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1.
Esperanza Muñoz‐Salinas Paul Bishop David CW Sanderson Jose‐Juan Zamorano 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(5):651-660
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is a technique that has been applied from the mid‐1980s, mainly for sediment dating. The OSL technique is based on sample stimulation by light to determine the luminescence signal that is stored in the crystal lattices of sediment grains after deposition, burial by later sediment and subsequent exposure to ionizing radiation from radioactive elements in the surrounding sediment. In such sediment dating, two parameters are required: the equivalent dose (i.e. the luminescence signal stored in the grains), and the dose rate (i.e. the ionizing energy from α, β and γ radiation emitted by naturally occurring radioisotopes in the deposit, plus the effects of cosmic radiation). In this research, the OSL technique is not used for dating. The study goal is to analyse only the luminescence signals (the total photon counts) in polymineral samples obtained after light stimulation in the blue (BLSL) and infrared (IRSL) wavelengths using a portable OSL reader designed and built at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC). Three fluvial case studies – from Cambodia, Australia and Mexico – are used to illustrate the geomorphological interpretations possible with the portable OSL reader data from sediments resulting from a range of different depositional processes. The case studies show that aspects of sediment's transport and depositional processes can be inferred from the portable OSL reader data, providing valuable insights into geomorphological history. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
O.J. Abbott 《Marine pollution bulletin》1977,8(9):204-205
Molybdenum occurs naturally in seawater as molybdate ion, but little is known of its effects, at elevated concentrations, upon marine organisms. The toxicity of ammonium molybdate, a constituent of some industrial wastes, to marine invertebrates has now been tested. It proves to be not very toxic. 相似文献
3.
《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1986,6(3):59-63
In 1984, the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources was required to assess the regulations and practices of the Illinois Underground Injection Control (UIC) program as it relates to Class I hazardous waste disposal wells. Nine injection wells, including two standbys (one inactive), are currently in operation at seven sites in the state. These wells range in depth from 1540 to 5524 feet (470 to 1683m; most inject wastes into porous carbonate formations (two wells inject into a thick sandstone). In 1984, approximately 300 million gallons (1.1 billion liters) of industrial wastes were disposed of in these wells. Acids were the most common waste disposed of, although water made up 70 to 95 percent of the wastes by volume. Illinois has been granted primacy in operating this program.
The geologic environment, consisting of the unit accepting the waste and confining units lying above and below, has the capacity to accept the waste, to retain it, and to protect all underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from contamination by its injection. The geology of Illinois is relatively simple and includes disposal zones and associated confining units suitable for deep-well injection across the central two-thirds of the state.
The regulatory structure for Class I injection wells is generally adequate in concept and scope to ensure containment of injected wastes and to safeguard underground sources of drinking water in Illinois. There is a need to update and strengthen selected portions of the regulatory practices in the areas of waste sampling protocol, chemical analysis of collected waste samples, and evaluation of injection well testing and monitoring data.
A number of technologies exist that can treat and dispose of most hazardous and non-hazardous waste streams. Each of these technologies has associated with it economic, environmental and societal impacts. 相似文献
The geologic environment, consisting of the unit accepting the waste and confining units lying above and below, has the capacity to accept the waste, to retain it, and to protect all underground sources of drinking water (USDW) from contamination by its injection. The geology of Illinois is relatively simple and includes disposal zones and associated confining units suitable for deep-well injection across the central two-thirds of the state.
The regulatory structure for Class I injection wells is generally adequate in concept and scope to ensure containment of injected wastes and to safeguard underground sources of drinking water in Illinois. There is a need to update and strengthen selected portions of the regulatory practices in the areas of waste sampling protocol, chemical analysis of collected waste samples, and evaluation of injection well testing and monitoring data.
A number of technologies exist that can treat and dispose of most hazardous and non-hazardous waste streams. Each of these technologies has associated with it economic, environmental and societal impacts. 相似文献
4.
