共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
煤炭开采引起覆岩破断及地表下沉,覆岩及地表运移规律可反映裂隙带高度的动态演化过程。因地表下沉滞后于煤炭开采,对于废弃采空区,长期压实作用导致裂隙带高度较采动期间有所降低。基于地表点下沉速度的阶段特征将裂隙带高度的演化过程分为2个阶段,第1阶段裂隙带发育对应岩层破断逐步向上传递的过程,第2阶段裂隙带高度降低对应离层及裂隙闭合、断裂岩层受压后变形回弹及破碎岩体自然压实的过程。着眼于压实作用对裂隙带高度的影响,根据煤层采厚、垮落带和裂隙带岩层变形量及地表下沉值之间的定量关系,建立了第2阶段裂隙带高度预测模型,并结合太平煤矿实测结果进行验证,采用控制变量法分析了单一因素影响下废弃采空区裂隙带高度的演化特征。结果表明：废弃采空区裂隙带高度受控于垮落带块体强度、垮落带初始碎胀系数、采动期间裂隙带高度最大值及对应的垮落带高度、煤层埋深、地表最终下沉量等因素,太平煤矿采后15 a的裂隙带高度实测值11.36～13.00 m与理论预测值12.75 m吻合度较高,模型的可靠性得到验证。最后,应用此预测模型对武安煤矿（关停矿井）2002－2003年采空区裂隙带高度开展理论计算,结合地空瞬变电磁探测确定了地面瓦斯抽采钻孔理想的终孔位置并成功开展了地面钻孔瓦斯抽采试验。 相似文献
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提出利用量纲分析的方法对金属矿山覆岩垮落高度进行初步探索,对影响覆岩垮落的一系列因素进行统计和分析。垮落高度的影响因素包括采矿方法、矿体厚度、开采深度、构造应力、采空区尺寸、覆岩岩性、岩性结构、断层结构和时间等。结合工程实际和量纲分析构建了函数关系式和量纲矩阵,得出了垮落高度H与矿体厚度d、开采深度h、构造应力? h、采空区尺寸s、岩石重度? 、岩石松散系数k、硬度系数f之间的定量关系式。选取金属矿山垮落工程实例对所建立的垮落高度预测关系式进行验证,其垮落高度的计算结果与现场实测结果较吻合,误差在5.8%左右,满足工程需要。该方法可为矿山水体下采矿参数选取、矿山冲击地压控制及采矿方法的选择提供参考。 相似文献
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杨伦 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(1):102-104,123
20a前在抚顺老虎台煤矿512采区进行的我国首例离层注浆减沉试验为探索煤矿可持续开采技术提供了宝贵经验。试验采区地表下沉比预计小的真正原因是采空区密实水砂充填(充满率为70%~85%),覆岩中巨厚绿色页岩层遇水碎胀(碎胀率为185%)和大采深极不充分采动(采动程度系数为0.14)。离层注浆主要起到了使绿色页岩层碎胀的作用,而留在覆岩离层中的粉煤灰量极少(只占煤炭采出体积的3%)难以起到减沉作用。试验结果说明该技术在缓沉方面比减沉更有效。 相似文献
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考虑岩体碎胀效应的采场覆岩冒落规律分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用改进的岩石破裂过程分析系统(RFPA2D),分析了煤层开采过程中上覆岩层发生离层、弯曲、端部和中部开裂直至冒落的全过程,再现了采动影响下冒落带、裂隙带、下沉带3带的形成过程以及裂隙拱的形成发展、整体覆岩的周期性运动模式。数值计算中,引入了冒落岩体的碎胀效应,使得计算结果更合理地反映了现场实际,主要表现在：冒落岩体的碎胀效应及拉伸、剪切破坏联合控制了覆岩的运动模式,随着工作面的不断推进,上覆岩层可呈现出周期性的运动特征;裂隙拱发展到一定高度后,工作面垂直方向上不再扩展,只在工作面推进方向向前扩展,此时裂隙拱拱顶为一近似水平线,冒落带、裂隙带和下沉带3带分明;覆岩运动引起的地表下沉范围和下沉量亦都更符合现场实际。 相似文献
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传统充填沿空留巷工艺繁琐﹑留巷速度慢,与现代化高强度开采要求不相适应,由此提出了切顶沿空成巷无煤柱开采新技术,其中关键参数设计是该技术的核心问题之一,对留巷的稳定性具有较大影响。以城郊煤矿21304工作面为研究背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等方法,对切顶沿空成巷关键参数进行了系统研究。基于岩石碎胀自承特性和围岩结构“S-R”稳定原理,推导出切顶高度﹑切顶角度的理论计算公式;建立了聚能爆破力学模型,并结合数值模拟和现场试验,确定了聚能爆破装药量及钻孔间距。研究结果表明：合理的切顶参数能够切断巷道顶板与采空区岩层间的力学关系,使采空区顶板沿切缝顺利垮落,碎胀的矸石可有效支撑上覆顶板,限制其回转下沉,减弱覆岩运动对留巷的扰动作用,沿空巷道围岩变形量明显减小。根据理论计算﹑数值分析和现场试验研究成果,确定了城郊煤矿21304工作面切顶沿空成巷关键参数,并在现场进行了应用,回采后沿空巷道侧向顶板能够迅速切落形成巷帮,留巷稳定后各项指标均能满足现场使用要求。 相似文献
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徐州城市规划区内煤炭资源开采已经形成了约140 km2的采空区,采空区破断垮落岩体间的自由空间及巷道构成地下水储存场所。据初步估算,14个关闭煤矿采空区储水总量可达7 583×104m3,但矿井水资源的有效利用程度相对较低。文章通过对徐州城市规划区内各关闭煤矿采空区储水空间、矿井水水质保障和可调储能力等地下水库建库条件和运行安全的综合分析,探讨了建设采空区地下水库的可行性,遴选出7个煤矿采空区地下水库,评价其可利用等级,结果表明:新河、卧牛山、大黄山等为I级采空区地下水库,韩桥、庞庄、权台和青山泉矿等为II级采空区地下水库,可为徐州城市应急供水提供新水源。 相似文献
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以离石—军渡高速公路下伏康家沟煤矿采矿地质条件为原型,采用相似材料模拟实验方法,对多煤层开采引起的覆岩移动及地表变形规律进行了研究。相似模拟实验结果表明:多煤层开采条件下,随着煤层累计采厚的增加,采空区"三带"覆岩下沉量和采空区地表沉降量、地表倾斜变形、地表水平位移及地表曲率变形都呈增大趋势,采空区上覆岩体更加破碎,地表变形更加强烈。研究成果可为高速公路下伏多煤层采空区的治理设计提供依据。 相似文献
