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1.
Iron and phosphorite ores are very common in the geological record of Egypt and exploitable for economic purposes. In some cases these deposits belong together to the same geographic and geologic setting. The most common deposits include phosphorites, glauconites, and iron ores. Phosphorites are widely distributed as a belt in the central and southern part of Egypt. Sedimentary iron ores include oolitic ironstone of Aswan area and karstified iron ore of Bahria Oasis. Glauconites occur in the Western Desert associated with phosphorites and iron ores. As these ores are exploitable and phosphorus in iron ores and iron in phosphorites are considered as gangue elements, the iron–phosphorus relationship is examined in these deposits to clarify their modes of occurrences and genetic relationship based on previously published results.Phosphorus occurs mainly as carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). Iron, on the other hand, occurs in different mineralogical forms such as glauconites, hematite, limonite and goethite.In P-rich rocks (phosphorites) no relationship is observed between iron and phosphorus, which in turn indicates that the FeP model is unlikely to interpret the origin of the late Cretaceous phosphorites and the association of phosphorites and glauconites in Egypt. In Fe-rich rocks (iron ores and glauconites) also no relationship between iron and phosphorus is observed. The present work, therefore, does not support the hypothesis that there is a genetic relationship between phosphorus and iron in sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
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通过研究不同地质构造单元、不同时代地层和不同岩石类型中锰元素分布特征,认为辽西台陷和松辽拗陷区可作为形成锰矿的重要矿源地体.结合辽宁省富锰地层特征和锰矿床地质特征,认为铁岭组含锰灰岩岩层是沉积锰矿找矿的重要标志,其分布的辽西地区可划为辽宁省境内大型浅海沉积锰矿成矿远景区;辽东、辽南白垩系富锰页岩分布的地区有望找到中到大型河湖相沉积锰矿床;火山热液锰矿可在朝阳、锦西以西地区寻找,其矿源层为串岭沟组石英砂岩,高于庄组含锰细砂岩,大红峪组、铁岭组、洪水庄组富锰碳酸盐岩,成矿热液为酸性岩浆提供. 相似文献
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沉积变质型铁矿是北祁连山西段重要的矿床类型,一直以来都是该地区矿产勘查的重要对象,区内产有知名的镜铁山铁矿床。由于北祁连山地区山势陡峻、交通不便,地质工作程度相对较低,开展传统的地质调查工作难度较大。航空高光谱遥感具有高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率特点,其在矿物信息识别上较多光谱遥感有了质的提升,同时在该地区开展航空高光谱遥感调查是发挥遥感技术的高效性和先行性优势所在。本文基于调查区内沉积变质型铁矿床地质特征,利用航空高光谱遥感数据提取的赤铁矿、菱铁矿信息开展针对沉积变质型铁矿找矿预测。结果表明,提取的赤铁矿信息或直接指示铁（化）体产出位置,或指示含赤铁矿地层产出信息,这为直接或间接寻找铁矿床提供了重要信息;菱铁矿信息同样可作为寻找铁矿床的重要依据,分布范围较大的菱铁矿信息可直接指示富菱铁矿的铁（化）体产出位置。 相似文献
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Traces of historical tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the Ashburton Delta (north‐west Australia) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Simon Matthias May Dominik Brill Max Engel Anja Scheffers Anna Pint Stephan Opitz Volker Wennrich Peter Squire Dieter Kelletat Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2015,62(6):1546-1572
Although the north‐western coast of Western Australia is highly vulnerable to tropical cyclones and tsunamis, little is known about the geological imprint of historic and prehistoric extreme wave events in this particular area. Despite a number of site‐specific difficulties such as post‐depositional changes and the preservation potential of event deposits, both tropical cyclones and tsunamis may be inferred from the geomorphology and the stratigraphy of beach ridge sequences, washover fans and coastal lagoons or marshes. A further challenge is the differentiation between tsunami and storm deposits in the geological record, particularly where modern deposits and/or historical reports on the event are not available. This study presents a high‐resolution sedimentary record of washover events from the Ashburton River delta (Western Australia) spanning approximately the last 150 years. A detailed characterization of event deposits is provided, and a robust chronostratigraphy for the investigated washover sequence is established based on multi‐proxy sediment analyses and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Combining sedimentological, geochemical and high‐resolution optically stimulated luminescence data, event layers are assigned to known historical events and tropical cyclone deposits are separated from tsunami deposits. For the first time, the 1883 Krakatoa and 1977 Sumba tsunamis are inferred from sedimentary records of the north‐western part of Western Australia. It is demonstrated that optically stimulated luminescence applied in coastal sedimentary archives with favourable luminescence characteristics can provide accurate chronostratigraphies even on a decadal timescale. The results contribute to the data pool of tropical cyclone and tsunami deposits in Holocene stratigraphies; however, they also demonstrate how short‐lived sediment archives may be in dynamic sedimentary environments. 相似文献
5.