Bhagwat S. Rautela Gurupad S. Gusain Manjulata Yadav Sarat K. Sahoo Shinji Tokonami Rakesh C. Ramola 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(4):1038-1045
The energy released in a spontaneous decay process of natural radionuclides is the main source of the total radiation dose to human beings. Natural radionuclides are widely distributed in soil, rocks, air, and groundwater. In present investigation, the analysis of terrestrial radionuclides such as 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil and sand of Chattarpur area of southeastern coast of Odisha has been carried out using NaI(Tl) gamma ray detector. The higher activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides have been reported from the study area. The gamma radiationdose originating from the terrestrial radionuclides was found to vary from 95 to 1813 nGy/h with an average of 700 nGy/h. This study is important to generate a baseline data of radiation exposure in the area. Health hazard effects due to natural radiation exposure are discussed in details. 相似文献
5.
JensR.VALEUR SteenLOMHOLT ChristianKNUDSEN 《国际泥沙研究》2004,19(2):83-95
A fixed link (tunnel and bridge, in total 16 km) was constructed between Sweden and Denmark during 1995-2000. As part of the work, approximately 16 million tonnes of seabed materials (limestone and clay till) were dredged, and about 0.6 million tonnes of these were spilled in the water. Modelling of the spreading and sedimentation of the spilled sediments took place as part of the environmental monitoring of the construction activities. In order to verify the results of the numerical modelling of sediment spreading and sedimentation, a new method with the purpose of distinguishing between the spilled sediments and the naturally occurring sediments was developed. Because the spilled sediments tend to accumulate at the seabed in areas with natural sediments of the same size, it is difficult to separate these based purely on the physical properties. The new method is based on the geo-chemical differences between the natural sediment in the area and the spill. The basic propertiesused are the higher content of calcium carbonate material in the spill as compared to the natural sediments and the higher Ca/Sr ratio in the spill compared to shell fragments dominating the natural calcium carbonate deposition in the area. The reason for these differences is that carbonate derived from recent shell debris can be discriminated from Danien limestone, which is the material in which the majority of the dredging took place, on the basis of the Ca/Sr ratio being 488 in Danien Limestone and 237 in shell debris. The geochemical recognition of the origin of the sediments proved useful in separating the spilled from the naturally occurring sediments. Without this separation, validation of the modelling of accumulation of spilled sediments would not have been possible. The method has general validity and can be used in many situations where the origin of a given sediment is sought. 相似文献
6.
Intense agricultural and industrial activities in any area are likely to make groundwater vulnerable with respect to its quality. In one such area which is a part of Sabarmati river basin of Gujarat, factors influencing the groundwater hydrochemistry in pre‐ and post‐monsoon season were evaluated. Groundwater samples were collected from 5 km × 5 km grids on the basis of spectral signature of vegetation and soil, observed on satellite image. Integration of Conventional graphical plots, Piper plot, saturation index values (estimated using PHREEQC) and GIS was helpful not only to create the database for analysis of spatial variation in respective water quality parameters but also to decipher the hydrogeochemical process occurring in such a large area. USSL diagram and % sodium were used to characterise the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. It was observed that leaching of wastes disposed from anthropogenic activities and agrichemicals is the major factor influencing the groundwater quality, in addition to the natural processes such as weathering, dissolution and ion exchange. Sea water relics are also impacting the groundwater quality. Control of indiscriminate and unplanned exploitation of groundwater, application of fertilizers and disposal of industrial wastes in the affected areas can possibly ensure groundwater protection from further pollution and depletion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Tunicates may serve as marine pollution indicators for monitoring the release of industrial and/or radioactive wastes into the marine environment. Their ability to accumulate certain trace elements from the seawater can be employed in order to define a suitable organism as indicator for some specific pollutants. In this work the concentration of the elements cobalt, zinc, chromium, caesium, silver, iron, rubidium, selenium, scandium and antimony has been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and γ-ray spectroscopy, in two tunicates, Microcosmus sulcatus (Pyuridae) and Ciona intestinalis (Cionidae).According to the concentration factors found for these species Ciona intestinalis can be used as indicator for iron, while Microcosmus sulcatus as indicator for the elements selenium, chromium, zinc and cobalt. 相似文献
8.
