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1.
青藏高原冻土区是我国最重要的湿地分布区之一,其碳循环系统在陆地生态环境中具有重要的作用。为了系统地研究青藏高原冻土区湿地甲烷排放特征,采用静态箱采气法,通过对近地表游离气甲烷碳同位素含量进行现场测定;结合吸附气烃类气相色谱分析,利用已有的天然气气源判别图解,对研究区甲烷气源成因进行判别。结果显示,在青藏高原冻土区木里地区,土壤甲烷排放在春季最高,以生物成因为主,夏季为混合成因,秋季较低,且以热成因为主,生物作用是影响该区甲烷排放的主要因素,同时地下天然气水合物中的气体逸散作用也在一定程度上影响了研究区地表甲烷浓度。 相似文献
2.
地质甲烷对大气甲烷源与汇的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地质甲烷是除湿地外最大的一类自然源,主要包括微渗漏、泥火山、海底渗漏、火山地热区和温泉等,这些地质源每年向大气释放约42～64 Mt甲烷气体,在整个大气甲烷收支平衡中具有重要意义.IPCC第四次报告(2007年)以前由于相关调查研究的欠缺,甚至基本数据的匮乏(包括未发现的源)以及甲烷地质成因的复杂性,对地质甲烷等烃类气体向大气的排放通量估算严重偏低.最近几年,国外相关研究者进行了一定规模的系统调查和科学研究,补充完善了有效数据库,改变了估计偏低的现状,并且使IPCC将地质来源的甲烷单独列项.相对来讲,我国在这一领域的研究还刚刚起步,与国际水平相差甚远,包括泥火山等地质甲烷释放通量的原位测量和科学研究仍属空白.因此,适时总结国内外相关研究的现状和发展趋势,将有利于为开展中国地质源甲烷的研究提供有益的参考. 相似文献
3.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2004,23(18-19):1989-2005
Interstadials during the last glacial show a rapid rise of the atmospheric methane concentration at the onset of climatic warming. This is explained by reaction of (northern) wetlands to climate change, or by catastrophic release of methane from sea floor methane clathrates. The wetland hypothesis usually assumes expansion of wetlands, which is a slow process and difficult to reconcile with the rapid rise of the atmospheric methane concentration. Here it is demonstrated by modeling that wetland methane fluxes may have reacted rapidly on climatic warming by its direct effect on methane production, without the assumption of wetland expansion. A bottom-up modeling of methane fluxes in northern Europe during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 is presented. This study combines paleodata on wetland ecology, climate model output, a process-based methane flux model, and GIS-based modeling of wetland areal distribution. The resulting methane flux during interstadials is twice as high as during stadials. This is attributed to higher bacterial metabolic rates, a longer frost-free period, and a higher ecosystem primary production providing more substrate for methanogenesis. 相似文献
4.
甲烷和固态硫酸钙的热化学还原反应模拟实验初步研究 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
碳酸盐岩地层中常伴有硫酸盐岩的沉积，在一定的温度和压力条件下，干酪根热降解生成的气态烃与硫酸盐岩接触后发生热化学还原反应(简称为TSR反应)，使气态烃消失，这可能是造成生气死亡线的主要原因之一。本文对CH4-CaSO4热化学还原反应的热力学问题进行了探讨，发现该反应能够自发进行，而且升高温度对反应有利。利用高温高压模拟装置对CH4-CaSO4反应体系进行了初步的模拟实验研究，通过微库仑、气相色谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对实验结果进行了进一步验证。结果表明，甲烷和固态硫酸钙能够发生热化学还原反应，生成硫化氢、碳酸钙和水。最后，将CH4-CaSO4反应体系同国内外的研究工作进行了对比，认为本实验研究能够更好地补充和完善TSR反应体系，解释地质条件下工业气藏的死亡线问题。 相似文献
5.
天然气运移的气体同位素地球化学示踪 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本文通过鄂尔多斯等含油气盆地内岩石酸解烃、罐顶气和同源多产层天然气碳同位素组成的变化，从实例剖析出发，探讨了天然气运移时气体同位素组成的变化及其对天然气运移的示踪。天然气在通过沉积地层中孔隙系统和微裂隙运移时，天然气中的甲烷碳同位素会发生一定的分馏，而乙烷以上重烃碳同位素几乎不发生分馏；在天然气层所在深度，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素组成与天然气一致，在天然气层附近，罐顶气甲烷碳同位素则明显偏离了热演化趋势线；烃源岩酸解烃与其同源的天然气重烃碳同位素组成具有较好的一致性和可比性。由此，可利用气体组分碳同位素的上述变化特征，追索天然气的运移作用。 相似文献
6.