Economic significance of the sedimentary iron ore deposits is shown. The most important types of these deposits are characterized and their genesis is considered. Special attention is given to the formation of goethite-chlorite-siderite ooliths, which represent the main component of marine iron ore deposits. Geochemical and mineralogical features of different types of iron ores are examined. 相似文献
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Abstract: The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets. 相似文献
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宁乡式沉积铁矿床的时空分布和演化 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
宁张式铁矿是我国最重要的沉积型铁矿床,广泛分布于我国南部的鄂、湘、赣、川、滇、黔、桂诸省以及甘南地区。含矿建造主要赋存于中上泥盆统,而以上泥盆统为主,可划分出７个成矿区,其中最重要的鄂西－湘西北成矿区。在１个矿床中通常有１～４层铁矿,其中有１个是主矿层,矿石主要由鲕状赤铁矿组成,次有菱铁矿、鲕绿泥石和褐铁矿,含铁品位一般为３０％～４５％,含磷通过偏高,介于０．４％～１．１％,中泥盆世和晚泥盆世沉积铁矿在分布范围、矿床规模、赋太和围岩建造和矿石特征等方面有一定差异,文章对鄂西－湘西北成矿区的矿宋时空演化作了重点论述,对铁矿的分布与岩相古地理的关系及矿床生成条件进行了讨论,指出含矿建造大多产于海侵程序的沉积岩系中,在湿热环境下较封闭或半封闭的古海盆,古海湾或潮坪中的浅海－滨海相沉积组合是有利的成矿古地理条件,提出要 相似文献
9.
中国萤石矿预测评价模型与资源潜力分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国萤石矿资源较丰富,探明资源量居世界前列。我国的萤石矿研究工作主要围绕大中型萤石矿床的地质特征、物质来源、成因、区域成矿规律和少数省级萤石矿成矿远景区划、区域萤石矿资源潜力评价展开。为摸清萤石矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,亟需开展系统的、全国性的萤石矿成矿规律和资源潜力评价。依据中国萤石矿资源潜力评价报告数据和成果,文章分析了中国萤石矿矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带;在各省区建立的典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型基础上,以成矿系列理论为指导,突出总结萤石矿成矿要素和预测要素,归纳、汇总、提出了热液充填型和沉积改造型萤石矿矿床预测评价模型;以各省区圈定的最小预测区、归并的2级预测区和估算的资源量为基础,依据预测要素和区域预测模型,归并、圈定了198个3级预测区,汇总估算了全国萤石矿预测资源量,提出了中国萤石矿预测远景区。中国萤石矿资源丰富,找矿潜力大,预测资源量（CaF2）约9.5亿t,其中单一萤石矿预测资源量约4.3亿t,以热液充填型预测资源量为主。预测远景区主要分布于中国东部,四子王旗、冀北-辽西、豫南、皖南-浙西、浙中、闽北-粤东等地区成矿条件好,资源潜力大,是萤石矿预测资源量较大的地区。 相似文献
10.
