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1.
对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析．结果表明：调查中共检出浮游植物143种．优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等．物种多样性指数在0．24～2．77之间．优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关．相关系数r=-0．984；而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关．相关系数r=0．967．养殖后期优势度不高。浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升．藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化；藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动。群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。 相似文献
2.
凡纳滨对虾常见养殖模式下养殖后期浮游植物及理化因子的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对凡纳滨对虾几种常见养殖模式后期的浮游植物及理化因子进行了调查研究,结果表明,浮游植物的群落特征因养殖模式、养殖时间、不同的环境条件等原因变化很大,其群落组成由最少的11种到最多的28种不等;其优势种与次优势种中以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门为主,甲藻门、裸藻门偶有出现,主要优势种有小环藻、波吉卵囊藻、中肋骨条藻、颤藻、林氏藻、裸甲藻、胶球藻、小席藻、腔球藻等,浮游植物群落的生物多样性由高至低依次为高位池分级精养模式、海水土池粗养模式、低盐度养殖模式、咸淡水半精养模式、工厂化集约养殖模式、高位池集约养殖模式,多样性指数与优势度呈显著的负相关,而与均匀度呈显著的正相关。细胞密度485.9×104~35459.8×104L-1,在高密度精养模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化在早期呈负相关,在后期则几乎同步增长;在低密度养殖模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化始终呈负相关。各养殖模式pH值的变化与浮游植物的密度呈正相关。综合分析表明,高密度养殖宜采用高位池分级精养模式,低密度养殖宜采用海水土池粗养模式。 相似文献
3.
虾池浮游微藻的种类组成、数量和多样性变动 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
报道了在集约化养虾中应用有益微生物制剂对虾池浮游微藻的影响,分析了整个养虾周期浮游微藻的种类组成、生物量、优势种及多样性指数的周期变化情况。结果表明,早期虾池浮游微藻细胞数量维持在1×103~3×103mL-1的水平,养殖中期开始呈指数增长状态,后期达到顶峰,并维持在70×103~160×103mL-1的水平,生物量比自然海区高。优势种类明显,前期为中肋骨条藻和伏氏海毛藻等硅藻类,后期则为绿球藻和栅列藻等绿藻类,水色及藻相呈良好状态,而不施加芽孢杆菌制剂的对照池则在后期出现较大比例的有害的蓝藻。虾池藻类多样性指数、均匀度指数和种类丰度均呈现前期高后期低的趋势,而优势度指数则相反,呈现前期低后期高的趋势。浮游植物的多样性指数为0.60~3.80,平均为1.88,均匀度指数为0.14~0.83,平均为0.45;种类丰度为0.80~2.46,平均为1.38;优势度指数在0.17~0.85,平均为0.41。多样性指数和均匀度均比粤东海域低,但优势度则甚高。 相似文献
4.
于2008年3月至2009年2月对流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构及其动态变化特征进行了研究,结果表明,流沙湾共有浮游植物27属,隶属于5个门,其中硅藻门20属,绿藻门3属,蓝藻门2属,金藻门1属,甲藻门1属,角毛藻(Chaetoceros)、骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)为优势种;浮游植物生物量变化在0.11～23.63 mg L-1之间,平均为3.72 mg L-1,细胞密度平均为1.324 7×104个L-1。流沙湾共有浮游动物19种,其中原生动物10种,桡足类6种,枝角类、多毛类和轮虫类各1种,优势种类为原生动物中的拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis)、薄铃虫(Leprotintinnus),桡足类中的哲水蚤(Calanus),浮游幼体中的无节幼体(Nauplius);浮游动物生物量在0.08～7.24 mg L-1之间,平均为2.04 mg L-1,密度平均为8 186个L-1。水体交换能力差、大规模贝类养殖以及养殖造成的水体污染等因素,导致流沙湾浮游生物量、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均处于较低水平,但有明显的水平分布和月变化。 相似文献
5.
【目的】调查灌河口邻近海域生态环境状况。【方法】2016年5月对该海域进行水质、沉积物和生物生态现状调查。【结果与结论】水质主要超标因子为无机氮、磷酸盐;沉积物质量监测项目全部符合一类沉积物质量标准。浮游植物生物多样性指数丰富(3.11),浮游动物、游泳动物的生物多样性指数较丰富(大于2),底栖生物较贫乏(0.97)。底栖生物密度与沉积物硫化物显著正相关。浮游植物密度与叶素绿a显著正相关。小型网浮游动物密度与水温、化学需氧量显著负相关,其种类与营养盐、化学需氧量显著负相关,二者均与盐度显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
北部湾海域浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1998年2月至1999年5月在北部湾进行了5个航次的调查.结果共检出浮游植物382种(包括变种),主要优势种为细弱海链藻(Thalassiosirasubtilis)和小舟形藻(Naviculasubminusula).调查期间浮游植物细胞数量为43.5×104～283.6×104m-3,平均101.8×104m-3.北部海域的数量远高于南部海域,数量密集区均分布在北部近岸水域,南部和中部海域的数量分布则随季节的变化而变化.浮游植物细胞数量的季节变化较明显,以春季数量最大,多样性指数和均匀度则均以春季最低,秋季最高. 相似文献
7.
虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(3)
于2012年春季、季、秋季分别对滨州浅海海域的浮游植物进行调查,采用香农-威纳(Shannon-Weiner)多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Mc Naugton优势度指数对其浮游植物多样性及群落特征进行分析。共鉴定出浮游植物4门40个属种,其中硅藻门的种类最多,占92.50%;浮游植物丰度为(2.66~23520.27)×104 ind/m3,均值1525.13×104 ind/m3。多样性指数和均匀度均值分别为1.76±0.20和0.70±0.25,以秋季最高,春季次之,夏季最低,多样性指数和均匀度均较好,表明该海域浮游植物分布比较均匀,其群落结构处于较完整和稳定的状态。该海域浮游植物的多样性阈值等级评价为Ⅱ级,多样性一般,其中春季和夏季多样性一般(Ⅱ级),秋季多样性较好(Ⅲ级)。 相似文献
9.
根据2010~2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响.结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61~1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76~1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50~0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05). 相似文献
10.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(5)
【目的】研究河道阻隔对滁河及其支流浮游生物群落的影响。【方法】2015年11月对滁河及2条支流共23个采样点的浮游生物及水环境指标进行调查研究。【结果与结论】调查河段水体未受到有机污染,氮磷含量适宜藻类生长,不同区段水体营养盐含量存在显著差异。本次调查共检出浮游植物57属105种,其中绿藻门种类最多(占55.24%);共检出浮游动物52属88种,其中原生动物种类最多(占65.36%)。浮游生物种类数、密度空间分布呈现支流来安河段最高、清流河段最低的趋势,而滁河干流上游段和下游段则相差不大。浮游生物多样性评价结果表明该流域浮游生物群落结构稳定,多样性指数表现为下游高于上游,干流高于支流的特征。浮游生物与环境因子之间的相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明,总磷、氨氮、亚硝态氮、叶绿素a和pH是影响浮游植物分布的主要因子;总氮、总磷、溶解氧、透明度、亚硝态氮和叶绿素a是影响浮游动物分布的主要因子。 相似文献
11.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(6)
To better understand the physicochemical conditions in af fecting regional distribution of phytoplankton community, one research cruise was carried out in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea during 3 rd and 23 th May, 2010. The phytoplankton community, including Bacillariophyta(105 taxa), Pyrrophyta(54 taxa), Chrysophyta(1 taxon) and Chlorophyta(2 taxa), had been identified and clearly described from six ecological provinces. And, the six ecological provinces were partitioned based on the top twenty dominant species related with notable physicochemical parameters. In general, the regional distributions of phytoplankton ecological provinces were predominantly influenced by the physicochemical properties induced by the variable water masses and circulations. The predominant diatoms in most of water samples showed well adaptability in turbulent and eutrophic conditions. However, several species of dinoflagellates e.g., Protoperidinium conicum, Protoperidinium triestinum, Protoperidinium sp. and Gymnodinium lohmanni preferred warmer, saltier and nutrient-poor environment. Moreover, the dinoflagellates with high frequency in the Yellow Sea might be transported from the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton was depicted by diatoms and controlled by phosphate concentration, while the vertical distribution was mainly supported by light and nutrients availability in the subsurface and bottom layers, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in response to the variation of environmental factors in the Gaolan River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand the responses of a freshwater ecosystem to the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), phytoplankton was monitored in the tributaries of the TGR area. From August 2010 to July 2011, algal species composition, abundance, chlorophyll a and other environmental parameters were investigated in the Gaolan River, which is a tributary of Xiangxi River. Thirty-one algal genera from seven phyla were identified. Results show that the lowest concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 0.06 mg/L and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. The values of TP and TN exceeded the threshold concentration of the eutrophic state suggested for freshwater bodies. In the Gaolan River, the succession of phytoplankton showed clear seasonal characteristics. Different dominant species were observed among seasons under the control of environment factors. In spring and summer, the dominant species were Nitzschia sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs, the limiting nutrient was NO 3 ? -N, and the key environmental factor for phytoplankton population succession was water temperature (WT). In autumn and winter, the dominant species were A. flos-aquae and Chlorella sp., the limiting nutrient was PO 4 3? -P, and the key environmental factors were transparency and WT. This study illustrates the influence of physical and chemical factors on phytoplankton seasonal succession in a tributary of TGR since the downstream regions of Xiangxi River and Gaolan River became reservoirs after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam. We suggest that this activity has significantly affected water quality in the dam area. 相似文献
13.