Hai-tao Sun Xu-sheng Zhao Ri-hu Li Hong-wei Jin Dongling Sun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):336
Windblown methane is an important gas resulting in atmospheric greenhouse effect. Therefore, reduction in windblown methane is one of the important measures to mitigate atmospheric greenhouse effect. In China, weak coal seam of low permeability is common in coal mines, so it is beset with difficulties to decrease the methane emission rate by means of gas drainage from the virgin coal seam, further to decrease the windblown mine gas. Utilizing the pressure relief and permeability and fluidity improvement effect in coal mining an approach to release methane emission through surface borehole was established, for example establishing a comprehensive deformation fracture model of surface borehole in extraction area based on quantitative rule of overlying rock movement in pit and forming a technology to select the surface borehole arrangement site in extraction area on the basis of deformation of bore frame structure and distribution characteristics of extraction flow field. And optimization technology of shape and structure of surface borehole in extraction area on the basis of ultimate stress analysis of surface borehole casing was given. The technology overcomes effectively the problem that surface borehole casing is vulnerable to premature fracture due to impact of strata movement on the surface borehole, and further increases the drainage result of the surface borehole. The technology has been test in China Shanxi Jincheng Sihe Coal Mine, achieving good results, including 12,000 Nm3/d pure methane drainage rate from single borehole, 85% methane concentration and 1.1 million Nm3 accumulative methane drainage, which demonstrate practicability and advanced performance of the technology. 相似文献
7.
本文重点对我国干旱-半干旱区油气异常区和非油气区地表土壤甲烷的碳同位素组成进行了分析;据此,对土壤、重烃及甲烷的碳同位素地球化学特征进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
低煤阶煤层气地球化学特征及成因判识是勘探选区重要基础。通过解剖煤层气井气、水组成及其碳、氢同位素特
征,探讨了二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层气成因。结果表明：煤层气组分中甲烷占93.41%,重烃及二氧化碳含量低,为典
型干气;甲烷碳同位素(δ13C)值介于-62.5‰~-60.1‰之间、氢同位素(δD)值介于-275.1‰~-270.2‰之间、二氧化碳碳的同位
素(δ13C)值介于5.1‰~6.2‰之间,反映其为生物成因气。煤层水来源于大气降水,呈弱碱性、较低矿化度。煤层气井气、水
氢同位素特征表明研究区97%左右生物成因气形成于二氧化碳还原机制。生物气藏是吉尔嘎朗图凹陷重要煤层气勘探方
向,适宜地下水环境是勘探选区关键因素。 相似文献
9.
海洋中溶存甲烷研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
CH4是大气中的重要微量气体，对全球变暖和大气化学有重要作用。海洋是大气甲烷的重要源和汇。开展海洋中溶存甲烷的研究，有助于了解海洋对大气甲烷和全球变化的贡献。综述了海洋中溶存甲烷的研究现状，着重介绍了海洋中溶存甲烷的分布特征、海气交换通量的估算及其生物地球化学循环，并探讨了该领域研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
10.
建立了高演化天然气在线富集-气相色谱分析方法,将干燥系数大于0.95的高演化天然气流经自行研制的富集反吹装置,痕量轻烃组分在富集管中冷冻液化并富集,对未液化的组分进行反吹,通过加热富集管使已液化的轻烃组分气化并进入色谱仪进行检测.分析结果表明,化合物的分析范围明显扩大,甲烷溶剂效应降低,达到对C10之前轻烃指纹进行分析的目的;对普光7井天然气样品进行3次重复性实验,所得甲基环己烷指数、正庚烷值、异庚烷值、Mango K1指数的实测最大重复性(r值)为0.22、0.23、0.02、0.00,分别小于国家标准要求的0.82、0.75、0.11、0.04,方法稳定可靠.通过本方法得到的轻烃参数可有效地应用于天然气成因类型、热演化程度探讨中. 相似文献
11.
