共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Brendan C. O’Kelly 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):833-850
The geotechnical properties of municipal sewage sludge, in particular those pertinent to the handling and landfilling of the
material, are presented. Index, drying, compaction, shear strength and consolidation tests were conducted on the material
at different states of biodegradation. The organic content and specific gravity of solids were found to be inversely related,
with typical organic contents of 50–70% and specific gravity of solids values of 1.55–1.80. The density of the compacted material
was low in comparison with mineral soils. Standard Proctor compaction yielded a maximum dry density of 0.56 tonne/m3 at 85% water content. Laboratory vane-shear and triaxial compression tests indicated that, below about 180% water content,
the shear strength of the sludge material increased exponentially with reducing water content. Consolidated-undrained triaxial
compression tests on the pasteurised sludge material indicated an effective angle of shearing resistance of 32° for the moderately
degraded material and 37° for the strongly degraded material. Biogas was produced at rates of up to 0.33 L/day/kg slurry due
to ongoing biodegradation and the resulting pore pressure response must be taken into account in any stress analysis. Consolidation
tests using the hydraulic consolidation cell, oedometer and triaxial apparatus indicated that the sludge material was highly
compressible although practically impermeable, for example the coefficient of permeability for the moderately degraded slurry
was of the order of 10−9m/s. However, creep deformation was significant with typical coefficient of secondary compression values of 0.02–0.08 for
the compacted material. A more free-draining material was produced at higher states of biodegradation. 相似文献
2.
不同应力状态下软黏土蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土的蠕变性质受到许多因素的影响,在不同的应力条件下土会呈现出不同的性状。天津滨海吹填软土同样具有一般软土的蠕变特性,以其为研究对象,利用土体三轴流变试验机进行了三轴不固结不排水蠕变试验和单轴压缩蠕变试验,并选取了10个时间节点取样进行微型十字板剪切试验,研究抗剪强度变化规律。试验结果表明,单轴压缩蠕变和三轴蠕变历时曲线都具有非线性的特征,随应力水平的提高,单轴压缩蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应力轴靠拢,三轴蠕变的应力-应变等时曲线向应变轴靠拢;线性蠕变变形的情况下黏滞系数主要与时间有关,非线性的情况下与时间和应力水平都相关;在三轴蠕变状态下压缩模量随时间增长而减小,长期强度随时间先降低再趋于稳定;单轴压缩时压缩模量随时间增长而提高,长期强度随时间先增长后稳定。最后经过推导得出了不同应力状态下的长期强度随时间、偏应力的函数关系式。 相似文献
3.
饱水度对砂岩模量及强度影响的三轴试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究饱水度和围压对砂岩力学特性的影响,在不同围压和饱水度下开展三轴试验,获得了不同饱水度和围压下巴里坤砂岩的模量、峰值强度和残余强度,分析了饱水度和围压对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响规律,结果表明：（1）围压增加,砂岩的模量也增加,围压与模量之间近似为直线关系;饱水度增加,砂岩模量降低,单轴下饱和砂岩的模量降低50.9%;饱水度与砂岩模量之间近似服从直线或负指数函数关系。（2）饱水度增加,峰值强度下降;单轴条件下饱和砂岩的峰值强度下降了44.2%;饱水度与砂岩峰值强度之间近似服从自然对数关系。（3）强度退化指数可以较好地描述围压对残余强度的影响,巴里坤砂岩的强度退化指数与围压之间近似符合负指数关系;随着饱水度增加,砂岩的残余强度降低。（4）随着围压增加,饱水度对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响都减弱。（5）饱水度在60%以下时,饱水度变化对模量和峰值强度的影响显著,当饱水度超过60%后,模量和峰值强度仍随着饱水度增加而降低,但变化速率趋缓;对于残余强度,则饱水度在80%以下时影响显著。 相似文献
4.