凡纳滨对虾与金钱鱼混养模式水质理化因子及浮游生物群落结构的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)混养池塘和凡纳滨对虾单养池塘为研究对象,对两池塘水体的理化因子及浮游生物进行测定。结果显示:混养池塘水体的溶解氧与单养池塘相比均无显著性差异;混养和单养池塘的化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐和氨氮的含量在实验过程中均呈现持续上升趋势,但混养池上升趋势较缓,两池塘的上述指标在养殖前期差异不显著,养殖后期有显著差异(P<0.05)。在养殖后期,混养池塘的浮游植物丰度显著大于单养池塘(P<0.05),而浮游动物丰度显著低于单养池塘(P<0.05)。结果表明,混养金钱鱼可有效改善凡纳滨对虾精养池塘的水质,降低亚硝酸盐、氨氮及COD的含量,稳定浮游植物种群结构,控制池塘中浮游动物的过度繁殖。 相似文献
14.
The ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages were studied from Nella Fjord near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica from April 12 to December 30, 1992. Algal blooms occurred about 3 cm thick on the bottom of sea ice in late April and mid November to early December respectively, and a phytoplankton bloom appeared in the underlying surface water in mid December following the spring ice algal bloom. The biomass in ice bottom was 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of surface water. Amphiprora kjellmanii, Berkeleya sp., Navicula glaciei, Nitzschia barkelyi, N. cylindrus /N. curta, N. lecointei and Nitzschia sp. were common in the sea ice temporarily or throughout the study period. The biomass in a certain ice segment was decreased gradually and the dominant species were usually succeeded as the season went on. Nitzschia sublineata and Dactyliosolen antarctica were two seasonal dominant species only observed in underlying water column. The assemblages between bottom of ice and underlying surface water were different except when spring ice algae bloomed. The evidence shows that the ice algal blooms occurred mainly by in situ growth of ice algae, and the phytoplankton bloom was mostly caused by the release of ice algae. 相似文献
15.
Ecological studies on macrozoobenthos were conducted in two small plateau lakes in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Southwest China： Xingyun Lake （XL）, a eutrophic lake whose main source of primary production was phytoplankton （Chl α=99.76±24.01 μg/L）, and Yangzong Lake （YL）, a mesotrophic lake. Sampling was carried out from October 2002 to May 2004. Altogether 23 benthic taxa were identified in XL and 21 taxa in YL. The density of benthos in XL was much lower than that in YL, but the biomass was about equal in the two lakes, being I 423 ind/m^2 and 8.71 g/m^2 in XL and 4 249 ind/m^2 and 8.60 g/m^2 in YL. The dominant species were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Aulodrilus pluriseta and Chironomus sp. in XL and Limnodrilus hoffrneisteri, Aulodrilus pluriseta and Bellamya sp. in YL. Seasonal fluctuation occurred, showing richer species in summer and winter, but the density and biomass varied in different ways in the two lakes. Analyses on functional feeding groups indicate that collector-gatherers were predominant, but the relative abundances of other groups were different. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the water depth, conductivity and chlorophyll a were the key factors affecting macrozoobenthic abundance in the lakes. 相似文献
16.
Systematic studies of the changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and their
effects on phytoplankton over the last 30 years in the Bohai Sea are presented. The amount of sewage disposal, use of fertilizer
and the Huanghe River runoff were found to have a significant influence on the DIN or DIP concentrations in the Bohai Sea
over the last 30 years. Moreover, the changes in DIN and DIP resulted in changes in the limiting nutrients of phytoplankton
in the Bohai Sea from nitrogen in the early 1980s to nitrogen-phosphorus in the late 1980s, and then to phosphorus after the
1990s. In addition, changes in nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant effect on the phytoplankton community structure.
The half saturation constant (K
s) was used to evaluate the effect of nutrients on the phytoplankton community structure in the Bohai Sea over the last 30
years. Cell abundance percentages of dominant phytoplankton species with high K
s values for phosphorus and low K
s values for nitrogen have decreased since the 1980s, while those of dominant phytoplankton species with low K
s values for phosphorus and high K
s values for nitrogen increased during this period. 相似文献
17.
We examined changes in biomass and species dominance of periphyton in response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment in 12 mesocosms representing eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. The 100-L mesocosms consisted of lake water and pond sediment, and N and P were applied weekly. Periphyton samples were taken to assess the biomass (as estimated by the concentration of chlorophyll a (chl a)) and to determine which species were dominant. The mean periphyton biomass (chl a) in the P-enriched treatment did not differ from that in the control group, but increased with N enrichment. Compared with that in the control group, the chl a concentration increased with N+P enrichment in the early stages of the experiment, but decreased in the later stages. The decline in periphyton biomass at the later stages of the experiment was due to limited light availability, which resulted from the increased phytoplankton density in the experiment. The nutrient enrichment treatments resulted in changes in the dominant algal species in the periphyton, suggesting that various algal species showed different responses to different nutrients. The results of this study have implications for nutrient management in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献