1982年9-12月,在漳州温泉区布设了台网进行微震观测。结果表明,在漳州及其以北的沙建温泉区一带均有微震与小震群活动,震级为Ms=-1～1级,震源为3-14km。用震源的分布、震源机制解和微震综合断层面解的结果,研究了地质断裂的现今活动性及其与温泉的关系。认为区内东西向与北东向断裂是控制温泉分布的主要构造,而北西向断裂则是温泉的涌水构造。经探明,在有浅层热储的漳州市以及地质断裂发育的沙建地区,地震波速与介质泊松系数均低于正常值。此外,台网尚观测记录到一些异常的振动现象。根据地震的综合信息,探讨了研究区微震活动与水热活动的关系。 相似文献
9.
Sampling data on subsoil and surface water near a storage site of low-activity liquid radioactive wastes, receiving neutralized
uranium-containing pulps are given. Thermodynamic calculations are used to describe the behavior of major polluting and petrogenic
components in the drainage system, allowing the occurrence forms of elements in solution and/or solid phase to be determined.
The results suggest a positive effect of natural geochemical barriers hampering the process of uranium migration into natural
waters. Over-all, the technogenic-natural system under consideration was found to effectively cope with the removal of uranium-containing
compounds from industrial water. 相似文献
10.
《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1986,6(3):49-52
Liquid low-level radioactive wastes have been disposed of by subsurface injection at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for the last two decades. The process entails mixing the wastes with cement and other additives, then pumping the slurry under pressure into a highly impermeable shale; the pressure is sufficient to create bedding plane fractures in which the grout, containing the wastes, sets. Research is being conducted to develop an understanding of the hydrology of the site and monitoring methods. The present regulatory climate regarding injection wells has created an uncertain future for this technique. 相似文献
11.
R.J. Pentreath 《Continental Shelf Research》1987,7(11-12)
Low-level liquid radioactive wastes are routinely discharged under authorization into United Kingdom coastal waters from nuclear reactor sites, from nuclear fuel reprocessing and fabrication plants, and from other facilities connected with the nuclear industries. The effluents contain a wide range of radionuclides, with greatly varying half-lives and in different chemical forms. The receiving environments are also markedly different. All of these factors need to be taken into account in order that the authorizations for discharge are based on a sound knowledge of the underlying environmental science as well as meeting the objectives of radiological protection.The largest research effort has been expended on the longer-lived nuclides discharged from the BNFL plant at Sellafield into the Irish Sea. These studies have focused on such aspects as the nature of the effluent, the dispersion of the soluble nuclides out of the Irish Sea, the retention of other nuclides within it, and the incorporation of radionuclides into settled sediments. Some comparisons have also been made between other sites by observing the concentrations of radionuclides in similar materials, at similar distances, per unit rate of discharge.Although these studies are useful in developing an understanding of the dynamics of radionuclides in coastal environments, it is essential to have a wider and more general knowledge if the long-term consequences of discharging radionuclides—or any other chemical waste—into coastal waters are to be fully evaluated. These consequences are assessed by the use of models which have, necessarily, to simplify many of the processes involved. It is therefore all the more important that the underlying science relating to the nature and behaviour of the wastes, and of the receiving environment, is fully explored, and that the assumptions used in the models can be satisfactorily validated. 相似文献
12.
Guitart C Slattery M Ankisetty S Radwan M Ross SJ Letcher RJ Reddy CM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(3):631-636
Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable 14C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the 14C content of four O-PBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2′-OH-BDE68, 2′,6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2′-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C12H22O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds. 相似文献
13.
14.
Janet G. Hering Peggy A. O'Day Robert G. Ford Y. Thomas He Azra Bilgin H. James Reisinger David R. Burris 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2009,29(3):84-92
The potential application of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a remedy for ground water contaminated with arsenic (As) is examined for a subset of contaminated sites, specifically those where naturally occurring As has been mobilized due to localized anthropogenic organic carbon (OC) releases. This includes sites subject to petroleum releases, exposure to landfill leachates, and OC additions for biostimulation of reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents. The key characteristic of these sites is that, under conditions prevailing before the anthropogenic OC introduction, the naturally occurring As in the subsurface was not mobile and did not adversely affect ground water quality. This suggests that, in the far-field (where background conditions are (re) established), As may be sequestered upon contact of the contaminated ground water with either or both the (uncontaminated) ambient ground water and the background aquifer minerals. The observed extents of elevated concentrations (or "footprints") of As and other chemical species, such as dissolved OC and iron (Fe), and related parameters, such as redox potential ( E h ) and dissolved oxygen, and their evolution over time can be used to assess the mobilization and sequestration of As and the potential feasibility of MNA as a remedial option. Ultimately, the capacity for As sequestration must be assessed in the context of the OC loading to the site, which may require "active" measures for source control. Monitoring is needed to confirm the continuing effectiveness of the MNA remedy or to indicate if contingency measures must be implemented. 相似文献
15.
