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花管土钉已被广泛应用于基坑工程中,但其抗拔承载机理尚不明确。根据花管土钉的支护原理,分析其三种破坏形式,提出花管土钉的四个受力阶段;基于库仑土压力理论,将滑动土体上方看作均布荷载,推导出花管土钉极限抗拔承载力的计算公式;结合兰州某基坑实例,将《建筑基坑支护技术规程》中的花管土钉极限抗拔承载力计算方法与本文计算方法进行拉拔试验,并对结果进行对比分析。研究表明：花管土钉的破坏模式主要为花管杆体被拉断、出浆锚固体被剪断及出浆锚固体前端土体变形过大;花管土钉的四个受力阶段包括静止阶段、塑性区产生阶段、塑性区扩张阶段和破坏阶段;在花管土钉极限抗拔承载力的组成中,出浆锚固体提供的抗拔力所占比重随花管埋深的增大而显著增大,是花管土钉极限抗拔承载力的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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土石坝内部存在较多的接触面,在静、动力荷载作用下,接触面的力学特性对坝体的稳定性具有显著的影响。基于动态单剪仪,开展了粗粒料与掺砾粘土接触面循环单剪试验。试验结果表明,初始剪应力加载方向对相对位移有较大影响：相对位移总是在沿初始剪应力加载方向一侧较大;在一个剪切循环内,正、反向加载时,若剪应力较小,发生剪缩变形,若剪应力较大,则发生剪胀变形;卸载时试样发生剪缩变形;整个剪切循环过程中,试样总体上处于剪缩状态;循环单剪过程中,接触面抗剪强度提高;接触面抗剪强度随着法向应力的增大而增大,呈线性关系。 相似文献
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寒区土与结构接触面冻结强度可以视为是与土性、温度、含水量、界面粗糙度、法向压力等诸多因素直接相关的复杂函数形式,并直接影响到上部结构的承载能力及稳定性。以青藏高原黏土与不同粗糙度的钢板结构接触面为研究对象,通过不同含水率、不同温度及不同法向压力下冻结黏土与钢板结构接触面的直剪正交试验,研究土与结构接触面冻结强度的影响因素及影响程度大小,并对冻结强度的变化规律进行初步分析和探讨。研究结果表明含水量对抗剪强度的影响最大,在不同影响因素共同作用下,界面抗剪强度最小值为0.13 MPa,最大值为0.45 MPa。界面抗剪强度随含水量的增加、温度的升高而明显降低,随界面法向压力和粗糙度的增大呈明显增大趋势。界面强度基本可通过摩尔-库仑准则,利用界面的黏聚力和内摩擦角进行表示,并在文中给出了界面强度的参考值。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(3)
应用Midas/GTS数值分析软件对车辆动荷载作用下基坑支护体系的动力响应进行了模拟分析。通过调整车速和车辆行驶位置系统地分析了不同车速行驶动荷载作用下基坑支护结构的内力及位移变化情况。研究发现,基坑桩锚支护体系中锚杆轴力随车速提升呈先增大后减小的规律,支护桩整体结构在车速动荷载影响下与锚杆轴力呈相同变化趋势,汽车在一定行驶速度范围内,随着车速的提升支护桩位移逐渐增大,达到波动峰值后位移变小;车辆距离基坑边线的行驶位置与桩锚支护结构受力变化呈非线性关系,距离越近影响变化越明显。结合具体工程实例,通过对现场监测数据分析并与数值模拟结果进行对比,结果表明,数值模拟与现场监测得到的基坑支护体系内力及位移变化规律一致,数值模拟技术工程指导效果显著。 相似文献
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介绍了2个相同尺寸混凝土扩展基础分别在上拔、上拔与水平力组合荷载作用下的室内足尺试验概况,并根据加载过程中的基顶荷载位移、基础主柱纵筋应变、扩大端钢筋和混凝土应变等试验数据,分析了2种荷载工况下混凝土扩展基础的承载变形特性及混凝土裂缝发展规律。结果表明：①上拔和水平力组合荷载作用下,基础上拔荷载位移曲线呈现出两阶段特性,而水平位移曲线随水平力增加近似呈线性增加,水平荷载降低了扩展基础的抗拔承载性能;②上拔和水平力组合荷载作用下,基础主柱横截面部分受拉、部分承压,在基础立柱与底板连接处的拉应力最大,混凝土裂缝未贯穿全截面,而在上拔荷载作用下,混凝土扩展基础主柱全断面受拉,裂缝贯穿全断面。 相似文献
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为了研究含水率变化对成层状风化花岗岩边坡稳定性的影响,进行了一系列单调直剪试验.设置四种含水率(13％、17％、21％和25％)和三种干密度(ρd1、ρd2、ρd3),分析不同干密度下含水率对花岗岩残积土-全风化花岗岩界面剪切特性的影响.试验结果表明:在低含水率、高干密度和低竖向应力下,界面剪应力易发生剪切软化,反之,更易发生剪切硬化;含水率越高,最大剪胀量越小,且干密度越大,最大剪胀量受含水率变化的影响越小;含水率升高会大幅降低界面抗剪强度,且干密度越大、竖向应力越小,界面抗剪强度随含水率的变化率越大. 相似文献
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以某高层装配式钢结构建筑为研究对象,研究设计参数对其抗倒塌能力的影响,通过ABAQUS有限元软件,对装配式混凝土平面框架的低周反复加载试验进行模拟。结果表明,增大框架柱轴压比可提高结构承载力,在荷载峰值达到后会有较快的降低,显著降低了延性。在荷载低周反复作用下,结构延性、承载力、耗能等随着梁柱线刚度比的降低,抗震指标全部呈现增加趋势。随着梁柱线刚度比的增大,层间位移角沿楼层分布均匀性变得越来越差;由于受到荷载作用低周反复后,会大大增加混凝土的强度,并降低耗能和延性指标,同时结构承载力则略微增大。增大轴压比后,如果保持相同的地震动强度,则将会大大提高结构性能极限状态的可能性,而如果结构的轴压比较大,很可能会出现对地震响应性能水平产生破坏等问题。 相似文献
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为了更科学地评价地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡的抗震性能，基于热-动力理论控制方程，应用大型非线性有限元软件ABAQUS，建立带有黏弹性人工边界的地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡的数值模型，对比分析夏季和冬季这两个典型季节时的加速度响应、位移响应以及土钉轴力响应。结果表明：无论是夏季还是冬季，加速度峰值随着季节冻土边坡高程以及激振加速度峰值增加而增加，在夏季时刻的季节冻土边坡坡顶位置处达到最大。此外，在不同地震波峰值加速度作用下，相同位置处的位移响应峰值却有明显的不同，同一地震烈度地震波激震时，夏季的季节冻土边坡坡顶位移最大，表明地震荷载对夏季的季节冻土边坡坡顶破坏效应最为明显，土钉轴力具有高程放大效应和坡面放大效应，季节冻土边坡坡底至坡顶的土钉端部轴力峰值逐渐增大。