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利用哈尔滨市区2000年TM遥感影像和2005年TM遥感影像及其他辅助资料,对处理后的影像进行矢量化和人工解译,获得详细土地类别的布局信息,并使用地理信息系统的空间分析和数据统计功能,分析研究区域土地类别的数量变化,土地利用类型之间的转化情况和分布状况。 相似文献
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高分一号（GF-1）是我国自主研发的第一颗高分辨率遥感卫星，其包含地物信息较为丰富，已应用于土地利用信息提取，但在水利工程库区土地利用调查方面研究较少。本文以峡江水利枢纽工程库区为例，首先对库区影像进行了基于RPC模型的正射校正、几何精纠正等预处理；然后针对GF-1的传感器响应特性，采用基于多元线性波段拟合的方法对多光谱与全色影像进行融合，该方法相对于传统分量替换法具有更好的融合性能；最后综合利用影像的光谱、纹理及形状等特征，采用面向对象的方法对融合后的库区影像进行了地类信息提取与分类精度评价。试验结果表明，融合影像可以有效提取水利工程库区的土地利用信息，总体分类精度达到87.9%，Kappa系数为0.836，能够满足库区土地利用调查和变化监测的要求。 相似文献
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The automatic selection of railway marshaling lines is an important procedure in the generalization of road network data. The line selection results must be geometrically consistent with the topological features of the external/internal structural and topological connectivity of the railway stations. When current methods are used to process the lines at railway marshaling stations, which exhibit crisscrossing, dense, non‐hierarchical, and complex characteristics, the selected lines tend to be topologically and structurally erroneous. In this article, we propose an automated method for the selection and generalization of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints. First, we identify four types of line structures in accordance with the spatial and topological features of railway stations. Then, based on length and spacing thresholds specified for the generalization process, line selection is performed while accounting for constraints regarding structural robustness and topological extensibility. Finally, we report the validation of our method on a dataset relating to Chengdu Railway Station, China. The results indicate that our method successfully preserves the external and internal structural features and connectivity of railway stations. 相似文献
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近年来升金湖自然保护区土地利用空间格局变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据1995、2000、2005、2009、2013年Landsat影像,利用监督分类方法（平行六面体、最大似然、最小距离、马氏距离）进行解译,利用高分一号影像对不同解译方法进行评价,确定最优解译方法。利用最优解译方法解译得到升金湖保护区5个时期的土地利用图。在此基础上利用ArcGIS景观格局分析工具,通过分析其水域面积、图斑数、破碎度等要素,得出不同时期的土地利用和景观格局变化。土地利用变化是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果,利用对近20年土地利用空间格局变化特征分析的研究,为区域土地利用开发和资源的可持续发展提供依据。 相似文献
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地理国情普查成果的应用是地理国情普查的重要任务之一。本文以东莞市1999、2003、2008年以及2013年的地理国情普查数据为基础,利用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度综合指数等模型,对东莞市建成区14年间的土地利用动态变化进行分析。研究结果表明:1999~2013年间东莞市农业生产用地和生态用地面积大量减少,城乡建设用地面积大幅增加,以耕地和构筑物的面积变化最为活跃,研究后期土地利用动态度呈现减缓趋势;1999、2003、2008年以及2013年东莞市建成区内土地利用程度综合指数分别为:309.23、332.39、350.15、357.94。土地利用总体处于发展阶段。 相似文献
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Small‐area patch merging is a common operation in land use data generalization. However, existing research on small‐area patch merging has mainly focused on local compatibility measures, which often lead to area imbalances among land use types from a global perspective. To address the shortcomings of previous studies by resolving local and global concerns simultaneously, this article proposes a merging method that considers both local constraints and the overall area balance. First, a local optimization model that considers three constraints—namely, the areas of neighboring patches, the lengths of shared arcs, and semantic similarity—is established. The areas of small patches are first pre‐allocated. Subsequently, in accordance with an area change threshold for individual land use types, land use types with area changes that exceed this threshold are identified. The patches corresponding to these land use types are subjected to iterative adjustments while considering the overall area balance. Based on their area splitting abilities, the split lines for small‐area patches are determined, and small‐area patches are merged. Finally, actual data from Guangdong Province are used for validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of preserving the local compatibility of patches while balancing the overall area associated with each land use type. 相似文献
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以往居民地自动综合的研究多集中于建筑物的多边形化简,较少考虑到其与街区、道路网的联系。提出了顾及路网结构保持的城镇居民地自动综合模型,此模型包含道路选取和街区内部结构概括两方面。前者基于网眼密度并结合路划功能选取道路数据,用于街区合并;后者则主要涉及建筑物多边形化简,通过改进矩形差分组合方法,在原有面积阈值的基础上添加距离阈值,并提供新的分层化简思路。以1:1万地图数据到1:5万比例尺的自动综合实验验证了本文算法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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地图综合中,建筑物群的排列结构是需要重点考虑的因素。当不同排列的子建筑物群之间存在空间图形冲突时,这些建筑物群的综合就显得更为复杂。直线排列建筑物群的综合在大比例尺地形图上以典型化操作为主。本文提出一种相互之间存在潜在空间图形冲突的多个直线排列建筑物子群的渐进式典型化方法,渐进式地处理多个直线排列建筑物子群之间的空间图形冲突,保留建筑物群重要的直线排列结构;以建筑物表达的视觉图形约束为限制条件,自动确定典型化后的建筑物位置、形状、大小和方位。本文还研究了基于建筑物群空间邻近图的直线排列建筑物子群的自动识别方法,分析了这些直线排列之间的邻近关系和相交关系。最后,以1：5000地图上的建筑物群综合为1：25 000为试验对象,验证了所提出算法的可用性和有效性。 相似文献
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《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):221-233
