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1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101490
Rainfall infiltration poses a disastrous threat to the slope stability in many regions around the world. This paper proposes an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)-based stochastic analysis framework to estimate the rainfall-induced slope failure probability. An unsaturated slope under rainfall infiltration in spatially varying soils is selected in this study to investigate the influences of the spatial variability of soil properties (including effective cohesion c′, effective friction angle φ′ and saturated hydraulic conductivity ks), as well as rainfall intensity and rainfall pattern on the slope failure probability. Results show that the proposed framework in this study is capable of computing the failure probability with accuracy and high efficiency. The spatial variability of ks cannot be overlooked in the reliability analysis. Otherwise, the rainfall-induced slope failure probability will be underestimated. It is found that the rainfall intensity and rainfall pattern have significant effect on the probability of failure. Moreover, the failure probabilities under various rainfall intensities and patterns can be easily obtained with the aid of the proposed framework, which can provide timely guidance for the landslide emergency management departments. 相似文献
2.
A cross-correlation analysis is conducted to determine the impacts of the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity Ks, soil cohesion c′ and soil friction angle (tan φ′) on the uncertainty of slope stability in time and space during rainfall. We find the relative importance of tan φ′ and c′ depends on the effective stress. While the sensitivity of the stability to the variability of Ks is small, the large coefficient of variation of Ks may exacerbate the variability of pore-water pressure. Therefore, characterizing the heterogeneity of hydraulic properties and pore-water distribution in the field is critical to the stability analysis. 相似文献
3.
The hydraulic conductivity represents an important indicator parameter in the generation and redistribution of excess pore pressure of sand–silt mixture soil deposits during earthquakes. This paper aims to determine the relationship between the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand–silt mixtures and how much they are affected by the percentage of low plastic fines (finer than 0.074 mm) and void ratio of the soil. The results of flexible wall permeameter and undrained monotonic triaxial tests carried out on samples reconstituted from Chlef river sand with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % non-plastic silt at an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa and two initial relative densities (D r = 20, 91 %) are presented and discussed. It was found that the undrained shear strength (liquefaction resistance) can be correlated to the fines content, intergranular void ratio and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results obtained from this study reveal that the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k sat) of the sand mixed with 50 % low plastic fines can be, in average, four orders of magnitude smaller than that of the clean sand. The results show also that the global void ratio could not be used as a pertinent parameter to explain the undrained shear strength and saturated hydraulic conductivity response of the sand–silt mixtures. 相似文献
4.
考虑参数空间变异性的非饱和土坡可靠度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在考虑多个土体参数空间变异性的基础上,提出了基于拉丁超立方抽样的非饱和土坡稳定可靠度分析的非侵入式随机有限元法。利用Hermite随机多项式展开拟合边坡安全系数与输入参数间的隐式函数关系,采用拉丁超立方抽样技术产生输入参数样本点,通过Karhunen-Loève展开方法离散土体渗透系数、有效黏聚力和内摩擦角随机场,并编写了计算程序NISFEM-KL-LHS。研究了该方法在稳定渗流条件下非饱和土坡可靠度分析中的应用。结果表明：非侵入式随机有限元法为考虑多个土体参数空间变异性的非饱和土坡可靠度问题提供了一种有效的分析工具。土体渗透系数空间变异性和坡面降雨强度对边坡地下水位和最危险滑动面位置均有明显的影响。当降雨强度与饱和渗透系数的比值大于0.01时,边坡失效概率急剧增加。当土体参数变异性或者参数间负相关性较大时,忽略土体参数空间变异性会明显高估边坡失效概率。 相似文献
5.