西西非地区蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,尤其以产出众多大型超大型的铝土矿、铁矿、金矿、金刚石矿等著称,在全球占有重要地位。矿床集中分布在三个构造域内,形成于不同的成矿期:(1)太古宙马恩(Man)地盾和雷圭巴特(Reguibat)地盾、古元古界莱奥(Leo)地盾及凯涅巴(Kéniéba)和卡伊(Kayes)构造窗,主要成矿事件包括在2.5-2.3Ga形成了多个巨型铁矿床;几乎所有金矿、斑岩型铜矿、铅锌矿和沉积型锰矿都形成于2.2-2.1Ga;原生金刚石矿床形成于两个时间段,分别是2.2-2.0Ga左右和中生代。(2)泛非期和海西期活动带成矿域,主要成矿事件包括前寒武纪2.1Ga左右以及680Ma左右发生的铁氧化物铜金矿床(IOCG)成矿事件,以及新元古代沉积型铁矿和磷矿。(3)克拉通内盆地和海岸盆地带,包括新生代在中生代辉绿岩之上发生的铝土矿化作用,新近纪/第四纪形成的砂矿床、鲕状铁矿床和沉积型磷矿。西非地区的矿产分布规律与成矿时代、赋矿岩石、区域构造密切相关,不同矿种区域集中分布特征明显。根据已发现的铁矿、铝土矿、金矿、金刚石矿等主要经济矿产的分布,结合区域地质背景等因素,在西非克拉通南部划分了3个重要成矿区:(1)马恩太古宙地盾铁、金刚石巨型成矿区;(2)莱奥古中元古界地盾(包括凯涅巴构造窗)金矿等巨型成矿区;(3)博韦(Bove)新元古-古生代盆地铝土矿巨型成矿区。这些巨型成矿区也是西非地区最重要的矿产地和成矿远景区。 相似文献
11.
勘查区找矿预测理论与方法体系是基于全国129个典型矿床的深入研究,以及在勘查项目实践验证基础上总结而形成的一种特别适合生产找矿第一线使用的有效方法。该方法以成矿作用内因(元素的地球化学特征)和外因(地质作用类型)相结合的思路,构建以成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主要内容的找矿预测地质模型。四川会理地区位于扬子板块西缘,区域成矿地质条件优越,经历多期构造事件叠加,形成了一系列独具特色的铁铜矿床。近年来,在拉拉铜矿的深部及外围已取得了重大找矿突破和进展。本文以会理拉拉铜矿为典型实例及深部找矿预测成果示范,阐述该方法在深部找矿预测中的具体应用过程,得出了如下认识:早期成矿地质体为赋矿火山岩(河口群钠长岩类),成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为基(中)性火山岩与沉积岩的界面及可能的喷溢口;热液叠加期成矿地质体推测为深部隐伏岩体,成矿构造与成矿结构面主要为褶皱、断裂和裂隙。在总结成矿作用特征标志基础上,建立了拉拉铜矿勘查区找矿预测地质模型。通过与地质和物探方法相结合,圈定红泥坡南部为找矿靶区,经钻探验证,发现厚大矿体,打开了区域找矿空间。 相似文献
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Kholoud M. AbdelMaksoud Wael M. Al-Metwaly Dmitry A. Ruban Natalia N. Yashalova 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(5):599-608
Anthropogenic damage of geoheritage is documented widely, but natural processes can also lead to geoheritage loss. For instance, sand dune migration causes submergence of unique geological and palaeontological sites in desert environments of the Sahara. The Siwa Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt boasts rich geoheritage, which is represented in many localities. Three of them in the southern part of the oasis are outcrops of highly-fossiliferous limestones. Palaeontological, sedimentary, palaeogeographical, and geomorphological types of geoheritage are recognized there. Sand dune activity on the study area is registered both visually and with remote sensing techniques. Denudation and destruction of naturally-exposed rocks is documented. Evidence of outcrop submergence with sand is found in all cases. The localities are situated in the pathway of rapid (up to ?10 m/yr) dune migration. One locality may disappear within one–two years. Sand dune migration has to be considered as a factor of geoheritage loss in the Siwa Oasis, and the relevant protection of the studied localities is necessary. Geopark creation and improvement of water use in the oasis can also help significantly, as well as the reference to archaeological experience of excavation and protection of heritage sites submerged by sands. More generally, geoheritage conservation should be integrated with a program for sustainable oasis development. 相似文献
14.
Boris Kostic M. Peter Süss Thomas Aigner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(4):743-767
Quaternary sands and gravels form important, yet often highly heterogeneous economic deposits. Detailed 3-D analysis of the
sedimentary structure and stratigraphy of these deposits allows for an accurate estimation of exploitable material. This paper
presents a case study in SW Germany reconstructing the 3-D distribution of glacial sediments based on a high-resolution, process-orientated
sedimentary facies classification and lithostratigraphy integrated within the geo-modelling package gOcad. Situated along
the maximal ice-extent of the Rhine glacier during the last glaciation, the study area is characterised by a morphologically
prominent terminal moraine and its associated sandur, which form the stratigraphically youngest sediments of a glacial basin,
partially exposed in two gravel pits. These outcrops helped to reconstruct the complex sedimentary architecture of the northern
part of the glacial basin. The regional analysis is based on core data, as well as geoelectric and geomagnetic surveys. All
data were integrated into km-scale, high-resolution geological 3-D models, depicting the large-scale dynamics of multiple
glacier advances and retreats during the Early to Late Pleistocene. These models allow quantifying the thickness and volume
distribution of exploitable sandy gravel and help to evaluate the occurrence of non-exploitable interbedded diamicton horizons.