深部盐岩蠕变特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对湖北云应的盐岩和泥岩,以及江苏金坛盐岩的单轴、三轴蠕变试验结果的分析,研究了包括应力、围压等外在条件以及内部组成结构对盐岩蠕变特性的影响。发现盐岩无论在何种围压下,稳态蠕变率都随偏应力的增加而显著地增大;围压起到限制变形的作用,而随着围压增高,围压对稳态蠕变率的影响越来越小;晶粒越大和杂质含量越多,盐岩的蠕变属性越弱。盐岩的蠕变变形是应变硬化和回复效应等内部变形机制共同作用的结果,选用内应力作为内变量可用来描述这种内部微观结构的演化过程。对云应盐岩的多级加载蠕变试验数据进行拟合,确定了非线性蠕变本构方程中的参数,理论与试验结果的比较表明,两者吻合性较好。 相似文献
5.
通过对珊瑚骨架灰岩在不同围压条件下的声发射监测试验,获取珊瑚骨架灰岩三轴压缩力学特性及其声发射（AE）基本特征。研究表明,珊瑚骨架灰岩强度特性符合Mohr-Coulomb强度准则。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的宏观破坏特征表现出较明显的围压效应,即单轴压缩表现为劈裂式张拉断裂面;随着围压的增大,由两级台阶式宏观断口逐渐过渡呈现为单斜面剪切带。珊瑚骨架灰岩在三轴压缩作用下的AE时序演化规律与其应力-应变曲线特征基本吻合,等效破坏时间所对应的累计振铃计数、累计能量计数与围压之间呈良好的对数函数关系。峰前累计振铃计数、累计能量计数在长期强度?cd之前表现出稳定的平缓现象,符合岩石的线弹性变形特征,并在约90%处呈现剧增现象,即为岩石内部微裂纹快速不稳定扩展的开始。珊瑚骨架灰岩在单轴压缩作用下的峰前能量演化规律与其应力?应变曲线特征基本吻合,峰前弹性能、峰前耗散能同样在约90%处出现转折现象。 相似文献
6.
Rock mechanical behaviors and deformation characteristics are associated with stress history and loading path. Unloading conditions occur during the formation of a salt cavity as a result of washing techniques. Such conditions require an improved understanding of the mechanical and deformation behaviors of rock salt. In our study, rock salt dilatancy behaviors under triaxial unloading confining pressure tests were analyzed and compared with those from conventional uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The volume deformation of rock salt under unloading was more than under triaxial loading, but less than under uniaxial loading (with the same deviatoric stress). Generally, under the same axial compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate decreased as the confining compression increased, and under the same confining compression, the corresponding dilatancy rate increased as the axial compression increased. The dilatancy boundary of the unloading confining pressure test began with unloading. This is different from the dilatancy of the uniaxial and triaxial compression tests. The accelerated dilatancy point boundary stress value was affected by confining and axial compressions. The specimens entered into a creep state after unloading. The associated creep rate depends on the deviatoric stress and confining compression values at the end of the unloading process. Based on unloading theory and the experimental data, we propose a constitutive model of rock salt damage. Our model reflects the dilatancy progression at constant axial stress and reduced lateral confinement. 相似文献
7.
Memory Effects in Rock Salt Under Triaxial Stress State and Their Use for Stress Measurement in a Rock Mass 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Y. L. Filimonov A. V. Lavrov Y. M. Shafarenko V. L. Shkuratnik 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2001,34(4):275-291
Summary
Regularities of memory effects in rock salt specimens under triaxial stress state were investigated. Each specimen was subjected
to two loading cycles. The first cycle was axisymmetric triaxial compression (σ1 >σ2=σ3). The second cycle was uniaxial compression in the direction of σ1 of the first cycle. Distinct acoustic emission (AE) and deformation memory effects were observed in the second cycle at the
stress value equal to a linear combination of the first cycle principal stresses given by σ1− (k + 1) σ3, where k is about 0.5–0.6 for rock salt. Anomalies in deformation curves were found to be more reliable than the AE methods in distinguishing
memory symptoms. The necessary pre-requisite for memory formation in the first cycle was that σ1 exceeded the elastic limit, corresponding to the given confining stress σ3. Inflections in uniaxial stress versus axial strain and lateral strain curves, in the second cycle, were observed at equal
stress values if in the first cycle σ1 exceeded the elastic limit and memory-forming damage was induced. If there was no memory-forming damage, those inflections
were seen at different stress values. This characteristic was used to distinguish between true memory effects and natural
characteristic points in deformation curves derived from rock salt testing. A new memory symptom was established, namely a
turn point in curve “uniaxial stress versus differential coefficient of lateral strains”. The results form a basis for application
of the memory effects for stress measurement in rock salt masses. 相似文献
8.