Analytical solutions for the steady‐state response of an infinite beam resting on a visco‐elastic foundation and subjected to a concentrated load moving with a constant velocity are developed in this paper. The beam responses investigated are deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure. The mechanical resistance of the foundation is modeled using two parameters ks and ts — ks accounts for soil resistance due to compressive strains in the soil and ts accounts for the resistance due to shear strains. Since this model represents the ground behavior more accurately than the Winkler spring model, the developed solutions produce beam responses that are closer to reality than those obtained using the existing solutions for Winkler model. The dynamic beam responses depend on the damping present in the system and on the velocity of the moving load. Based on the study, dynamic amplification curves are developed for beam deflection. Such amplification curves for deflection, bending moment, shear force and contact pressure can be developed for any beam‐foundation system and can be used in design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Ji Yuan Iason Papaioannou Daniel Straub 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(1):20-33
Rainfall-induced landslides occur during or immediately after rainfall events in which the pore water pressure builds up, leading to shallow slope failure. Thereby, low permeability layers result in high gradients in pore water pressure. The spatial variability of the soil permeability influences the probability such low permeability layers, and hence the probability of slope failure. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the vertical variability of soil permeability on the slope reliability, accounting for the randomness of rainfall processes. We model the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil with a one-dimensional random field. The random rainfall events are characterised by their duration and intensity and are modelled through self-similar random processes. The transient infiltration process is represented by Richards equation, which is evaluated numerically. The reliability analysis of the infinite slope is based on the factor of safety concept for evaluating slope stability. To cope with the large number of random variables arising from the discretization of the random field and the rainfall process, we evaluate the slope reliability through Subset Simulation, which is an adaptive Monte Carlo method known to be especially efficient for reliability analysis of such high-dimensional problems. Numerical investigations show higher probability of slope failure with increased spatial variability of the saturated hydraulic conductivity and with more uniform rainfall patterns. 相似文献
7.
降雨对土质边坡稳定性影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从降雨对土体抗剪强度的影响、降雨对土体重度的影响、降雨形成的水压力及降雨对土体的化学作用四个方面分析了降雨对边坡稳定性的影响。并通过一个因降雨而失稳的滑坡实例介绍其整治措施。 相似文献
8.
Soil hydraulic properties such as soil infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity are closely linked to runoff generation
and infiltration processes but little is known about them on karst hillslopes. The objectives of this paper were to investigate
the change in soil stable infiltration rate (q
s) and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity (K
ns) in different slope positions and to understand their relationship with rock fragment content and soil texture within the
topsoil in subtropical karst regions of southwest China. Tension infiltrometers (20 cm in diameter) were used to measure q
s and K
ns at pressure head of −20 mm on hillslopes 1 (a disintegrated landslide failure) and 2 (an avalanche slope). The change of
q
s and K
ns was great and they mostly had a moderate variability with coefficient of variations (CV) between 0.1 and 1.0 in the different
slope positions. On average, q
s ranged from 0.43 to 4.25 mm/min and K
ns varied from 0.75 to 11.00 mm/min. These rates exceed those of most natural rainfall events, confirming that overland flow
is rare on karst hillslopes. From bottom to top, q
s and K
ns had a decrease–increase–decrease trend due to the presence of large rock outcrops (>2 m in height) on hillslope 1 but had
an increasing trend on hillslope 2 with less complex landform. They tended to increase with increase in total rock fragment
content (5–250 mm) within the topsoil as well as slope gradient on both hillslopes. Pearson correlation analysis suggested
that higher coarse pebble (20–75 mm), cobble (75–250 mm), and sand (2–0.05 mm) contents as well as total rock fragment content
could significantly facilitate water infiltration into soils, but higher clay (<0.002 mm) content could restrict water movement.
This result indicated that rock fragment, sand, and clay contents may remarkably affect water flow in the topsoil layers,
and should be considered in hydrological modeling on karst hillslopes in subtropical regions. 相似文献
9.