Abiogenic Origin of Hydrocarbons: An Historical Overview 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geoffrey P. Glasby 《Resource Geology》2006,56(1):83-96
Abstract. The two theories of abiogenic formation of hydrocarbons, the Russian-Ukrainian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins and Thomas Gold's deep gas theory, have been considered in some detail. Whilst the Russian-Ukrainian theory was portrayed as being scientifically rigorous in contrast to the biogenic theory which was thought to be littered with invalid assumptions, this applies only to the formation of the higher hydrocarbons from methane in the upper mantle. In most other aspects, in particular the influence of the oxidation state of the mantle on the abundance of methane, this rigour is lacking especially when judged against modern criteria as opposed to the level of understanding in the 1950s to 1980s when this theory was at its peak. Thomas Gold's theory involves degassing of methane from the mantle and the formation of higher hydrocarbons from methane in the upper layers of the Earth's crust. However, formation of higher hydrocarbons in the upper layers of the Earth's crust occurs only as a result of Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions in the presence of hydrogen gas but is otherwise not possible on thermodynamic grounds. This theory is therefore invalid. Both theories have been overtaken by the increasingly sophisticated understanding of the modes of formation of hydrocarbon deposits in nature. 相似文献
12.
This work discussed the origins, alteration and accumulation processes of the oil and gas in the Kekeya gas condensate field based on molecular compositions, stable carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbons, diamondoid hydrocarbons and biomarker fingerprints. A comparison study is also made between the geochemical characteristics of the Kekeya hydrocarbons and typical marine and terrigenous hydrocarbons of the Tarim Basin. Natural gas from the Kekeya gas condensate field is derived from Middle–Lower Jurassic coal measures while the condensates are derived from Carboniferous–Permian marine source rocks with a higher maturity. In the study area, both natural gas and condensates have experienced severe water washing. A large amount of methane was dissolved into the water, resulting in a decrease in the dryness coefficient. Water washing also makes the carbon isotopic compositions of the natural gas more negative and partially reverse. Considering that the gas maturities are higher than once expected, gas generation intensity in the study area should be much stronger and the gas related to the Jurassic coal measures could promise a greater prospecting potential. As a result of evaporative fractionation, the Kekeya condensates are enriched in saturates and lack aromatics. Evaporative fractionation disguises the original terrigenous characteristics of the light hydrocarbons associated with the natural gas, making it appear marinesourced. Thus, alteration processes should be fully taken into consideration when gas–source correlations are carried out based on light hydrocarbons. With the condensates discovered in the study area all being "migration phase", the pre-salt Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs may promise great exploration potential for the "residual phase" hydrocarbons. This research not only is of significance for oil and gas exploration in the southwest Tarim Basin, but also sheds light on the oil/gas-source correlations in general. 相似文献
13.
通过有压力的黄金管封闭体系生烃模拟实验和GC-IRMS测定,结合GOR-Isotope Kinetics专用软件,求取了塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠系-侏罗系烃源岩生成甲烷的碳同位素动力学参数。结合地质背景,探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。克拉2气田天然气主要来源于早中侏罗世煤系烃源岩,属阶段捕获气,为-5Ma以来的天然气聚集,对应成熟度范围Ro为1．3％-2．5％。在此基础上,建立了克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏动力学模式,从而为天然气定量评价和动态研究提供了新思路。 相似文献
14.
Natural gas hydrate contains a specific amount of heavy hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, etc., aside from the primary guest gas of methane. Although the coexistence of two or even three hydrate structures has been discovered at several hydrate sites, the requisite formation mechanism is still not well understood. In-situ observation of the formation process of mixed methane-propane hydrate in a confined space was conducted using confocal Raman imaging microscopy. The Raman imaging results reveal that sI methane hydrate and sII mixed methane-propane hydrate are formed and coexist in the reaction system. In the confined space, the sI hydrate originates from the dissolved gas in water, while the sII hydrate is formed from free gas. The results obtained can help explain the coexistence of sI and sII hydrates found in natural hydrate samples, as well as providing insights into a possible dynamic scenario of hydrate reservoirs in geological history. 相似文献
15.
