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为了认识冻土旁压试验结果与常规试验结果之间的关系,在室内分别开展了冻结重塑黏土的旁压试验和单轴压缩试验,并对试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,在各级荷载作用下旁压曲线一般都呈现应变速率衰减的趋势,而单轴曲线在冻土破坏时会出现渐进流动阶段。旁压试验的应力-应变曲线呈现应变硬化型,而且出现初始拟弹性阶段;而单轴试验的应力-应变曲线则属于应变软化型,并在轴向应变大约为10%时达到剪应力峰值。温度相同时,旁压试验的剪切强度以及初始弹性模量都要大于单轴试验,且温度越低差值越大。 相似文献
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H. Eckardt 《Engineering Geology》1979,13(1-4):185-195
The stress—strain behaviour of frozen soils is often described by means of creep curves from uniaxial or triaxial creep tests. Ten or twelve tests of similar samples are required to obtain a good relationship between stress σ, strain ε, temperature T and time t or strain rate ε. To reduce the required number of samples it is possible to apply the compression load in creep tests stepwise. Therefore creep curves for different stress levels can be obtained from one sample.
In this paper the bearing capacity of cylindrical samples of frozen medium sand under constant uniaxial compression stress and under stepwise increased stresses is compared. It is shown how to use these different creep curves to describe the stress—strain behaviour of frozen soils. 相似文献
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球模仪测试冻土松弛模量的非线性Kelvin解答及其试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冻土的松弛模量是进行蠕变力学分析的关键参数。但在理论方面, 尚未基于球模仪试验建立较完善的松弛模量表征公式。基于半空间黏弹性理论和分数阶微积分理论, 获得了松弛模量公式的非线性Kelvin模型解答并进行了材料参数影响分析。在给出恒载条件下, 可以用单轴蠕变试验的分析结果评估基于球形压痕试验的冻土松弛模量来预测准确性。随后分别以冻结细砂的球模仪试验曲线、 冻结砂和冻结砂质黏土的单轴蠕变曲线为例, 预测了各条试验曲线和冻土的松弛模量, 并通过其他试验实测数据进行了检验。结果表明： 该松弛模量表征公式的材料参数最少, 随各材料参数变化具有较佳单调性; 基于球形模板试验, 非线性Kelvin解答能对冻结细砂的松弛模量和位移曲线做出合理可靠的预测。非线性Kelvin模型能很好地吻合单轴蠕变试验曲线, 基于单轴蠕变试验的冻结砂松弛模量随时间变化规律和数值范围与球模仪试验分析结果较一致, 冻结砂质黏土的松弛模量随应力和温度的变化规律再现了已有研究结论。 相似文献
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不同应力状态下软黏土蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土的蠕变性质受到许多因素的影响,在不同的应力条件下土会呈现出不同的性状。天津滨海吹填软土同样具有一般软土的蠕变特性,以其为研究对象,利用土体三轴流变试验机进行了三轴不固结不排水蠕变试验和单轴压缩蠕变试验,并选取了10个时间节点取样进行微型十字板剪切试验,研究抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,单轴压缩蠕变和三轴蠕变历时曲线都具有非线性的特征,随应力水平的提高,单轴压缩蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应力轴靠拢,三轴蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应变轴靠拢;线性蠕变变形的情况下黏滞系数主要与时间有关,非线性的情况下与时间和应力水平都相关;在三轴蠕变状态下压缩模量随时间增长而减小,长期强度随时间先降低再趋于稳定;单轴压缩时压缩模量随时间增长而提高,长期强度随时间先增长后稳定。最后经过推导得出了不同应力状态下的长期强度随时间、偏应力的函数关系式。 相似文献
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冻土三轴蠕变非线性数学模型研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
采用MTS-810液压伺服材料试验机, 对人工配制的冻黏土试件进行了三轴蠕变试验, 获得了冻黏土在复杂应力状态下的蠕变曲线. 结果表明: 冻土的蠕变变形具有较强的温度敏感性, 温度越高, 这种温度敏感性越强; 相同温度下, 荷载越大, 变形越大. 运用相关理论, 推导了冻黏土在复杂应力状态下的三轴蠕变非线性数学模型, 采用MATLAB软件的数据拟合功能得到了模型方程参数的数值, 模型参数与温度之间存在密切关系, 建立了二者之间的数学表达式. 冻土三轴蠕变非线性数学模型的曲线与试验曲线拟合精度较高, 建立的数学模型可以精确体现冻土的蠕变规律, 能够为实际冻土工程的变形发展预测提供有效的理论指导. 相似文献
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高温冻土的蠕变特性试验及蠕变模型研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究高温冻土蠕变变形特征以及各影响因素对蠕变的作用, 分别在含水量15%、 25%及35%, 荷载100 kPa、 200 kPa及300 kPa, 温度-1.5 ℃、 -0.7 ℃及-0.3 ℃的条件下开展了室内单轴蠕变试验, 分析在无侧限条件下高温冻土在不同温度、 荷载及含冰量条件下的蠕变变形特性。结果表明： 在当前试验条件下, 冻土蠕变变形非常可观, 且蠕变曲线都没有出现渐进流阶段; 温度是影响冻土蠕变的最重要的外在因素, 而含冰量是影响冻土蠕变的关键内在因素; 在高含冰量条件下温度及荷载的改变对蠕变速率的影响非常显著, 甚至引起量级上的差别。在现有试验条件下, 高温冻土蠕变过程可利用Burgers黏弹性模型来较好地描述。 相似文献