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煤层地下开采地表沉陷预测的边值方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采空区上覆岩、土体对地表沉陷的耦合行为可归结为弹性理论的边值问题,由不同性状松散表土层确定的应力边界和岩、土体之间形成的位移边界构成了相应边值问题的定解条件。在已有研究成果的基础上,提出了地表下沉预测研究的边值提法,以探讨地下开采引起的地表沉陷规律。给出了采空区上覆表土层内任一点的位移和地表下沉的计算公式,确定了地表沉陷的范围,并以神东矿区大柳塔1203工作面开采引发的地表沉陷为例给出了工程实例。研究结果表明,采空区上覆岩体对地表及表土层内任一点下沉的影响取决于上部岩层破断后的结构形态;采空区上覆土体对地表下沉量的作用与土体性质及表土层厚度有关,土体对表土层下沉的影响由下而上增大,呈非线性变化,至地表达最大值;地表沉陷区域随表土层厚度的增加而增大,其影响范围远大于采空区。 相似文献
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贵州省水城县发耳煤矿尖山营变形体、米萝煤矿后山变形体以及兴仁县国保煤矿映山红山变形体是典型的采动斜坡,变形具有显著的矿山地质灾害特征。本文通过对前述三处采动斜坡坡体结构特征总结分析,提出具有代表性的概化工程地质模型,并基于离散元数值模拟方法,对开采三层煤条件下不同采空区排布方式覆岩变形破坏特征进行了研究。研究表明:采空区完全重叠条件下最上层采空区覆岩塌陷最严重,受岩体碎胀性影响岩体塌陷的最大深度小于采空区竖向总厚度;采空区顶板岩体破坏会逐渐向上部岩体传递,这种破坏现象传递至地表后破坏程度相较于采空区顶板减弱,地表塌陷的最大值远小于采空区竖向总厚度,其与采空区重叠面积相关性小;采空区排列的总长度越大,斜坡变形范围越大,但位移量值相较于采空区重叠的情况小;斜坡下部煤层被开采后,采空区上部坡体具有向坡外运动的趋势,坡脚出现显著的应力集中,坡脚岩体对斜坡具有"锁固"效应,扰动坡脚对斜坡稳定会产生不利影响。 相似文献
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急倾斜煤层覆岩结构的复杂性,使得现有的理论不能很好的解释覆岩移动和地表沉陷规律,为了深入研究急倾斜煤层开采覆岩移动和地表沉陷规律,本文采用MIDAS/GTS对急倾斜煤层开采情况进行模拟,并将"三带"理论应用于急倾斜煤层的研究。根据煤层开采后覆岩移动规律和地表沉陷的特点将煤层开采分为浅部开采阶段和深部开采阶段。浅部开采阶段覆岩破坏范围较小,顶板形成以上下煤柱为拱脚的拱形结构,地表表现为非连续的塌陷坑;深部开采阶段基本顶断裂、垮落在采空区形成铰接结构,地表表现为连续的下沉盆地。 相似文献
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以程潮铁矿西区为例,结合矿区的地层岩性和地下采矿情况,系统分析了金属矿山地下开采引起的地下水位变化及地表突发性塌陷的原因。研究表明：地表塌陷主要受地下采矿的影响;在一定的地质水文条件下,地表塌陷时采空区高度与采矿深度呈线型关系;地表变形大小和扩展范围与地层岩性息息相关;连续降雨能诱发地表塌陷。地表塌陷可被分为4个阶段：间歇性向上崩落阶段、裂缝连通及扩展阶段、疏干塌陷阶段及地表塌坑群形成阶段。采空区上部岩体垮落是非充分的,岩体空隙随时间的积累和岩体崩落动态变化,崩落呈间歇性、跳跃性地向上发展。岩体崩落的高度与地层岩性有关,岩体强度越小,完整性越差,每次崩落高度越小,总崩落高度越大。随着矿体的开采,漏斗状水位降形成。地下水位降低不仅与采空区的相对位置有关,还受岩性构造所控制。岩体裂隙的产生及发展贯通为地下水向下流动提供了有利通道,可溶岩不断被侵蚀,黏土及岩屑被地下水容冲刷带走易在地下形成隐伏空区。硬石膏整体变形破坏会造成地下水的突涌,在地下隐伏空区内产生瞬时高负压,诱发地表塌陷。 相似文献
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Jin-quan Jiang Quan-sen Wu Quan-lin Wu Pu Wang Chen Zhang Bin Gong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3451-3466
In the coal measure strata, igneous rocks are often invaded, and their occurrence, size, and distribution form play an important role in mining safety. The breakage of hard and thick igneous rocks easily induces dynamic disasters, such as rock burst, mine seismicity, gas outburst, and surface subsidence, which seriously threaten mine safety production. In view of the working face with overlying hard and thick igneous rocks, the evolution characteristics of mining stress and energy distribution under hard and thick igneous rocks were investigated. Furthermore, the influence law of different horizons and thicknesses of igneous rock on overlying strata movement law, stress distribution, and energy distribution was analyzed based on FLAC3D numerical simulation. Results show that no evident subsidence of the overlying strata exists before the igneous rock is broken. Additionally, the subsidence amount of the overburden is suddenly increased after the igneous rock is broken, thereby showing significant mutability. Before the igneous rock breaks, a high stress area is formed around the goaf, and the stress concentration gradually increases with the increase of the mining scope. After the igneous rock breaks, the coal under high stress is prone to induce dynamic disasters under the action of strong dynamic load. However, the advanced abutment pressure and stored energy rapidly decreased. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified by field monitoring. Results of the study are of considerable significance for safe mining of working face under similar geological conditions. 相似文献
