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1.
交通、波浪、地震等循环荷载引发不同主应力方向变化模式,对软土地基长期沉降与稳定产生显著影响。为研究饱和软黏土在交通荷载下的长期动力特性,借助空心圆柱扭剪仪开展偏应力空间中主应力轴心形线旋转、圆形旋转与定向剪切等3类主应力方向变化路径的室内模拟,对比研究了不同试验条件下试样不排水塑性累积变形、孔压、临界动应力比与动强度特性的发展规律,研究表明：（1）不同主应力轴旋转路径下土体临界应力比由低到高依次为主应力轴圆形旋转、主应力轴心形旋转、拉压非等幅三轴路径。与前面临界应力比分布相对应,在轴向累积应变稳定型中,产生的塑性累积变形与极限孔压依次减小;（2）振次大于一定数值时,不同主应力方向变化路径下稳定型试样的轴向累积应变与时间的对数具有良好的线性关系,并依此建立了轴向塑性累积变形方程;（3）与轴向塑性累积变形相对应,动力荷载下土体孔压增长也存在3种发展规律,主应力轴连续旋转路径下临界型破坏的土体孔压-应变时程曲线呈三阶段两相态点模式;（4）在其他条件均相同时,土体在主应力轴圆形旋转路径下强度最小,在主应力轴心形旋转路径下的次之,在拉压非等幅动三轴路径下最高。 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2021,(5)
实际交通荷载作用下,路基土单元内的竖向应力和水平应力大小不断发生变化,剪应力幅值和方向也不断变化,从而导致土体中的应力路径呈现出主应力轴连续旋转的现象。本文通过GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟类似交通荷载作用下的应力路径,开展不同围压和不同循环应力比下的主应力轴连续旋转试验,旨在研究在交通荷载类轴向纯压缩条件下主应力轴方向连续旋转时循环应力比与围压对原状软黏土的强度、累积应变、回弹应变、软化等因素的影响。试验结果表明：随着孔压的不断累积,原状饱和软黏土试样逐渐软化,轴向模量和剪切模量均随着循环应力比和围压的增加逐渐降低,并在主应力轴旋转一定的圈数后达到稳定。当循环应力比较小时,轴向和剪切应力应变滞回曲线均呈线性,不同主应力轴旋转圈数下的轴向和剪切应力应变滞回曲线近乎重合。随着主应力轴旋转圈数的增加,轴向和剪切应力应变滞回曲线越来越表现出明显的非线性,不同旋转圈数下试样的轴向和剪切应力应变滞回圈不再重合且滞回圈逐渐向x轴倾斜。随着循环应力比的增加,在主应力轴连续旋转初期,轴向模量和剪切模量迅速衰减,且随着加载圈数的增加达到稳定,并且试样的轴向模量和剪切模量达到稳定时的主应力轴连续旋转的圈数随循环应力比和围压的增大而不断增大。 相似文献
3.
主应力旋转将加速孔压和塑性应变的累积,影响土体的力学特性。为研究主应力轴循环旋转对 固结饱和粉质黏土孔压和变形的影响,利用GDS-HCA试验系统开展了不同应力路径的 固结饱和粉质黏土不排水循环三轴试验和循环扭剪试验,研究了主应力轴循环旋转对 固结饱和粉质黏土累积塑性应变、孔压等动力特性的影响。结果表明：动剪应力幅值、心形应力路径所包围的面积、循环偏应力幅值等均随循环剪应力比和循环动应力比的增大而增大。试样未发生破坏时, 固结饱和粉质黏土的孔压比随着振动荷载作用次数的增加而增大;当试样发生破坏时,孔隙压力迅速消散,孔压比急剧下降。循环扭剪试验时试件产生的轴向累积塑性应变始终大于循环三轴试验产生的累积塑性应变,说明主应力轴循环旋转会加速试件轴向应变的累积。试件的累积塑性应变随循环剪应力比和循环动应力比的增大而增大。循环动应力比越大时,主应力轴旋转造成的轴向累积塑性应变差异越显著。在Monismith幂次函数模型的基础上,建立了主应力轴循环旋转条件时K0固结饱和粉质黏土累积塑性应变方程,并对模型的可靠性进行了分析和验证。 相似文献
4.
目前用于轨道路堤分析计算的参数多是通过三轴试验获得,而列车荷载经过时土单元应力路径与循环三轴试验加载路径的显著差异可能导致预测失真而引发工程问题。针对某城市轨道进行了三维计算,并分析了移动列车荷载下土单元应力幅值、循环周数、主应力轴旋转的分布规律。在该基础上,采用空心圆柱循环扭剪试验对该复杂应力路径进行了模拟,研究了饱和软黏土的孔压及变形累积特性。结果表明,列车荷载经过时地基土单元大主应力将在(－90°, 90°)内发生旋转;该主应力轴旋转将显著促进软黏土孔压和应变的累积,竖向应力幅值为15 kPa时,循环扭剪试验产生的孔压值比循环三轴试验高77%,累积应变增大了近50%;随着循环应力水平提高,二者累积孔压及累积应变的差值还会进一步增大,甚至出现循环三轴下仅产生较小应变而循环扭剪下已破坏的本质性差异。 相似文献
5.
