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江苏射阳5.1级地震的前兆性地震活动图象 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1987年2月17日11时3分27秒,江苏省射阳县(北纬33°55′,东经120°32′)发生了M_s5.1地震,震源深度约18km。根据图1,该地震序列似应为前—主—余震型。但该序列中最大前震震级为M_s2.4,最大余震震级为M_s1.8,分别和主震震级相差2.7级和3.3级,主震释放能量占全序列释放总能量的99.99％。因此,我们主张称其为“接近孤立型的前—主—余震型序列。 从2月6日至2月17日主震发生前,位于震中区西南约35km处的大丰深井地震仪 相似文献
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对南北地震带15个地区1966年以来的地震活动进行了地震熵值分析。在重点研究中段和南段发生的9次M_L≥7.0级大震前后地震活动的时、空、强分布特征的基础上对各区未来发生7级以上大震危险性提出了趋势意见。9次大震无一例外地在震前1—4年出现地震活动由无序到有序的熵值降低过程。南北带强震前这种地震活动时、空、强丛集异常持续时间较华北地区,如辽宁海城地震、唐山地震前的1—2年为长。经研究,南北地震带的宁夏宁武地区(38—40°,105—107°),中段的鲜水河—理塘地区(尤其是鲜水河断裂东端),南段洱海—怒江地区是今后1—4年内可能发生7级以上地震的地区。 相似文献
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1997-2004年伽师地区6级地震序列特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在对各类有关基础资料对比分析的基础上，得到了较为可靠完整的1997—2004年伽师地震目录，并以此为准进一步分析了各次6级地震序列相关参数。结果表明：(1)伽师地震序列可分为3个活动阶段，第一活动阶段又可分为3个活动过程；(2)伽师地震序列中孤立型地震6值高、五值低、能量比大于99．9％，震后3天余震即为序列中最大余震。双震型地震6值低、五值为0．1，能量比介于99．0％-99．4％之间。主余型地震6值介于孤立型和双震型之间、五值为0．02-0．05、能量比小于99．4％；(3)以3级地震为研究对象，6级地震发生前3天3级地震以平静居多，且存在20天左右的相对平静期，这种现象与新疆6级地震前地震活动平静现象相一致。(4)在伽师序列中可以各次6级地震序列前3天估算的最大余震作为该序列的后续预测震级，其平均误差为0．3级． 相似文献
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系统梳理2021年9月4日新疆皮山MS 5.1和9月5日叶城MS 5.0地震发生前地震活动异常特征、地球物理观测异常以及区域构造情况,结果如下：①地震活动异常：皮山MS 5.1地震前出现前兆震群活动、阿图什至皮山4级地震平静、库车—沙雅4级地震窗口以及地震发生率指数异常;②地球物理观测异常：2项异常,其中形变1项,电磁1项,但与此次地震活动相关性较低;③震源机制：泽普断裂距皮山MS 5.1和叶城MS 5.0地震最近,间距分别约15 km和3 km,震源机制解显示2次地震均为逆冲型破裂;④序列分析：此次地震活动序列类型为震群型,主震前存在明显的前震活动,余震较为丰富,余震活动呈阶段性衰减特征。综合分析认为,2021年9月皮山MS 5.1和叶城MS 5.0地震组成震群型地震序列,震前地球物理观测异常较少,地震活动异常主要对发震地点具有预测意义。 相似文献
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2002年12月14日玉门5.9级地震活动及序列特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据玉门地区区域构造环境和中强震基本活动特征,分析了2002年12月14日玉门5．9级地震前地震活动性时空异常特征和地震序列类型,结果表明,地震前存在地震空区、条带、低频度、低b值、缺震、高η值、小震调制比和GL值高值等中短期异常现象;地震序列类型为前震—主震—余震型;其发震构造为一组挤压逆冲推覆断裂。 相似文献
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本文主要利用历史地震资料探讨了山西临汾7 1/2级大地震前的地震活动图象,发现地震围空区是这次地震前的主要活动特征。文章首先介绍了历史地震资料的来源及其使用原则;进而对空区图象的性质和指标进行了确立,亦探讨了空区的孕育演变过程,分析了临汾7 1/2级地震与周围地震的关系。作者通过一定的工作,得出了:临汾7 1/2级地震的发生是华北一系列大震活动后的产物、7 1/2级大震前,临汾盆地构造应力已处于高度集中状态、临汾地震围空区的孕育和发展大约经历了50年左右的时间,其过程主要包括:构造应力积累—应变加速—平静—地震释放。故应高度注意这个强震活动场所的地震活动图象和演变。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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