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贵州贞丰县某煤矿开采煤层以向斜缓倾的三叠系上统火把冲组（T3h）为主,与贵州省大部分煤矿开采的背斜反倾煤层不同,其采矿活动诱发的地面沉降和滑坡风险亦表现出不同的变形破坏模式(背斜反倾煤层易诱发倾倒崩塌、顺层缓倾煤层易诱发地面塌陷与滑坡)。论文利用升、降轨观测的共15期3 m空间分辨率L波段PALSAR -2 SAR为数据源,开展了多期地表变形D -InSAR测量,确定出变形发生的位置、范围与滞后时间。经实地调查验证,InSAR解算结果较好地吻合了矿区开采范围和地表破坏情况,证实了InSAR在煤矿区识别时序性地表形变的准确性。进而分解计算了地表三维变形,并通过与地下开采范围和过程的相关性分析,深化了对该地区缓倾煤层地下开采诱发的顺层滑坡变形模式的认识:（1）InSAR可以识别计算出采矿区地表变形的范围与沉降量,矿区变形在干涉影像中表现为以采空区地表为中心向四周扩散的圆环状变形条纹;（2）地表变形区域覆盖地下采空区上方及附近地表区域,根据地表变形情况与地下采空区范围计算出该地区上山边界角约70°、下山边界角约58°;（3）地下采空与地表沉降变形存在约30 d的时间滞后;（4）顺层地下采空引发的地表水平移动方向受地层产状、地表坡向共同作用,水平向为沿层面的顺层滑移与向沉降中心汇聚的合成运动结果;（5）沿层面的顺层滑移与地表坡度因素叠加造成采空区地表上山侧岩石受拉产生拉裂缝,下山侧则易产生塌陷坑及裂缝。 相似文献
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Guibin Zhang Wenquan Zhang Changhao Wang Guangli Zhu Bo Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(5):1553-1563
In underground coal mines, the failure of overlying strata can have disastrous effects where the working face is overlain by thin bedrock covered with thick alluvium. Roof failure under these conditions can cause a massive water and sand inrush. This paper presents a case study for a design to prevent such disasters in the Baodian mine, China. First, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the overlying lithified strata and the alluvium were obtained from field and laboratory studies. Numerical models were then built with different bedrock thicknesses using distinct-element modelling software. The deformation, failure, and subsidence of the overlying strata during simulated coal mining were studied using these computer models. Finally, the results of the model studies were combined with the geological data to design a reasonable layout for the longwall panel to be mined in the Baodian mine. Initial results showed that the alluvium was somewhat impervious and water-poor. The models showed that the first caving and weighting intervals of the roof decreased with decreasing bedrock thickness, and decreasing bedrock thickness also increased maximum subsidence of the alluvium. The maximum height of the caving zone and the minimum height of the sand-prevention coal and rock pillars were 34 m and 46 m, respectively. Knowing this allowed a somewhat shorter (204 m) but safe working face to be designed. This research provides a good background for the design of safe mines under similar conditions. 相似文献