AbstractCartographic generalization aims at simplifying the representation of data to suit the scale and purpose of the map. This paper deals with a method that implements the whole graphic generalization process (roughly defined as the operators simplification, smoothing, exaggeration and displacement) called simultaneous graphic generalization. This method is based on constraints, i.e. requirements that should be fulfilled in the generalization process. The constraints strive to make the map readable while preserving the characteristics of the data, which implies that all constraints cannot be completely satisfied. This study was concentrated on finding the optimal compromise between the constraints in simultaneous graphic generalization by setting weights for the constraints. Four strategies for determining the weights are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The discussion is based on the following assumptions: the constraints are independent, and the weights are only dependent on constraint type and object type. A comparison of the strategies reveals that the strategy constraint violation is the most promising. One advantage with this strategy is that it is related to the quality requirements of the map, and another advantage is that it provides a numerical measure for quality assessment. The paper concludes with a case study of the constraint violation strategy, in which visualization of the numerical quality measure is used. The case study shows that the constraint violation strategy gives a sound compromise between the constraints. 相似文献
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A map‐algebra‐based method for automatic change detection and spatial data updating across multiple scales 
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下载免费PDF全文 The availability of geospatial data has increased significantly over recent decades. As a result, the question of how to update spatial data across different scales has become an attractive topic. One promising strategy is to use an updated larger‐scale dataset as a reference for detecting and updating changed objects represented in a to‐be‐updated smaller‐scale dataset. For such an update method, an understanding of the different types of changes that can occur is crucial. Using polygonal building data as an example, this study examines the various possible changes from different perspectives, such as the reasons for their occurrence, the forms in which they manifest, and their effects on output. Then, we apply map algebra theory to establish a cartographic model for updating polygonal building data. Supported by concepts of map algebra, an update procedure involving change detection, filtering, and fusion is implemented through a series of set operations. In addition to traditional polygon overlay functions, the constrained Delaunay triangulation model and knowledge of map generalization procedures are employed to construct set operations. The proposed method has been validated through tests using real‐world data. The experimental results show that our method is effective for updating 1:10k map data using 1:2k map data. 相似文献
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This paper combines participatory activities (PA) with remote sensing analysis into an integrated methodology to describe and explain land-cover changes. A remote watershed on Mindanao (Philippines) is used to showcase the approach, which hypothesizes that the accuracy of expert knowledge gained from remote sensing techniques can be further enhanced by inputs from vernacular knowledge when attempting to understand complex land mosaics and past land-use changes. Six participatory sessions based on focus-group discussions were conducted. These were enhanced by community-based land-use mapping, resulting in a final total of 21 participatory land-use maps (PLUMs) co-produced by a sample of stakeholders with different sociocultural and ecological perspectives. In parallel, seven satellite images (Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, and SPOT4) were classified following standard techniques and provided snapshots for the years 1976, 1996, and 2010. Local knowledge and collective memory contributed to define and qualify relevant land-use classes. This also provided information about what had caused the land-use changes in the past. Results show that combining PA with remote-sensing analysis provides a unique understanding of land-cover change because the two methods complement and validate one another. Substantive qualitative information regarding the chronology of land-cover change was obtained in a short amount of time across an area poorly covered by scientific literature. The remote sensing techniques contributed to test and to quantify verbal reports of land-use and land-cover change by stakeholders. We conclude that the method is particularly relevant to data-poor areas or conflict zones where rapid reconnaissance work is the only available option. It provides a preliminary but accurate baseline for capturing land changes and for reporting their causes and consequences. A discussion of the main challenges encountered (i.e. how to combine different systems of knowledge), and options for further methodological improvements, are also provided. 相似文献
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网络空间信息可视化对揭示网络空域规律、促进网络空间认知具有重要意义。将网络空间节点与拓扑关系直接可视化的视图中存在大量的点重合和线交叉,目前已有的网络节点布局算法、集束边技术、骨干网提取和网络路由拓扑多尺度表达等方法能够优化视图效果,但在网络的微观结构上,对保持网络空间点群要素的特征信息关注不够。通过分析并量化网络空间点群要素的各类特征信息,提出了一种基于层次聚类的要素聚合方法和一种基于节点重要性度量的要素选取方法,以自动综合的方式对网络空间点群要素进行综合。实验结果表明,该方法能够保持网络空间点群要素的空间特征,为定量表达网络空间特征、加速生成视觉效果良好的网络空间地图提供基础数据综合方法。 相似文献
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地形图是进行城乡规划、土地利用总体规划的重要依据,对于全面加强土地管理具有重要作用。但是,使用传统方法进行地形图缩编费时费力,本文以某市1∶500到1∶2 000地形图缩编为例,充分利用Auto CAD的二次开发功能、FME Converter平台的数据格式转换和Arc GIS的制图综合工具,采用半自动缩编的方法,提高缩编的工作效率,提供了一种智能化缩编方法的新思路,并介绍地形图中各要素的关键编绘技术及其处理技巧。 相似文献
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目前国家启动了1∶1000000基础地理信息数据库动态更新项目,其中1∶1000000地形数据库主要是利用最新版的1∶250000地形数据进行缩编更新生产。本文主要依据1∶1000000地形数据库缩编更新相关的项目要求和技术指标,研究和制定对应的地形数据缩编方法。并在人机交互作业的前提下,利用ArcGIS桌面软件和ArcObjects组件,开发一系列缩编工具,将地图综合过程分解,合理地进行人机分工,交互式地完成地图缩编工作。 相似文献