Reliability back analysis of shear strength parameters of landslide with three-dimensional upper bound limit analysis theory 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
It is essential to determine the shear strength parameters c and φ on the sliding surface for stability evaluation and engineering design of a landslide. In this study, a new parameter back analysis method is proposed by combining the 2D/3D upper bound method of limit analysis and reliability theory to accurately determine the shear strength parameters for a 3D slope with a single failure surface. The proposed reliability back analysis method overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional deterministic analysis method of slope stability that cannot take into account the randomness and uncertainty of geotechnical parameters. Based on the reliability theory, two methods were studied: first-order reliability method (implemented by spreadsheet and Matlab, called spreadsheet method and constrained optimization method, respectively, in this paper) and Monte Carlo simulation. The optimized values of c and φ were obtained by establishing only one balance equation with the consideration of the pore water pressure or other complex conditions, which can solve the problem of the back analysis of strength parameters for a single 3D sliding surface condition. The correlation research showed that the negative correlation between c and φ greatly affected the back analysis results, and the reliability index values were conservative without considering such a negative correlation. A case study for the back analysis of shear strength parameters is conducted based on a practical landslide model with a broken line slip surface slope in Zhuquedong village, Luxi town, Xiangxi County, Hunan Province, China, and a suggestion for the selection of landslide cross section is presented. The results show that the back analysis results determined by the reliability theory coincide well with the survey and experimental results. The proposed method is found to be more accurate and effective in determining the values of shear parameters than that of the traditional deterministic inversion method. 相似文献
10.
首先对斑脱土衬里(粘土-斑脱土、砂-斑脱土) 进行变水头实验, 得粘土-斑脱土的渗透系数为6.0×10-9~3.0×10-8cm/s, 砂-斑脱土的渗透系数为1.0×10-9~3.0×10-9cm/s.从防渗角度分析, 2种斑脱土混合物均适合作垃圾填埋场的底层衬里.然后对斑脱土衬里进行持水与水迁移实验, 评价斑脱土衬里水的迁移特性.以水迁移实验为基础, 模拟斑脱土衬里与地基5种不同含水量的条件, 对斑脱土衬里进行直接剪切实验, 测定斑脱土衬里的剪切强度及斑脱土衬里与地基接触面的剪切强度.再对斑脱土衬里进行三轴固结不排水实验, 测定其总剪切强度与有效剪切强度.实验结果表明: 地下水具有很大的潜力从地基流向斑脱土衬里, 从而大大提高斑脱土衬里的含水量; 随着含水量的增加, 粘土-斑脱土、砂-斑脱土衬里的抗剪强度逐渐减小.根据实验所获得的抗剪强度参数, 选择日本山谷型垃圾填埋场典型剖面, 对山谷型垃圾填埋场进行稳定性评价.结果表明: 对于角度小于20°的缓倾角山谷型垃圾填埋场, 使用粘土-斑脱土、砂-斑脱土作为底层衬里是稳定的.因此, 2种斑脱土混合物适合作山谷型垃圾填埋场的底层衬里. 相似文献
11.
12.
B. Rogiers P. Winters M. Huysmans K. Beerten D. Mallants M. Gedeon O. Batelaan A. Dassargues 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(6):1345-1358
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s) is one of the most important parameters determining groundwater flow and contaminant transport in both unsaturated and saturated porous media. The hand-held air permeameter technique was investigated for high-resolution hydraulic conductivity determination on borehole cores using a spatial resolution of ～0.05 m. The suitability of such air permeameter measurements on friable to poorly indurated sediments was tested to improve the spatial prediction of classical laboratory-based K s measurements obtained at a much lower spatial resolution (～2 m). In total, 368 K s measurements were made on ～350 m of borehole cores originating from the Campine basin, northern Belgium, while ～5,230 air permeability measurements were performed on the same cores, resulting in a K s range of seven orders of magnitude. Cross-validation demonstrated that, using air permeameter data as the secondary variable for laboratory based K s measurements, the performance increased from R 2?=?0.35 for ordinary kriging (laboratory K s only) to R 2?=?0.61 for co-kriging. The separate treatment of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity revealed considerable anisotropy in certain lithostratigraphical units, while others were clearly isotropic at the sample scale. Air permeameter measurements on borehole cores provide a cost-effective way to improve spatial predictions of traditional laboratory based K s. 相似文献
13.
