural marker and provides a tool for tracing the mixing of surface and ground water with recycled water, and the infiltration of surface water into aquifers. In urban areas, where water production is commonly based on bank filtration, the anthropogenic Gd of the surface water can be followed to the water production wells. Like boron, δD and δ18O, Gd can be used as a marker in the estimation of the recycled water fraction in ground water systems. Examples of anthropogenic Gd distribution in surface water, sewage and ground water in Berlin, Germany, are discussed. Mixing ratios of bank filtrates and ground water are estimated. 相似文献
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Hydrogen sulfide occurs in high concentration (10–200 mg/l) in different parts of Kuwait City and its suburbs at relatively
shallow depths (15–40 m from the surface). This was revealed by drilling through the aquifer system underlying the city and
sampling and analyzing the ground water at the drilled locations. The near-absence of coliform bacteria in the sulfide-rich
zones, the presence of sulfur-reducing bacteria in the deep (>80 m) Dammam Formation aquifer and a linear positive relation
between the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and the total dissolved solids content suggested non-anthropogenic origin of
the sulfide in the ground water of Kuwait. The upward movement of sulfide-rich water from depth and its differential flushing
by surface recharge through outcrops of the aquifers appear to have given rise to the present distribution of hydrogen sulfide
in the aquifers underlying the Kuwait City. 相似文献
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本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究，分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系，并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨，认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源，地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系，地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3％。西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区，其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区，东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区。 相似文献