现有的饱和软黏土循环荷载累积孔压显式模型未能反映路基土体单元在土体自重作用下主应力轴的偏转现象。在确定饱和软黏土固结时间的基础上,在固结压力分别为100、150、200 kPa下,对软黏土进行主应力轴偏转角为15°、30°、45°的不排水循环加载试验,得到了固结围压、主应力轴旋转角及动应力比对循环累积孔压影响的规律。基于第一次循环加载累积孔压变化规律和修正动偏应力水平,建立了能考虑恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载下累积孔压显式模型,并利用恒定主应力轴偏转角循环加载试验结果验证了模型的合理性。建立的循环荷载下饱和软黏土累积孔压显式模型参数易于确定,参数具有明确的物理意义且能考虑主应力轴的恒定偏转现象。 相似文献
6.
在三维应力空间中,基于循环大主应力与循环中主应力的耦合模拟交通荷载下竖向循环正应力与平行于道路方向的水平向循环正应力的耦合,构建了循环大、中主应力耦合应力路径,定义了循环应力路径表征参数——循环中主应力系数bcyc。通过GDS动静真三轴仪,对正常固结饱和软黏土进行了一系列循环大、中主应力耦合应力路径下的不排水循环加载试验,重点分析了循环中主应力系数及循环应力比对正常固结软黏土长期循环动力及安定特性的影响。试验结果表明：三维应力状态下,循环中主应力系数的增大提升了土体回弹模量,抑制了累积大主应变的发展,并且累积大主应变与循环中主应力系数呈线性关系。基于安定理论,确定了循环大、中主应力耦合应力路径下饱和软黏土的容许循环应力比,同时发现循环中主应力系数的增加引起了容许循环应力比的上升。 相似文献
7.
实际交通荷载作用下,路基土单元内的竖向应力和水平应力大小不断发生变化,剪应力幅值和方向也不断变化,从而导致土体中的应力路径呈现出主应力轴连续旋转的现象。通过GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟类似交通荷载作用下的应力路径,开展不同围压和不同循环应力比下的主应力轴连续旋转试验,旨在研究在交通荷载类轴向纯压缩条件下主应力轴方向连续旋转时循环应力比与围压对原状软黏土的强度、累积应变、回弹应变、软化等因素的影响。试验结果表明：随着孔压的不断累积,原状饱和软黏土试样逐渐软化,轴向模量和剪切模量均随着循环应力比和围压的增加而逐渐降低,并在主应力轴旋转一定的循环次数后达到稳定。当循环应力比较小时,轴向和剪切应力-应变滞回曲线均呈线性,不同主应力轴循环旋转次数下的轴向和剪切应力-应变滞回曲线近乎重合。随着主应力轴循环旋转次数的增加,轴向和剪切应力-应变滞回曲线越来越表现出明显的非线性,不同循环次数下试样的轴向和剪切应力-应变滞回圈不再重合且滞回圈逐渐向x轴倾斜。随着循环应力比的增加,在主应力轴连续旋转初期,轴向模量和剪切模量迅速衰减,且随着循环次数的增加而达到稳定,并且试样的轴向模量和剪切模量达到稳定时的主应力轴连续旋转的循环次数随循环应力比和围压的增大而不断增大。 相似文献
8.
由于上海轨道交通四号线海伦路站隧道周围软土在地铁行车荷载作用下产生变形,使隧道发生局部开裂、渗水而需要对地铁隧道进行加固处理。通过上海地铁4号线海伦路站附近隧道周围加固软粘土进行应力控制的循环三轴试验,研究了地铁行车荷载作用下加固软粘土的动孔压发展情况,充分考虑了土体围压、固结比、轴向循环荷载的大小及频率对动孔压的影响。研究结果认为,其他条件相同时,加固软粘土孔压随振动次数、循环荷载幅值的增大而增大,随围压和加载频率的增大而减小,可以用二次对数关系曲线对加固软粘土残余孔压变化进行预测。 相似文献
9.
主应力轴旋转对土体的动力特性有着显著影响。利用GDS动态空心圆柱扭剪仪（HCA）能够实现内围压、外围压、轴力和扭矩四向动态加载的功能,提出了3种主应力方向变化的应力路径加载方式,分析了3种应力路径在实际工程中的应用,并进行了试验验证。当四向动载根据推导的波形函数加载时,可以实现：① 平均主应力p、中主应力系数b和偏应力q保持恒定,主应力轴循环旋转的应力路径;② 平均应力p和中主应力系数b保持不变,偏应力q循环变化,而主应力方向角? = 90°突变的应力路径;③ 平均主应力p、中主应力系数b保持不变,偏应力q、主应力方向角α连续变化的应力路径。应力路径①为模拟海洋波浪荷载作用下的应力路径试验提供了理论依据,应力路径②可用于模拟不同方向地震荷载的作用,应力路径③可以模拟波浪荷载作用下桩周土体的应力路径以及交通荷载作用下的应力路径。 相似文献
10.
