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本文通过实际资料总结了地下水中可溶气态烃在不同地质体中的分布规律以及在碳氢化合物矿床找矿中的应用。使用本方法时应重视烃类气体的组合类型、重烃的多少及湿度系数的高低,并与其他水文地球化学指标相结合。对碳同位素的测定,可以判别气体成因属性。在普查勘探阶段,以研究上部水文地球化学带的可溶气态烃为主,可为早期含油远景预测提供依据,指出进一步工作的有利地区;在开发阶段,研究下部水文地球化学带的可溶气态烃,可提供较为可靠的勘探层段和钻孔。 相似文献
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对研究地壳应力状态的地质学方法作了回顾与展望;指出该方法已经成为研究地壳应力状态的主要方法，并分析了影响该方法发展的三个问题;还指出现代构造遥感地质研究已为地质学方法研究地壳应力状态开辟了新途径。
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John C. Davis 《Mathematical Geology》1977,9(4):409-427
A probabilistic model for oil exploration can be developed by assessing the conditional relationship between perceived geologic variables and the subsequent discovery of petroleum. Such a model includes two probabilistic components, the first reflecting the association between a geologic condition (structural closure, for example) and the occurrence of oil, and the second reflecting the uncertainty associated with the estimation of geologic variables in areas of limited control. Estimates of the conditional relationship between geologic variables and subsequent production can be found by analyzing the exploration history of a training area judged to be geologically similar to the exploration area. The geologic variables are assessed over the training area using an historical subset of the available data, whose density corresponds to the present control density in the exploration area. The success or failure of wells drilled in the training area subsequent to the time corresponding to the historical subset provides empirical estimates of the probability of success conditional upon geology. Uncertainty in perception of geological conditions may be estimated from the distribution of errors made in geologic assessment using the historical subset of control wells. These errors may be expressed as a linear function of distance from available control. Alternatively, the uncertainty may be found by calculating the semivariogram of the geologic variables used in the analysis: the two procedures will yield approximately equivalent results. The empirical probability functions may then be transferred to the exploration area and used to estimate the likelihood of success of specific exploration plays. These estimates will reflect both the conditional relationship between the geological variables used to guide exploration and the uncertainty resulting from lack of control. The technique is illustrated with case histories from the mid-Continent area of the U.S.A.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976. 相似文献
4.
环境地质学的现状及发展方向展望 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
环境地质学是一门应用地质学科,是地质科学和环境科学两者相互渗透、重新交叉组合而形成的一门新的边缘学科。它以人-地质环境系统为对象,研究地质环境和人类工程经济活动的相互作用及其发展、演化趋势,重点是地质灾害和环境地质问题的产生和发展,在此基础上提出合理协调人-地质环境关系,有效地预防地质灾害和环境地质问题的对策和措施。 相似文献
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地质-地震储层预测技术及其在渤海海域的应用 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
利用地震进行储层预测是石油勘探的必要和必须技术,对高风险、高投入、钻井少的海上油气勘探来说具有更为重要的意义。地质-地震储层预测技术的核心是地震和地质的紧密结合。与勘探进程上由构造油气藏向隐蔽油气藏勘探转变相适应,地震-地质结合也必须由宏观、描述、类比层次向精细、成因、动态层次延伸,注重由分析不同沉积相带砂泥岩波阻抗关系出发,通过建立正演模型来确定不同地震属性的地质意义;注重将不同体系域地震反射特征的变化与A/S比值、现代三角洲类型联系起来,从而通过地震剖面及其平面特征刻画不同体系域砂体特征,为寻找不同类型隐蔽圈闭指明方向。储层预测从层序地层学应用到地震沉积学充分体现了地震与地质结合的两个层次。地质-地震储层预测技术为渤海海域近年来探明的储量快速增长做出了巨大的贡献,同时也促进了沉积储层研究的发展。 相似文献
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关于环境地质学的一些基本问题探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
简要阐述了作者对有关环境地质学的一些基本问题的见解,包括;环境地质与地质环境的科学涵义;环境地质学与相关学科的关系;地质环境保护在整个环境保护中的应有地位;地质灾害的形成步骤及其防治途径;环境地质学的亟待完善领域等。同时也涉及整个环境科学的一些问题。 相似文献
8.
In the early stage of deep-water exploration, the research about subtle trap prediction is mostly confined to technologies such as seismic attribute, due to which ambiguity and uncertainty in the results can occur. Therefore, in this paper, a new process of identifying deep-water reservoirs is proposed. First, strata slice technology is adopted to guide the analysis of seismic facies and preliminary recognition of the distribution and scale of geologic bodies; then based on the seismic facies analysis, the reservoir is depicted in detail with the application of seismic phase-controlled nonlinear random inversion; and finally, the comprehensive analysis of various features like strata slices, seismic facies, and seismic inversion are used to predict the favorability of the reservoir. The results show that the application of this method not only successfully predicts the distribution of the reservoir but also provides a reliable basis for future well drilling. 相似文献
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岩性圈闭地质风险评价原则与方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据对油气勘探理论和圈闭概念的理解和认识,认为在建立岩性圈闭地质模型时,对岩性圈闭的地质风险评价应分3个层次进行,即圈闭的成藏环境、圈闭自身的成藏条件和圈闭可靠性的评价,从而得到圈闭的含油气性系数或圈闭的地质风险系数.在分析圈闭自身的成藏条件时,应对传统的"生、储、盖、运、圈、保"进行分类和归纳,利用圈闭获得油气的能力、圈闭的储集能力、圈闭的后期保存条件"三要素"对岩性圈闭的含油气性进行评价.运用该评价系统对西部新区塔里木、准噶尔盆地中的储备圈闭进行了评价,其评价结果均较合理. 相似文献
10.