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为了研究岩溶山区地下采矿活动对上覆岩层及山体的变形影响,依托贵州纳雍普洒“8.28”特大崩滑案例,在现场地质调查的基础上,分析了纳雍普洒“8.28”崩塌体特征和山体变形发展过程,采用UDEC离散元数值方法研究了地下采动作用诱发强烈岩溶山体崩滑失稳过程及变形特征。结果表明:山体上部灰岩溶蚀强烈,形成众多裂隙和岩溶管道,在地下采动作用下经历了较长的变形发展过程;地下采动影响下,山体上覆岩层向采空区方向变形,并随着顶板岩层冒落,岩层变形显著增大;上覆岩层深大裂隙对山体变形有重要影响,上部岩层沿着裂隙向下形成沉降带,同时裂隙也得以扩展;崩塌区前缘岩体由于开挖卸荷,向坡外发生挤出变形,前缘阻滑力降低;随着采空区不断扩大,山体稳定性不断降低,最终山体整体溃屈,发生破坏。普洒崩滑模式为“山体后缘拉裂沉陷—裂隙扩展贯通—整体溃屈”。本研究为开展西南地区地下采动对岩溶坡体稳定性影响评价提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Assessment of rigid overlying strata failure in face mining 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eva Jiránková 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(4):524-530
The method of overlying strata failure assessment of extracted seams is based upon the simultaneous assessment of surface subsidence and seismic activity, considering the spatiatemporal progress of mining, depending on the character of the rock mass. The rigid overlying strata failure assessment results in finding whether a failure of the firm overlying rocks occurred or whether a strutting arch was formed over the mined-out area. The practical importance of the overlying strata failure assessment consists in determining the size of the mined-out area at which the com-plete failure of the rigid overlying strata occurred and in the assessment of the current stress condition of the overlying strata failure. The assessment method is applicable in deep mine workings where thick coal seams are being mined by means of the method of longwall mining with controlled caving. The results of this method are used to amend contemporary known methods of rock-burst protection, namely (regarding the use of surface measurements for the evaluation) in overlying strata areas. 相似文献
19.
Weijian Yu Weijun Wang Genshui Wu Xianyang Yu Wenqing Peng 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(5):1921-1931
Aiming at the construction and control problems of fractured rock mass when large section inclined shaft through goaf in this paper, and with the new digging belt conveyer incline shaft at No. 6 mine of Pingdingshan as the study subject, three zones of overlying strata in goaf and stability control of surrounding rock in incline shaft was studied. According to the actual mining situation and the engineering geological conditions, the methods of empirical formula and field tracking were used to determine the height of three zones of overlying strata and the length corresponding to the new digging belt conveyer incline shaft. At the same time, the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock in caving zone analyzed by laboratory experiment. And the compacted conditions of rock strata in goaf with the Ding5–6 coal seam was obtained through the field, so that “rigid U steel arch+ pouring concrete” supporting scheme was put forward. In addition, the mechanics principle of U steel inverted arch was analyzed by mechanical theory, which finally determined the concrete support parameters and construction scheme for surrounding rock of incline shaft in caving zone. Through field practice and late monitoring, the result shown that the stability of surrounding rock was well controlled, and surrounding rock began to stabilize and its deformation rate was less than 1 mm/d in the stable stage of monitoring. 相似文献