某地红砂岩多轴受力状态蠕变松弛特性试验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
与岩石单轴蠕变松弛试验研究相比,多轴的研究结果很少,这一现状的结果是岩石的三维蠕变松弛模型基本是其单轴模型的简单推广,缺乏试验资料的佐证。为了积累宝贵数据,推动岩石多轴蠕变松施模型的发展,利用广东某地的红砂岩开展了以下试验研究：(1) 不同围压下岩石的蠕变松弛特性;(2) 二向受力状态下岩石的蠕变松弛特性;(3) 多轴受力时,饱水和风干状态下岩石蠕变松弛特性的对比。总结、分析试验结果,获取了该种红砂岩多轴蠕变松弛特性的一些基本规律或现象,如：轴压相同时,侧压越高,蠕变量越小;当围压相同、时间相同时,应力 越高,则 的松弛量也越大。这些结果对于岩石力学的基础研究及现场施工设计均具有较大意义。 相似文献
9.
软弱破碎围岩隧道炭质页岩蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采集贵广铁路天平山隧道典型软弱破碎围岩岩样,在室内开展三轴常规压缩和三轴压缩蠕变试验。基于岩石试验成果,分析炭质页岩的蠕变力学特性,低应力水平条件下岩石仅出现减速蠕变和等速蠕变阶段,在更高的应力水平条件下,岩石并未出现加速蠕变的现象,但围压在一定程度上提高岩石的屈服强度,弹性模量亦有随着围压增加而增大的趋势。据此,建立依托工程炭质页岩蠕变全过程的黏弹塑性应变软化蠕变力学模型,推导该蠕变力学模型在三维应力状态下的本构方程,并确定模型的参数,运用最小二乘法对模型的参数进行辨识。通过与试验曲线对比显示,所建蠕变模型能够描述依托工程炭质页岩的蠕变力学特征,可以用来研究该隧道软弱破碎围岩的蠕变性质和稳定性。 相似文献
10.
特殊的地理、气候条件及工程地质的复杂性决定了在北疆地区软岩地层中修建引水隧洞的设计施工难度较大。隧洞成拱效应与围岩自稳能力差,围岩渗透性强,遇水软化特性显著,极易产生软岩大变形甚至坍塌失稳灾害。为进一步研究北疆地区侏罗系与白垩系泥质砂岩的物理力学性质、遇水软化特性与能量损伤演化机制,开展了二者的单轴压缩、常规三轴与单轴蠕变试验。研究结果表明：两种岩石均富含黏土矿物,白垩系泥质砂岩的粒径分配更好,但其胶结程度较差,导致其强度稳定性与地层波速相对较低。低围压条件下,两者均以环向变形与体积扩容为主,但随着围压升高,其破坏模式由体积扩张过渡到体积压缩类型。高围压加载会造成岩石内部损伤,从而导致其抗压强度的降低。遇水后,两种岩石的延塑性与应变软化特性均明显增强,白垩系泥质砂岩的遇水软化特性更为显著。白垩系泥质砂岩的蠕变特性更为显著,两者的长期强度接近其单轴压缩损伤应力值。两种泥质砂岩的能量损伤演化过程均呈现S型变化规律,侏罗系泥质砂岩的能量硬化特性更为显著,白垩系泥质砂岩会更早地进入到能量硬化与能量软化阶段。 相似文献
11.