地震沉积学是在地震地层学和层序地层学基础上发展起来的、沉积地质学与地球物理学相互交叉的新兴学科,在刻画薄层砂体、表征储集层和预测岩性圈闭等方面发挥了重要作用。在表述地震沉积学发展简史的基础上,介绍了地震沉积学的基本概念、基本原理和主要研究流程;在建立精细层序地层格架基础上,重点阐述了90°相移、分频处理与频谱分解、属性优选、地层切片、地球物理反演、地震岩性解释和RGB(红色、绿色、蓝色)地震属性融合等地震沉积学关键技术以及地震沉积相实例分析。认为中国地震沉积学应该围绕不同类型沉积盆地开展油气勘探阶段地震地貌学(地震沉积相模式)和复杂(多样)地震岩性学综合研究,在油气开发阶段,充分利用RGB地震属性融合等多种地球物理方法技术,开展多种成因类型砂体构型和储集层定量表征研究。综合研究表明,地震沉积学是沉积地质学发展的新航程。 相似文献
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陆相断陷盆地岩性圈闭目标的快速识别和优选,需要先进地质理论指导与地震技术应用两方面的有机结合。本文通过对塔南凹陷岩性油气藏快速勘探过程中使用的地质理论和地震技术进行总结,建立了一套复杂断陷盆地岩性油气藏快速探明储量规模的实用地质—地震配套技术系列。在岩性油气藏勘探程度不断加深的过程中,综合采用构造分析、层序分析、相带分析和成藏分析等地质分析方法进行指导,配合使用精细构造解释、地震多属性分析、井—震约束下的拟声波波阻抗反演等地震技术,实现岩性圈闭的“定背景、定层系、定区带和定目标”,有效地解决了塔南凹陷岩性油藏勘探中遇到的地质难题,在较短的时间内实现了岩性油藏勘探的突破和基本探明。这一技术系列对同类断陷盆地岩性油气藏的勘探具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。 相似文献
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中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题 总被引：87，自引：4，他引：83
中国至少有3 0 0×1 08t的海相碳酸盐岩油气资源量,是十分重要的勘探领域。在近5 0年的勘探历程中虽有塔河、普光等碳酸盐岩大油气田的发现,但探明储量仍然很低,这与勘探投入低有关,但更主要的原因在于中国海相碳酸盐岩油气地质的特殊性。经研究其特性可概括为7个方面:(1)碳酸盐岩层系形成于多旋回的叠合盆地;(2)碳酸盐岩层系时代老,埋藏深;(3)烃源岩具有多元、多期生烃;(4)储集层类型多、非均质性强;(5)圈闭类型多样,以隐蔽圈闭和复合圈闭为主;(6)油气藏改造、破坏严重,保存条件复杂;(7)油气藏分布复杂,预测难。要尽快实现碳酸盐岩油气探明储量的快速增长,缓解国内油气资源供需矛盾,必须加强碳酸盐岩油气富集与分布规律的理论研究和勘探技术攻关。文中将中国海相碳酸盐岩油气富集理论的研究凝练为三个方面的科学问题:(1)海相碳酸盐岩层系发育环境、构造演化及其对有效烃源岩的控制作用;(2)海相碳酸盐岩介质油气运聚机理;(3)海相碳酸盐岩层系油气多期成藏与保存机理;同时指出要加大碳酸盐岩地区的地震、钻井和测井等系列技术的攻关力度,以提高勘探的成功率。 相似文献
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加蓬海岸盆地南、北次盆成藏特征对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
加蓬海岸盆地属于被动大陆边缘盆地。盆地沉积盖层主要由白垩系、古近系和新近系组成,沉积地层组合具有明显的三分性,包括早白垩世盐下层系、早白垩世晚期阿普特期盐膏层和晚白垩世至新近纪盐上层系。根据目前的油气发现,北加蓬主要富集盐上油气资源,南加蓬主要富集盐下油气资源。从构造沉积背景、油气地质条件、油气发现规模、油气平面分布、油气勘探潜力5方面对南、北次盆进行对比,分析南、北次盆的油气聚集差异,结合勘探现状分析其勘探潜力,并指出南加蓬次盆勘探难点为圈闭识别,北加蓬次盆的勘探难点是砂体预测。 相似文献
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Three-dimensional geologic modeling and visualization of the Virttaankangas aquifer,southwestern Finland 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Aki Artimo Joni Mäkinen Richard C. Berg Curtis C. Abert Veli-Pekka Salonen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2003,11(3):378-386
A need exists for a reliable and long-term water supply for the 285,000 inhabitants of the Turku area in southwestern Finland.