The high quality and quantity of gravels particularly north of the terminal moraine classifies the investigated area as very
prospective for raw materials exploitation in the future. 相似文献
15.
利用高分遥感技术发现西昆仑黑恰铁矿矿化带及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
西昆仑地区自然地理条件恶劣,交通条件极差,导致该地区地质工作程度较低。在西昆仑艰险地区充分利用高分遥感数据的优势开展遥感调查,通过对研究区成矿地质条件分析,建立矿化带高分遥感解译标志和高分铁染异常提取,辅以适当的野外查证,黑恰铁矿矿化带的发现为地质找矿提供新的线索。根据其遥感地质特征建立遥感地质找矿模型,为今后在西昆仑成矿带上寻找类似矿产提供遥感依据。该矿化带是北侧黑黑孜江干铁多金属矿床向东南方向的延伸,其成矿特征与西昆仑已经发现的一系列层控碳酸盐岩型的铁-铜、铅、锌-金矿床的成矿特征相似,沿东南方向具有较大找矿潜力,有望形成有前景的铁多金属矿床。 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(12):1367-1378
The clay fractions of saprolites from granites, basalt, and schists in Egypt were subjected to mineralogical and geochemical investigations to examine the effect of source rock on the composition of the saprolites and the possibilities of these saprolites as a source of the nearby sedimentary kaolin deposits. The clay fractions of the studied saprolites show mineralogical and geochemical variations. Saprolites from the granites consist of kaolinite, while saprolites from the basalts are composed entirely of smectite. Schists-derived saprolites are composed of kaolinite in some cases and of a mixture of kaolinite, illite, and chlorite in the other. Saprolite from the basalt is characterized by relatively higher contents of TiO2 and Ni compared to the saprolites from granites. Saprolites from granites have higher contents of Ba, Li, Pb, Sr, Th, Y, and Zr compared to those of the saprolites from the basalts and schists. Saprolites from different schists show variations in the distributions of many constituents, such as TiO2, Cr, Ni, Ba, Y, and Zr. Although chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) patterns are characterized by relative enrichments in the light rare earth elements (LREE) compared to the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) in all saprolites, granitic saprolites show negative Eu anomalies, while saprolite from basalt has no Eu anomaly. REE patterns of the saprolites from schists exhibit slight positive Ce anomalies and slight to moderate negative Eu anomalies. Weathering of saprolites from the basalt and metasediments is classified as the bisiallitization type, while weathering of saprolite from the granite is allitization type. Saprolites from schists vary from the bisiallitization (Aswan and Abu Natash) and allitization (Khaboba) types. Saprolites from the Khaboba schist can be considered the possible source of the Carboniferous kaolin deposits in the Hasber and Khaboba areas of Sinai, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of major, trace, and REE between the saprolites and the deposits. On the other hand, Carboniferous sedimentary kaolin deposits in the Abu Natash area, as well as the Cretaceous kaolin deposits in all areas of Sinai, might have been derived from the nearby schist saprolites, based on the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry between the saprolites and the kaolin deposits. Granites from the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) and East Sahara Craton (ESC) are the possible sources of the pisolitic and plastic kaolin deposits in the Kalabsha area (Aswan), as indicated by the similarity in the mineralogy and geochemistry of the granitic saprolites and the kaolin deposits. 相似文献
17.