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深部岩体工程处于高应力环境中,开挖破裂后的工程岩体在持续的高地应力作用下具有很强的时间效应,深入研究其峰后蠕变特性,具有重要的理论和实际应用价值。先采用RMT-150B型岩石力学试验系统对完整岩样进行单轴峰前屈服、峰后破裂卸载试验,制备出具有不同破裂损伤程度的峰前屈服、峰后破裂的损伤岩样;再采用RLW-2000型微机伺服岩石三轴流变仪对其进行单轴蠕变试验,研究其单轴蠕变力学特性。研究结果表明：损伤岩样波速与完整岩样相比,均出现了不同程度的降低;损伤岩样各级应力水平下,瞬时应变量均是随着应力水平的增加而逐步增加,且均符合线性函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样瞬时应变明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样;各级应力水平下,总体上各蠕变量随着应力水平的增加而逐步提高,且均符合指数函数关系;相同应力水平下,峰后破裂损伤岩样蠕变量明显大于峰前屈服损伤岩样,且随着荷载水平的进一步提高,两者差异程度增加;损伤岩样各瞬时变形模量随着应力水平的增加均逐步提高,两者之间符合线性函数关系;各应力水平下对应的瞬时变形模量存在明显差异,岩样损伤程度越高,瞬时变形模量越低;各损伤岩样在各级应力水平下,改进的西原模型能够较好地模拟其单轴蠕变特征。 相似文献
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通过将试样等向固结再冻结, 然后保持轴压不变进行径向卸载的实验方法, 获得深部冻结黏土在复杂应力状态下的蠕变变形规律. 对冻黏土进行了大量的三轴蠕变试验, 得到了在冻结温度不同和固结围压不同条件下的蠕变试验结果. 结果表明: 在较低的偏应力水平下, 试样只发生前两个阶段的蠕变变形, 且蠕变变形量超过总变形量的70%; 当试样偏应力值高于某一临界值时会出现加速蠕变阶段, 蠕变变形量超过总变形量的80%. 可以用改进的Zienkiewicz-Pande抛物线型屈服准则来描述加速蠕变阶段的临界应力. 相似文献
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A series of triaxial creep tests were conducted on warm frozen silts extracted from Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at temperature of ?1.5 °C under confining pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MPa, respectively. The applied test stress levels were 30, 50, 60, and 70% of triaxial shear strength, respectively. The test results indicate that the creep strain increases with the increase in applied stress level and there is a stress threshold, based on which the test results can be classified into two types of creep strain curves. The creep strain curve only includes primary and secondary creep stages when the stress level is less than the threshold value. When the stress level exceeds the threshold value, the creep strain velocity gradually increases and the specimen quickly fails in tertiary creep stage. Based on the creep test results, a fractional order rheological element model is established for warm frozen silt, which is also generalized from uniaxial stress state to the three-dimensional stress state. From the analysis on the features of the stress threshold, a creep strength criterion is also proposed simultaneously. Comparing the calculated results of the warm frozen silt with the tested ones, it is found that the predicted results of the proposed model are in good agreement with the test results. In the proposed fractional order model, the relationship between the damage factor and time is established to describe the damage degree of the specimen. Compared with the existing creep constitutive model of frozen soil, the proposed fractional order model has advantages of fewer model parameters, higher simulation precision and wider applicability in analyzing the mechanical properties of warm frozen silt. 相似文献
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对-10℃的冻结红砂岩进行了单轴蠕变试验,应力水平依次为0.36、0.45和0.54,发现当应力水平为0.36和0.45时,红砂岩蠕变为稳定蠕变,当应力水平为0.54时,蠕变为不稳定蠕变。应力水平越高,蠕变达到稳定的时间越长。对蠕变曲线的导函数进行分析,发现红砂岩不稳定蠕变的加速阶段门槛值为13 h。通过对实测数据的拟合,得到了3个应力水平下红砂岩蠕变的经验方程。由开尔文体、改进麦克斯韦尔体和改进陈沅江体串联组成了理论模型,并得到了模型参数,理论曲线与实测曲线吻合较好,能够较好地反映冻结红砂岩的蠕变规律。试验结果为采用冻结法施工的矿井评价冻结壁的稳定性提供了相应的参考。 相似文献
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冻结法作为穿越富水软岩地层的重要施工方法,冻结壁的长期稳定性对于工程安全有着至关重要的作用。蠕变破坏是诱发冻结壁变形的显著特点之一,对研究冻结岩石蠕变的特性有重要的理论和工程意义。以白垩系饱和冻结砂岩为研究对象,开展–10 ℃低温冻结条件下,不同围压（0、2、4、6 MPa）的三轴蠕变力学试验。分析了饱和冻结砂岩蠕变变形,根据现有黏弹塑性模型开展了参数辨识并探究蠕变参数的变化规律,基于此提出考虑温度及损伤效应的蠕变本构模型。研究结果表明：低温冻结削弱蠕变过程中颗粒间的相互胶结力,使其蠕变特征明显;而围压却在一定程度上抑制饱和冻结砂岩内部损伤的发展,导致稳态蠕变速率随围压的升高出现明显的下降趋势。随围压的增加饱和冻结砂岩的蠕变破坏形态呈现出从剪切破坏到张拉破坏再到局部塑形硬化破坏的变化过程。在黏弹塑性模型的基础上,总结蠕变参数 、 和 随荷载的增加呈现先增后减的趋势,拐点为屈服应力;而参数 在大于屈服应力后出现并呈现先增后减的趋势。结合冻结岩石蠕变数据对定义的应力-低温耦合蠕变本构模型进行了参数辨识,并将该模型的计算结果与蠕变试验数据对比,验证所建立非线性模型的正确性与合理性。 相似文献