文中数值模拟模型及结论可为制定地震荷载作用下土钉支护季节冻土边坡抗震设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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Land surface process is of great importance in global climate change, moisture and heat exchange in the interface of the earth and atmosphere, human impacts on the environment and eco- system, etc. Soil freeze/thaw plays an important role in cold land surface processes. In this work the diurnal freeze/thaw effects on energy partition in the context of GAME/Tibet are studied. A sophisti- cated land surface model is developed, the particular aspect of which is its physical consideration of soil freeze/thaw and vapor flux. The simultaneous water and heat transfer soil sub-model not only reflects the water flow from unfrozen zone to frozen fringe in freezing/thawing soil, but also demon- strates the change of moisture and temperature field induced by vapor flux from high temperature zone to low temperature zone, which makes the model applicable for various circumstances. The modified Picard numerical method is employed to help with the water balance and convergence of the numerical scheme. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the diurnal energy and water cycle char- acteristics over the Tibetan Plateau using the Game/Tibet datasets observed in May and July of 1998. Heat and energy transfer simulation shows that: (i) There exists a negative feedback mechanism between soil freeze/thaw and soil temperature/ground heat flux; (ii) during freezing period all three heat fluxes do not vary apparently, in spite of the fact that the negative soil temperature is higher than that not considering soil freeze; (iii) during thawing period, ground heat flux increases, and sensible heat flux decreases, but latent heat flux does not change much; and (iv) during freezing period, soil temperature decreases, though ground heat flux increases. 相似文献
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WU Yaping ZHU Yuanlin GUO Chunxiang SU Qiang & MA Wei . School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou China . State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
In the construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway,to avoid diseases caused by frost heave and thaw col-lapse of frozen ground,besides the normal bridges over the rivers,a lot of dry bridge structures have been built to replace subgrade in the regions of high tem-perature and high ice content frozen soil.So,the problems on forming mechanism of bearing capacity of pile foundation in cold regions already become one of hot spot problems in frozen soil engineering.Freezing force and frost heave force ar… 相似文献
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A set of perfect constitutive equations including the coupling effects of heat transfer and moisture migration is constructed for freezing soil, after analyzing its thermomechanic properties, in the framework of continuum mechanics and mixture theory. By applying the theory, the influence of void ratio on frost heaving is studied after proposing a criterion for formation of layered ice; the results obtained coincide with experimental data available in the literature. The temperature distribution of freezing soil is analyzed, the controlling equation deduced appears to be a nonlinear Burgers type equation with varying boundaries, which presents a theoretic foundation for studying the nonlinear effects of heat-moisture migration in the freezing process. 相似文献