降雨条件下,边坡土体吸水软化造成抗剪强度降低是引发边坡失稳的重要因素之一。雨水在边坡土体中的入渗过程是动态变化的,土体含水率（饱和度）也会随之发生持续变化,因此,研究土体抗剪强度在动态环境下的变化规律,对实时评价降雨工况下土体边坡的稳定性具有重要意义。文章以贵州省尖山营地区的膨胀土为研究对象,基于非饱和土强度理论,结合室内剪切试验数据分析了膨胀土的抗剪强度指标与土体含水率的关系,提出了以含水率为变量的抗剪强度公式;基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台的二次开发技术编写了USDFLD子程序,结合室内试验得出的土体抗剪强度变化规律,分析了降雨条件下土体含水率变化引起的强度衰减与土体重度变化对膨胀土边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:随膨胀土含水率增加,土中颗粒吸水膨胀,颗粒间距缩小,矿物颗粒间的黏结作用逐渐增大,直至集合体空隙充水,吸力减小,黏结作用迅速减弱;膨胀土的抗剪强度总体呈递减趋势,其中,黏聚力先增后减,内摩擦角递减。应用ABAQUS有限元软件的二次开发技术可实现土体参数随含水率的动态变化而变化,为降雨条件下非饱和土边坡的有限元分析提供了一种新的技术手段。 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity of aquifers with piles 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Distributed piles are often installed in the foundation pit in sandy soil before dewatering. Hydraulic conductivity should be estimated considering the block effect of piles on groundwater seepage. Research shows that the effective medium theory (EMT) could be used to calculate the equivalent hydraulic conductivity (k eq) of a heterogeneous medium with other material inclusions. In order to verify the applicability of EMT in an aquifer with piles, an experimental investigation is conducted. In this experiment, a sandy soil is considered as an aquifer and polyvinylchloride pipes are adopted as piles. Piles are distributed in rectangular and triangular layouts. The relationship between k eq of the aquifer and the volume replacement ratio is plotted for these two layouts. The results indicate that EMT could well predict k eq for the cases with the rectangular layout; however, for triangular layouts, the prediction becomes poor. To provide a better prediction of k eq of the aquifer with piles distributed in a triangular layout, a modified EMT (MEMT) is proposed, in which a correction factor is adopted considering different layouts of piles. The MEMT can provide better k eq predictions for an aquifer with piles in the triangular layout pattern than those obtained using the EMT. 相似文献
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16.
Relationship between hydrogeological parameters for data-scarce regions: the case of the Araripe sedimentary basin, Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sávio de Brito Fontenele Luiz Alberto Ribeiro Mendonça José Carlos de Araújo Maria Marlúcia Freitas Santiago José Yarley de Brito Gonçalves 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):885-894
This paper applies and validates a method for generating spatially distributed hydraulic conductivity (k) based on the specific capacity (Q s) for data-scarce regions. This method has been applied to the Araripe sedimentary basin, Brazil, and consists of four steps: (1) selection of (32) wells for which both k and Q s data are available; (2) estimation of k as a function of Q s for the (128) wells for which only specific capacity data are available; (3) spatial distribution of k using the kriging geostatistical tool; (4) validation of the method, using (17) representative wells with k measured data. The equation relating k and Q s showed a statistically significant linear relationship (R = 0.93), from which a database has been generated using kriging with the spherical model. The results showed a calibration coefficient of Nash and Sutcliffe (NS) of 0.54 and moderate spatial dependence ratio of 69 %. The validation process provided only a moderate efficiency (NS = 0.22), possibly due to the geological complexity of the focus system. Despite its limitations, the method indicates the possibility of application of ordinary kriging to generate reliable data from auxiliary variables, especially for the water management of data-scarce areas. 相似文献
17.