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冻土的蠕变特性对深井冻结法施工至关重要。针对某矿区人工冻土在-5℃、-10℃、-15℃和-20℃下进行单轴抗压强度试验,发现冻土的抗压强度受冻结温度变化影响,两者间为线性反比例关系。通过小生境原理对传统的遗传算法作模糊随机改进,给出模糊遗传算法的步骤思路,进而运用该算法反演冻土蠕变模型中的参数值,获得各温度下的蠕变模型。试验结果表明：蠕变模型计算值在蠕变各阶段与试验值吻合较好,准确反映了冻土蠕变的整体规律。可见,模糊遗传算法能有效反演蠕变参数,较传统方法更符合工程实际。 相似文献
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Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
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通过大量的人工冻结黏土蠕变试验研究,获得在高偏应力下人工冻结黏土具有显著的蠕变特性：当应力水平较低时,人工冻土发生黏弹性蠕变变性;当应力水平较高时,人工冻土发生黏塑性蠕变变性。因此,以西原模型为基础,增加一个黏弹性元件项和用抛物线屈服函数代替塑性屈服项,构建了高应力下抛物线型黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型。改进的西原模型可以较好描述人工冻土剪切蠕变特性。基于小生境技术的遗传算法和人工冻土黏弹塑性模型有限元理论,在FEPG（有限元程序生成器）自动生成平台上研发了位移反分析程序。利用现场实测数据对深井冻结井筒开挖过程进行了位移反分析,获得了与试验相一致的冻土本构力学模型参数,数值分析结果与实测数据之间的误差在6%以内,反演结果验证了模型的可行性。冻结井筒开挖过程的位移反分析获得的人工冻土本构模型参数,能反映冻结壁施工过程和有效冻结范围内冻土本构参数平均值,因而具有广泛的代表性,对冻结壁应力场、位移场和稳定性预测具有重要工程意义。 相似文献
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This paper gives a brief account of the results of a series of oedometer tests and triaxial creep tests on frozen soils.
The oedometer tests are performed on artificially frozen sand, silt and clay. The tests also include ice as a reference material. The results are given by parameters describing the tangent deformation modulus and the time resistance against creep.
The triaxial creep tests are carried out on the artificially frozen clay, and on a permafrost clay from Spitsbergen. The data are interpreted in accordance with Hult's theory. The artificially frozen clay shows much higher creep resistance than the permafrost clay.
In addition to deformation moduli and creep parameters the routine data of the materials tested are also included. 相似文献
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冻土的蠕变及蠕变强度 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：10
基于试验，本本讨论分析了冻土三轴蠕变规律及温度和围压对冻土蠕变强度的影响，给出了土蠕变及蠕变强度随时间降低的方程式，进而提出了冻土蠕变强度的物型屈服准则。通过改变参数可将冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的蠕变强度准则统一为同一个方程描述。 相似文献
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A finite element code is developed to model the structure-frozen soil/ice interaction using a time incrementing, fully implicit, iterative algorithm, and a constitutive model based on the concept that total strain tensor consists of an elastic and a creep component. The code is used to investigate the applicability and limitations of the power law as the creep model for frozen soil by simulating two pressuremeter tests. Two extended phenomenological models based on the generalized power law are used in axisymmetric finite element analyses to simulate two, long-term, stage-loaded pressuremeter tests, and comparison of results with test data indicates that one model demonstrates a better ability to approximate the actual response to subsequent load steps, under certain restrictions. Stress analyses demonstrate the ability of the constitutive model to show transient as well as subsequent quasi-stationary stress stages in creep analysis. Additional simulations of short-term pressuremeter tests on ice are performed to further illustrate some limitations of the power-law model. Examples for prediction of creep settlements on frozen geomaterials are demonstrated by considering the interaction of fully flexible circular footings and concrete cylindrical footings (of different embedment depths) with frozen sands. 相似文献