为反映真实工程条件下主应力轴旋转应力路径引起土体性状的变化,对杭州地区正常固结原状软黏土在固结不排水的主应力轴定向剪切和主应力轴单调旋转条件下的应力-应变关系进行试验研究。研究发现,不同主应力方向的定向剪切路径下,随主应力方向变化,试样中各应变发挥程度显著不同,但破坏时的临界八面体应变变化较为稳定,且当八面体应变达到5%时,强度发挥程度已接近甚至超过90%。若剪切过程中增加了主应力幅值不变的不排水主应力轴单调旋转应力路径,只要破坏时主应力方向一致,经历与未经历主应力轴旋转试样的临界应变分量接近,但主应力轴旋转会影响加载阶段试样主应力、主应变增量方向所表现出的不共轴性,并且此影响随旋转时剪应力水平的提高而趋于显著,即使在临界破坏状态下依然明显。试验结果表明,由于土体原生各向异性、黏塑性等性质的存在,并不适宜用相关联流动法则来分析主应力轴旋转条件下土体的应力-应变关系特征。 相似文献
11.
Dynamic response and pore pressure model of the saturated soft clay around the tunnel under vibration loading of Shanghai subway 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper studies the saturated soft clay around the tunnel between Jingansi Station and Jiangsu Station of Shanghai subway line No.2. The continuous dynamic monitoring is conducted by means of embedded earth pressure piezometers and pore piezometers around the tunnel. The response frequency and stress amplitude of the saturated soft clay are studied with the distance from the tunnel due to the subway vibration loading. A formula is proposed for the attenuation of the dynamic pressure response in the soil. Then, based on the continuous field monitored data, and using the laboratory GDS (Global Digital System) test apparatus, the developing law of the pore water pressure of the saturated soft clay around tunnel is explored with the distance. By the GDS test, the model of the increasing pore water pressure of the saturated soft clay is put forward under the vibration loading. It is also amended by field monitored data. Finally the model is obtained. The result offers a valuable reference to the design, construction and the safe operation of the subway tunnel. 相似文献
12.
Foundation soils are often under non-proportional cyclic loadings. The deformation behaviour and the mechanism of non-coaxiality under continuous pure principal stress rotation for clays are not clearly investigated up to now. In order to study the effect of pure principal stress rotation, a series of cyclic undrained tests on Shanghai soft clay subjected to cyclic rotation of principal stress directions keeping the deviatoric stress constant under the pure rotation condition were conducted using hollow cylinder apparatus. Based on this, the evolutions of excess pore pressure and strains during cyclic loading were investigated, together with the effects of the intermediate principal stress parameter and the deviatoric stress level on stress–strain stiffness and non-coaxiality. The result can provide an experimental basis for constitutive modelling of clays describing the behaviour under non-proportional loadings. 相似文献
13.
Plenty of geomechanics tests and theories have confirmed the existence of non-coaxiality while soil is subjected to principal stress rotation. This paper investigated the influence of one particular principal stress path, which is a ‘heart-shape’ stress path that is normally induced by high-speed train loading, on the non-coaxiality of reconstituted soft clay. Hollow cylinder apparatus was employed to carry out series of undrained dynamic tests. The goals of this study were to (1) reveal the essential factors of complex cyclic loading paths that influence non-coaxiality in clayey soil and (2) quantify the influence of the factors on variation in non-coaxiality under the high-speed training loading. To analyze the non-coaxiality under high-speed train loading, (a) the pure rotation stress path was utilized as comparison for underling the different influence that ‘heart-shape’ stress path has from other conventional cyclic stress paths. (b) Two variables, dynamic stress ratio and tension–compression amplitude ratio, were introduced in analyzing the evolution of the non-coaxial angle. (c) Based on the test results, equations for describing the revolution of non-coaxiality were proposed which can help to describe the variation in non-coaxial angle under complex loadings quantitatively and understand the influence of the major factors of the stress path intensively.
相似文献14.
Yi-qun Tang Ping Yang Shu-kai Zhao Xi Zhang Jian-xiu Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(6):1205-1203
Shanghai subway Line No. 2 passes through the center of Shanghai from Songhong Road station in the west to Zhangjianggaoke
station in the east. The total length of Shanghai subway Line No. 2 is 25 km. The tunnel mostly lies in the saturated soft
clay and the environment issue can not be ignored. The response frequency and response stress of soil around the tunnel are
monitored when the subway train passes through. The cyclic triaxial test of the saturated soft clay around the subway tunnel
is conducted using the data monitored. The characteristics of deformation of the saturated soft clay of Shanghai under the
subway load are analyzed. The results show that when the subway train Line No. 2 begins to run, a small and vertical rebound
first occurs in the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel. Although a large deformation does not occur in the
saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel when the subway train has run for a period of time, yet with the lapse
of time, a perceptive and non-uniform deformation will still occur. The vertical rebound is transitory and a plastic deformation
occurs immediately in the saturated soft clay at the bottom of the tunnel, the large deformation at the bottom of the tunnel
is 30 times that of the saturated soft clay at the side wall of the tunnel.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献