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The seismic behavior of steel reinforced high strength and high performance concrete(SRHC)frame columns was investigated through pseudo-static experiments of 16 frame columns with various shear span ratios,axial compression ratios,concrete strengths,steel ratios and stirrup ratios.Three kinds of failure mechanisms are presented and the characteristics of experimental hysteretic curves and skeleton curves with different design parameters are discussed.The columns’ductility and energy dissipation were quantitatively evaluated based on seismic resistance.The research results indicate that SRHC frame columns can withstand extreme bearing capacity,but the abilities of ductility and energy dissipation are inferior because of SRHC’s natural brittleness.As a result,the axial load ratio should be restricted and some construction measures adopted,such as increasing the stirrup ratio.This research established effect factors on the bearing capacity of SPHC columns.Finally,an algorithm for obtaining ultimate bearing capacity using the flexural failure mode is established based on a modified planesection assumption.The authors also established equations to determine shearing baroclinic failure and shear bond failure based on the accumulation of the axial load force distribution ratio.The calculated results of shear bearing capacity for different failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
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Zaiyong Zhang Wenke Wang Chengcheng Gong Zhoufeng Wang Lei Duan Tian‐chyi Jim Yeh Peiyuan Yu 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1338-1348
In cold climates, the process of freezing–thawing significantly affects the ground surface heat balance and water balance. To better understand the mechanism of evaporation from seasonally frozen soils, we performed field experiments at different water table depths on vegetated and bare ground in a semiarid region in China. Soil moisture and temperature, air temperature, precipitation, and water table depths were measured over a 5‐month period (November 1, 2016, to March 14, 2017). The evaporation, which was calculated by a mass balance method, was high in the periods of thawing and low in the periods of freezing. Increased water table depth in the freezing period led to high soil moisture in the upper soil layer, whereas lower initial groundwater levels during freezing–thawing decreased the cumulative evaporation. The extent of evaporation from the bare ground was the same in summer as in winter. These results indicate that a noteworthy amount of evaporation from the bare ground is present during freezing–thawing. Finally, the roots of Salix psammophila could increase the soil temperature. This study presents an insight into the joint effects of soil moisture, temperature, ground vegetation, and water table depths on the evaporation from seasonally frozen soils. Furthermore, it also has important implications for water management in seasonally frozen areas. 相似文献
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青藏铁路重塑冻结粉质黏土动剪切模量试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过低温动三轴试验,研究青藏铁路中重塑冻结粉质黏土的动剪切模量的变化规律及其主要因素。研究表明,冻土的最大动剪切模量随负温降低而显著增大,动剪切模量比随轴向荷载单级振次增加而有所增大,随负温降低而降低,随围压增加趋于一致。负温是冻土动力性能的一个极其重要的影响因素,因而寒区工程应引起足够的重视。研究结果对于合理认识冻土动力性能具有一定意义,也为进一步开展多年冻土场地工程地震安全性评价积累部分基础资料。 相似文献
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The depth of soil freezing in river watersheds is a factor governing winter runoff formation. The freezing depth regulates the redistribution of stored soil moisture between thawed and frozen soil layers. The moisture stored in the thawed soil layer is spent for winter runoff, while that in the frozen zone forms snowmelt runoff. The depth of soil freezing has considerably decreased over the period of climate changes, resulting in an increase in winter runoff and greater losses of snowmelt runoff. 相似文献