针对新疆东戈壁地区还未开展高光谱遥感方面的相关研究问题,提出利用地面和航空高光谱遥感蚀变异常特征,进行蚀变异常带分析及找矿应用的工作思路,系统剖析蚀变矿物异常特征,圈定蚀变带,野外查证新发现多金属矿化线索,取得较好的找矿应用效果。东戈壁地区周边分布有较多的铁及多金属矿床、矿点,成矿地质条件优越,且属准平原状的丘陵地貌,植被覆盖少,基岩裸露好,围岩蚀变发育,具备开展地面和航空高光谱测量的地质和自然地理条件,可获取高质量的高光谱遥感数据并为找矿勘查服务。文章选择新疆东天山成矿带的东戈壁地区,利用FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱数据和HyMap航空高光谱遥感数据,解析地面各地质体所反映的蚀变矿物异常特征,系统剖析褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物的异常分布规律和反映的地质意义,综合区域地质特征和成矿规律,圈定高光谱遥感蚀变带,开展蚀变带的野外查证,新发现赋存于石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体中的铁、钼等多金属矿化,结合地质、蚀变矿物特征,初步预测东戈壁地区具有形成火山-沉积-后期热液改造型铁矿床、石英脉型钼矿床的成矿潜力,后期应开展以钼、铁矿为主的资源评价,重点开展石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体与褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物叠加地段的地质找矿。高光谱遥感技术可以快速获取异常信息和精确定位矿化异常信息部位,可发现较好的多金属矿化线索,为东戈壁地区下一阶段地质找矿和资源评价提供依据。 相似文献
18.
Ibrahim A. Salem Mohamed E. Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El Monsef 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(3):385-406
The present work deals with the geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and origin of the metagabbroic-hosted manganese deposits at Wadi Maliek in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt. The manganese veins are found in the shear zones and channel ways of the fault planes within the metagabbroic rocks pointing to those hydrothermal solutions carrying manganese and iron load penetrating along these fractures. These faults are striking N 80° E?CS 80° W with dipping 65°. These veins vary in thickness from 15?cm up to 125?cm wide; each vein may show difference in thickness from bottom to top. Microscopic examinations, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectral, differential thermal (DTA), thermogravimetric (TGA), and ESEM-EDAX analyses revealed that the manganese minerals consist mainly of pyrolusite, psilomelane, and ramsdellite. Goethite and hematite are the common iron minerals. Petrographically, the manganese deposits can be classified into three ore types based on the predominance of manganese and iron minerals: manganese, manganese?Ciron, and iron ore types. The geochemistry of Maliek deposits indicated that the total averages of some major oxides in manganese, manganese?Ciron, and iron ore types are respectively as follows: SiO2 (15.64%, 11.52%, and 20.58%), MnO (39.9%, 17.81%, and 0.77%), FeO* (7.13%, 33.31%, and 37.08%), CaO (5.89%, 5.82%, and 5.32%), and Na2O (1.04%, 1.61%, and 1.53%). With regard to trace elements, the Maliek manganese deposits are rich in Zn, Ba, Pb, Sr, and V. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical results, the studied manganese deposits are considered to be precipitated from hydrothermal solution. 相似文献
19.
新疆塔什库尔干地区“帕米尔式”铁矿床的发现及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
新疆塔什库尔干地区近年来发现了一系列规模较大的铁矿床,如老并铁矿床、乔普卡里莫铁矿床、叶里克铁矿床、吉尔铁克沟铁矿床等。由于这些矿床具有较为独特的矿床地质特征和成矿时代特点而有别于世界上已知的铁矿床,因而将其命名为"帕米尔式"铁矿床。以老并铁矿床为例对"帕米尔式"铁矿床的地质特征、成矿年代、矿床成因等进行了初步研究。研究表明,"帕米尔式"铁矿床主要赋存于布伦阔勒岩群黑云石英片岩岩性段内,该岩性段磁铁矿化现象较为普遍,普遍发育磁铁矿、黄铁矿、石膏、硬石膏的矿物同生组合,为一种特殊的膏铁建造;LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素测年表明,含铁建造布伦阔勒岩群的形成时代为早古生代;矿床成因类型为海相火山沉积型磁铁矿矿床,后期受到一定的区域变质作用的叠加改造。该类型矿床的发现,对于丰富世界铁矿床的类型和同类型铁矿床的找矿工作都具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
20.
This work presents the geological structure of the Neogen uranium-bearing ore sedimentary strata that filled the paleovalleys of the Koretkonde deposit. As a result of work we carried out, productive deposits were stratigraphically divided, the patterns of the localization of uranium mineralization were studied, and lithological and mineralogical ore-controlling factors were revealed. The main mineral phases of uranium were identified with scanning-electron microscopy and microprobe studies. In the future, a more detailed study of the deposits is planned in order to reveal methods for improving the efficiency of their exploration and organize the search for uranium deposits of such a type within the Vitim uranium-bearing ore region to expand the mineral resource base of Russia. 相似文献