In response to this need, there are plans to replace the present water supply from the surface sources with artificially infiltrated
groundwater from a Quaternary esker aquifer called the Virttaankangas aquifer. New sedimentological studies of the Virttaankangas
area have revealed the complexities of the esker system and its surrounding glacial, glaciofluvial, and glaciolacustrine geology.
This led to the characterization of the hydrogeological units of the aquifer, the result of which has been a three-dimensional
(3-D) truly integrated solids model that represents the geometry, interrelationships, and hydrostratigraphy of the study area.
The 3-D model was made with EarthVision geologic modeling software. The 3-D geological model of the Virttaankangas aquifer
can be used for planning the infiltration of river water into the aquifer and to understand the geologic and geographic boundaries
of the hydrogeologic units hosting the groundwater reserve and the geologic relationships between the units. Another major
outcome of this study is a powerful visualization tool that will be provided to municipal and government authorities who must
understand the geologic complexities involved with water-resource planning prior to their decision making.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
16.
《China Geology》2018,1(2):286-303
Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science, and it has been a frontier field in recent years. It is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science, which is also an evitable path in the development of geology. In this paper, we elaborate the concept, feature and main subdisciplines, and summarize three stages of nanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in China. After summarizing the researchers’ achievements in this field, we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight subdisciplines. On the basis of the above content, we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in China. There are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits, such as research of geologic fundamental problems, resource exploration and development, mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters), mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and others. Nanogeology has a great potential in China to solve all of these problems. As a result, the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and advanced. It offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihoods, such as the prediction of geological activities, as well as resource distribution and its exploration and utilization. 相似文献
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层次分析是一种将难于定量化的复杂问题,逐层分解为一系列可定量化的简单问题,进而进行求解的数学方法。将层次分析法用于油气资源定量评价具有较重要的意义。在楚雄盆地定性石油地质研究的基础上,采用层次分析法,选择生烃条件、储集条件、保存条件、圈闭条件、运移条件、油气微渗漏等专题信息,对楚雄盆地有利油气勘探区带进行了评价,认为楚雄盆地最有利的勘探区是牟定断弯背斜带及黑井凹陷超覆带之间的交际地带;片角凹陷;会基关穹窿背斜带。而有利储集带,长期发育的低势区,良好的圈闭条件是此区成藏最有利的控制因素。 相似文献
18.
James P. Dorian Dr. Allen L. Clark Dr. Yi-Ying Sun Zou-Xia Zhou Ji-Liang Li 《GeoJournal》1988,17(3):373-388
This paper attempts to define apparent mineral distribution patterns of China according to tectono-stratigraphic terrane geology. Associations between specific mineral and hydrocarbon deposits and specific tectono-stratigraphic terranes in China suggest that deposits of certain types are spatially constrained by terrane geology. The definition of specific tectono-stratigraphic terranes of China is a valuable initial step in interpreting the geologic history of the nation, although terrane analysis of China is at a very early stage. The recognition that specific deposit types are associated with specific tectono-stratigraphic terranes may make it possible to select appropriate analogues from elsewhere in the world to evaluate China's mineral and hydrocarbon potential. Additionally, understanding the associations between mineral and hydrocarbon deposits and tectono-stratigraphic terranes in China may serve as an aid to future exploration in the nation. 相似文献
19.
石油地质学是国家石油战略的组成部分,是国家石油安全的组成部分,必须予以高度重视。石油地质学来源于实践。但随着石油勘探开发实践的不断深入,仅仅依靠归纳和总结来自实践的认识已经无法满足人们对石油地质学在科学层面的理解和掌握。从沉积层获得的有关构造、生油、储层方面的知识无法全面解释在结晶基底和火山岩中发育油气藏的事实,而最新揭示出金属、非金属矿床、油气藏与深部构造和深部流体存在密切关系,为我们发展石油地质学提供了崭新的思路。欧洲惠更斯号探测器发现土卫六上存在甲烷湖的事实告诉我们,石油地质学的不仅仅是地质学问题,更是天文学问题。所以,及时吸收消化各学科最新成果,创新发展中国石油地质学,已是保障国家石油安全的当务之急。 相似文献
20.
三维城市地质信息平台综合利用GIS、数字地质、现代数据库、计算机网络等技术,对研究范围的基础地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质、地面沉降、地球物理、地球化学、遥感、灾害地质等多专业的地质信息和成果进行集成和综合,实现对地质信息管理、更新维护、检索查询、分析评价、三维地质模拟和成果显示,在此基础上对城市地表与地下空间结构组织与空间资源、地质灾害、地下水资源与地质环境保护、地面沉降监测与防治、城市规划与建设、土地质量与后备资源等进行分析评价和预测模拟。 相似文献