大气甲烷浓度变化的源汇因素模拟研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从甲烷大气化学过程、传输模式和反向模拟机理等方面综述了大气甲烷浓度变化及其源汇研究的主要进展及存在的问题。基于数据同化算法的反向模拟能有效降低全球及国家尺度甲烷排放估计的不确定性。但在具体的算法实施中,先验的甲烷排放估计和地面站大气甲烷浓度测定的不确定性量化仍然主要是经验性的,缺乏严格和系统性的量化算法。相对于有限的地面站测定,基于卫星平台的大气甲烷浓度变化监测数据极大地提高了数据的空间覆盖度,进一步促进了反向模拟的应用。当前的反向模拟研究在全球尺度上确认了自然湿地甲烷排放对大气甲烷浓度年际波动的决定性作用;在国家尺度上,反向模拟在国家温室气体清单的"可核查"方面也有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
从水井岩大型滑坡表面高温降解喷出物特征到汶川地震天然气体溢出爆炸模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川大地震中XI级烈度区内水井岩滑坡现场等地爆炸声、特大型滑坡现场巨大环形坑和远距离抛射碎石等记录和现象,需给出科学解释。在地震发生后多次现场地质调查和走访、样品采集和多项分析测试及其结果比较等基础上,对主中央断裂F2控制的下盘陈家坝水井岩大型滑坡体上环形坑周边不同距离范围内散落烧焦残留的硅酸盐和碳酸岩等采样后,开展了物质成分和微观结构分析。结果发现：与原生溶蚀灰岩、薄层煤岩结构和有机质成分不同,这些抛散在滑体表面的样品中富含经强烈高温作用的块石,一些成分以锰碳酸盐岩等为主的暗棕色样品中稠环芳烃是其经历过强烈热作用过程而使有机质发生环化芳构化反应的结果,即样品经过了强烈热降解作用,显示其形成时出现强烈热作用过程和高温裂解现象。结合本区地质构造特征和煤层气分布情况、地震后实施的汶川地震带深钻在穿越主中央断裂带F2深度处监测到余震过程中甲烷含量异常增高、东河口地震遗址公园发现温泉及天然气溢出等资料和研究结果,讨论了地震诱发的富含甲烷的天然气爆炸,其加剧或伴生着地震次生地质灾害。由此推测：与碳质岩或煤系共存的喀斯特溶洞中封闭煤层气在地震过程中突溢和爆炸燃烧,叠加或放大了地震作用,结果在滑坡堆积体表面残留了多处环形爆炸坑,引发了一些岩块大规模长距离水平抛撒等。研究结果对监测和认识发震断层带在地震过程中天然气爆炸诱发和加剧滑坡灾害有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
晋城煤层气藏成藏机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过晋城煤层气的规模开发、压裂煤层气井的解剖、井下煤层瓦斯抽放、构造地应力场研究、煤储层大裂隙系统“CT”式解剖与煤层气封闭保存条件研究, 发现3#煤储层内部存在大量煤层气包, 构造微破裂作用促使煤层气包之间广泛合并联通, 煤层气包内部储层的非均质性弱化, 渗透率增加, 煤层气包内部的游离气体比例增加, 流体压力系统边界逐渐清晰并形成煤层气藏. 揭示煤层气藏的成藏机制, 认识煤层气藏的内部细节特征, 促进了该区的煤层气开发技术进步, 提高了井下煤层瓦斯的抽放效率. 相似文献
18.
19.
甲烷及其同系物δ13C值反序排列特征的数值模拟与非生物成因天然气藏探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用数值模拟的方法对天然气中甲烷及其同系物的δ13C排序特征进行了研究,结果表明:两种具正序分布特征的生物成因天然气混合后可产生具反序分布特征的天然气.相应地,两种具反序分布特征的非生物成因天然气混合后也可产生具正序分布特征的天然气.对于前者而言,作为混合的两个端元天然气,它们必须具有不同的成因或来源,或它们是明显不同的演化阶段的产物.关于松辽盆地昌德气藏若干口天然气井甲、乙、丙、丁烷碳同位素排序特征的讨论表明,用两种生物成因天然气混合的观点很难解释这种反序排列. 相似文献
20.
酸解烃是油气化探方法中准确度相对较高的一项指标,已得到广泛的应用,深入研究酸解气有助于对其机理的进一步解释,并且有利于开发新的分析指标。本文利用气相色谱法测定了油气化探样品经盐酸分解后所得气体中烃类组分与非烃气体组分的含量,发现了酸解气中甲烷与氢气的含量具有正相关性。进而通过X射线荧光光谱和X射线衍射分析样品的元素和矿物组成、样品再粉碎分析以及激光拉曼光谱分析包裹体成分等实验,获得以下结论:(1)酸解气中的甲烷和氢气含量与样品元素组成无关,与碳酸盐矿物正相关,其含量可以反映深部油气的情况;(2)两种气体并不是以物理吸附形式存在于样品中,而是存在于更小的空间内,证明了酸解烃分析方法具有相当高的稳定性;(3)获得了甲烷和氢气同时存在于包裹体的直接证据,由此推测这两种气体可能具有同源性。由于甲烷和氢气含量相关性的存在,酸解脱气中氢气的含量测定有望成为油气化探的新指标,应用于油气资源调查。 相似文献