Zinc remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to its highly toxic and persistent nature. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of zinc are not economical and further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Mechanisms involved in the biosorption process include chemisorption, complexation, adsorption–complexation on surface and pores, ion exchange, microprecipitation, heavy metal hydroxide condensation onto the bio surface, and surface adsorption. Biosorption largely depends on parameters such as pH, the initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, presence of various competitive metal ions in solution, and to a limited extent on temperature. Biosorption using biomass such as agricultural wastes, industrial residues, municipal solid waste, biosolids, food processing waste, aquatic plants, animal wastes, etc., is regarded as a cost‐effective technique for the treatment of high volume and low concentration complex wastewaters containing zinc metal. Very few reviews are available where readers can get an overview of the sorption capacities of agro based biomasses used for zinc remediation together with the traditional remediation methods. The purpose of this review article is to provide the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agro based biomasses for zinc metal ions removal. An extensive table summarizes the sorption capacities of various adsorbents. These biosorbents can be modified using various methods for better efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale. We have incorporated most of the valuable available literature on zinc removal from waste water using agro based biomasses in this review. 相似文献
16.
Chen Yilin Qin Yong Li Jiuqing Li Zhuangfu Yang Tianyu Lian Ergang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(9):1736-1750
Science China Earth Sciences - The synthesis of carbon onions in the laboratory by various methods is common; however, naturally occurring carbon onions have only been found in a few geological... 相似文献
17.
Biological effects of gold mine tailings on the intertidal marine environment in Nova Scotia,Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
From 1861 to the 1940s, gold was produced from 64 mining districts in Nova Scotia, where mercury amalgamation was the dominant method for the extraction of gold from ore until the 1880s. As a result, wastes (tailings) from the milling process were contaminated by mercury and were high in naturally occurring arsenic. In 2004 and 2005, sediments, water and mollusc tissues were collected from 29 sampling stations at nine former gold mining areas along the Atlantic coastline and were analysed for arsenic and mercury. The resulting data were compared with environmental quality guidelines. Samples indicated high potential risk of adverse effects in the intertidal environments of Seal Harbour, Wine Harbour and Harrigan Cove. Arsenic in Seal Harbour was bioavailable, resulting in high concentrations of arsenic in soft-shell clam tissues. Mercury concentrations in tissues were below guidelines. This paper presents results of the sampling programs and implications of these findings. 相似文献
18.
Miquel JC 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,43(1-6):19-27
The recent revelation that over the past 30 years there has been a history of dumping waste including high-level radioactive wastes in the shallow Kara Sea has caused wide-spread concern. The potential impact of these contaminants and other non-nuclear pollutants in the Arctic ecosystem and on human health need to be assessed and, thus, a better insight gained on radioecological processes in cold waters. The present paper proposes a general view on the biology and the environment of the Kara Sea, as a basic tool for the experimental and modelling assessments of the impact of these contaminants. 相似文献
19.
The search for exoelectron emission from Apollo 12 materials usually produced negative results, suggesting that the concentration of naturally occurring traps is very low. Weak exoelectron activity was found scattered inhomogeneously within a pigeonite basalt rock and in a deep core tube sample. Its erratic appearance and intensity makes any interpretation of radiation history most difficult and is attributed to the activity being carried by only a few scattered crystals. The thermally stimulated emission of exoelectrons is judged an unsuitable technique for tracing the radiation histories of these samples. 相似文献
20.
Water Resources - The volumes of groundwater pollution in the zone of technogenic impact were calculated. A hydrochemical anomaly formed because of the penetration of industrial liquid wastes into... 相似文献