高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为综合考察温度、围压对花岗岩力学性质及破坏方式的影响,在高温（25℃～1 000 ℃）作用后,利用MTS815.02电液伺服材料试验系统对花岗岩岩样进行不同围压作用下的三轴压缩试验。研究结果表明,（1）围压一定时,经历不同高温作用后花岗岩三轴压缩全应力-应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏、塑性流动5个阶段;（2）经历不同高温作用后岩样三轴抗压强度与围压呈非线性二次多项式增长关系,围压为40 MPa时的抗压强度比单轴抗压强度提高了382.30%;常规三轴压缩条件下,400 ℃是花岗岩力学参数的阀值温度;（3）经历高温作用后,岩样弹性模量随围压升高呈增大趋势,围压为40 MPa时的弹性模量比单轴时提高了90.26%;随温度升高呈二次非线性减小,1 000 ℃时的弹性模量比25℃时降低了57.16%;（4）花岗岩的失稳型式同时取决于围压和温度。单轴压缩状态下,随着温度的升高,岩样变形破坏型式由脆性破裂向塑性变形过渡,失稳型式在低温时为突发失稳、中高温为准突发失稳,温度高于800 ℃为渐进破坏;三轴压缩状态下,随着围压的增大,岩样破裂型式由脆性张拉破裂逐渐向剪切破裂过渡,岩样的失稳型式以突发失稳为主。在试验温压范围内,影响花岗岩力学性质的首要因素是温度,其次是围压。 相似文献
12.
通过对西安地区不同湿度原状Q2黄土的单轴蠕变试验和三轴蠕变试验,得到了Q2黄土的单轴、三轴蠕变曲线和应力-应变等时曲线。试验曲线分析表明,Q2黄土具有明显的非线性流变特性。Q2黄土的粘弹性特性可采用五元件广义的Kelvin模型来描述,其线性粘塑性特性可用与一滑块并联的Maxwell模型来描述,而非线性粘塑性特性可通过损伤与塑性应变的耦合作用来反映。在考虑损伤门槛值的统计损伤及黄土粘弹塑性组合模型的基础上,应用应变等效原理,建立了考虑瞬时损伤的统计损伤流变模型,并通过拟牛顿法确定了相应的模型参数。该模型能够很好地模拟黄土流变非线性特征,该模型不仅参数较少,而且适用性较广。 相似文献
13.
冻土的蠕变及蠕变强度 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：10
基于试验，本本讨论分析了冻土三轴蠕变规律及温度和围压对冻土蠕变强度的影响，给出了土蠕变及蠕变强度随时间降低的方程式，进而提出了冻土蠕变强度的物型屈服准则。通过改变参数可将冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的瞬时强度准则与冻土的蠕变强度准则统一为同一个方程描述。 相似文献
14.
15.
The Mechanical Behaviour of a Pyroclastic Rock: Yield Strength and “Destructuration” Effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary
A research programme on the mechanical behaviour of a homogenous volcanic tuff found in the centre of the city of Naples (Italy)
was carried out at the University of Naples a few years ago. Isotropic and drained triaxial tests were performed in a very
wide range of confining pressures (up to 60 MPa). After presenting the stress-strain curve pattern and the mean stress influence
on the shear behaviour, the paper focuses on the definition of a strength criterion and of the yield surface for this material.
Some tuff samples were subjected to isotropic compression tests up to a confining pressure approximately twice as high as
the isotropic yield stress; they were subsequently unloaded and subjected to drained triaxial tests. Partial loosening of
the interparticle bonds (“destructuration”) was observed. The paper also compares the mechanical behaviour of intact and “destructured”
samples, emphasising the effects of the structure on strength and yield. 相似文献
16.
Considerations on strength of intact sedimentary rocks 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
This study presents the results of laboratory testing of sedimentary rocks under point loading as well as in uniaxial and triaxial compression. From the statistical analysis of the data, different conversion factors relating uniaxial compressive and point loading strength were determined for soft to strong rocks. Additionally, the material constant mi, an input parameter for the Hoek and Brown failure criterion, was also estimated for different limestone samples by analysing the results from a series of triaxial compression tests under different confining pressures. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rocks, as estimated from the point load index using conversion factors, together with the Hoek–Brown constant mi, and the Geological Strength Index (GSI) constitute the parameters for the calculation of the strength and deformability of rock masses. 相似文献
17.