Thanh Son Nguyen Suched Likitlersuang Hiroyasu Ohtsu Takafumi Kitaoka 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(16):369
Rainfall-induced landslides frequently occur in humid temperate regions worldwide. Research activity in understanding the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides has recently focused on the probability of slope failure involving non-homogeneous soil profiles. This paper presents probabilistic analyses to assess the stability of unsaturated soil slope under rainfall. The influence of the spatial variability of shear strength parameters on the probability of rainfall-induced slope failure is conducted by means of a series of seepage and stability analyses of an infinite slope based on random fields. A case study of shallow failure located on sandstone slopes in Japan is used to verify the analysis framework. The results confirm that a probabilistic analysis can be efficiently used to qualify various locations of failure surface caused by spatial variability of soil shear strength for a shallow infinite slope failure due to rainfall. 相似文献
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19.
Rizzon Matheus Miotto Wagner Alexia Cindy Godoy Vinicius Batista Moreira Eclesielter Batista Consoli Nilo Cesar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):5365-5374
This paper examines the effect of heavy tamping (dynamic compaction) on highly porous structured residual clayey soil. The aim of this study is to analyse the feasibility of this technique when applied on lightly bonded residual soil sites, which are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. This soil has some interesting characteristics, such as high fine grain soil percentages (56% clay and 22% silt), a plastic index of 11%, high porosity (initial void ratio of 1.21), high hydraulic conductivity (about 10?5 m/s) and a high stiffness at small strains (E?=?49.2-MPa). The research involves field [Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and the dynamic compaction] and laboratory (triaxial tests, characterization and hydraulic conductivity) investigation. According to laboratory tests, the void ratio decreased to 0.96, hydraulic conductivity decreased to 2.8?×?10?7 m/s, the effective peak friction angle (?′) increased from 30.5° (in natural conditions) to about 35.5°, and the triaxial stiffness at small strains decreased to E?=?20-MPa due to dynamic compaction. CPT results have shown an improved depth in which CPT tip strength (qt) increased from nearly 650-kPa to an average of 1700-kPa and CPT sleeve friction (fs) increased from approximately 50-kPa to about 130-kPa. Horizontal displacements were observed up to about 4.0 m of depth (approximately the same depth at which CPT results showed soil improvement). It was concluded that heavy tamping reduces soil voids and substantially increases soil strength, but also breaks soil structure and decreases soil stiffness. It is thus not a suitable ground improvement solution for highly porous structured residual clayey soil.
相似文献20.
Ali Soleimanbeigi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(5):1511-1524
Undrained shear strength (su) of foundation soil of Marquette interchange near Milwaukee, Wisconsin was evaluated from the results of a number of pressuremeter tests conducted on normally consolidated (NC) organic silts and overconsolidated (OC) silty clay. The su-values were interpreted from traditional closed-form methods. The pressuremeter geometry and test sequence as well as response of the soil profiles were also simulated using axisymmetric finite element (FE) method with Cam-Clay soil model. The Cam-Clay model parameters were estimated from laboratory tests on undisturbed soil samples. Results show that the su estimated from the rate of cavity pressure change with volumetric strain (referred to as direct traditional method) is almost twice the su estimated from an indirect traditional method that estimates su from shear modulus, in situ horizontal stress, and ultimate cavity pressure obtained from the cavity pressure curves. The su-values predicted from the FE models are lower than those estimated from the traditional methods and shows that the assumption of infinite pressuremeter length in traditional methods results in overprediction of undrained shear strength by a factor of 1.5 for NC clay and 2.2 for OC clay. The results of finite element analysis considering Cam-Clay soil model and finite length for pressuremeters suggest the undrained shear strength of 63 ± 7 kPa for NC organic silt and 259 ± 68 kPa for OC silty clay. 相似文献