An Empirical Correlation of Index Geomechanical Parameters with the Compressional Wave Velocity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The geomechanical strength of rockmass plays a key role in planning and design of mining and civil construction projects.
Determination of geomechanical properties in the field as well as laboratory is time consuming, tedious and a costly affair.
In this study, density, slake durability index, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and P-wave velocity tests were conducted
on four igneous, six sedimentary and three metamorphic rock varieties. These properties are crucial and used extensively in
geotechnical engineering to understand the stability of the structures. The main aim of this study is to determine the various
mechanical properties of 13 different rock types in the laboratory and establish a possible and acceptable correlation with
P-wave velocity which can be determined in the field as well as laboratory with ease and accuracy. Empirical equations were
developed to calculate the density, slake durability index and UCS from P-wave velocities. Strong correlations among P-wave
velocity with the physical properties of different rock were established. The relations mainly follow a linear trend. Student’s
‘t’ test and ‘F’ test were performed to ensure proper analysis and validation of the proposed correlations. These correlations can save time
and reduce cost during design and planning process as they represent a reliable engineering tool. 相似文献
18.
引红(红岩河)济石(石头河)引水隧洞围岩断层带破碎松软,岩石强度低,自稳能力差,易产生大变形。以上不良地质条件使其隧洞施工过程中经常会遇到TBM卡机等一系列特殊问题。针对引红济石引水隧洞施工中存在的软岩隧洞大变形问题,首先开展了X射线衍射、崩解试验,分析了试样的组成成分、黏土矿物含量对崩解性影响;再通过一系列单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验和蠕变试验研究了该类岩石不同应力条件下的变形破坏特征及蠕变特性。试验结果表明,该类岩石含有大量的黏土矿物(33.49%),对水比较敏感,遇水膨胀易崩解,导致岩体软化;试样具有较大塑性压缩变形,其应力-应变曲线为应变强化型,且没有明显的峰值。基于试验研究成果和现场监测数据,对该软岩隧洞大变形机制进行了分析,并提出了在围岩与管片之间安装聚氨酯缓冲层的新型支护方案,通过数值计算对支护方案的合理性进行了验证。分析结果表明:聚氨酯缓冲层可以很好地吸收围岩形变压力,避免应力集中带来的管片错台,从而大大减小管片上破坏区的产生。研究成果对该类岩体中隧洞的设计施工以及长期稳定性分析具有重要的参考作用。 相似文献
19.
石膏角砾岩蠕变特性试验研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对石膏角砾岩进行了单轴、三轴蠕变试验,获得了不同围压下的蠕变曲线。对其蠕变特性进行了综合分析,结果表明,其蠕变具有非线性及加速蠕变特性,而且不同围压对蠕变的影响很大。根据试验结果,按遗传蠕变理论建立了石膏角砾岩的非线性蠕变方程,该方程能描述石膏角砾岩的非线性及加速蠕变特性,通过回归分析,确定了蠕变参数数值。 相似文献
20.
川藏铁路在穿越西藏贡觉地区时遇到三叠系粉砂质泥岩,在高地应力条件下容易发生大变形等危害。文章开展了不同围压下的岩石三轴压缩和和三轴蠕变试验,结合PFC数值模拟,研究了粉砂质泥岩在不同围压下的蠕变特性和长期强度研究,结果表明:贡觉粉砂质泥岩流变具有西原蠕变模型特征,蠕变与常规三轴试验条件下,随着围压不断增大,粉砂质泥岩试样均由拉-剪破坏向单剪破坏过渡,剪切破裂面与水平线的夹角逐渐减小,微裂纹数量减少;蠕变试验相较于常规三轴试验,由拉应力引起的压碎带影响范围更广;在高围压条件下,粉砂质泥岩更容易发生流变,随着围压的增大,轴向应变、侧向应变和体积应变均增大,微裂纹数量呈下降趋势;瞬时弹性模量及黏弹性系数与围压呈线性递增关系,黏弹性模量与围压呈对数型增长关系,黏塑性系数与围压呈指数型增长关系。在荷载长期作用下,岩石长期强度低于瞬时强度。 相似文献