共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
基于熵权-TOPSIS的山区乡镇通达性研究——以重庆市石柱县为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
交通是支撑区域经济社会发展的基础之一,通达性则是反映交通设施水平的有效评价指标。本文以重庆市石柱县为例,选取空间数据和调研数据,引入熵权-TOPSIS模型构建集内外通达性和摩擦阻抗于一体的指标体系,客观分析山区乡镇的通达性,以期为交通合理规划提供参考。结果表明：①通达性指标对区域综合通达性影响程度为：交通设施技术(C4)>摩擦阻抗(C5)>等效道路密度(C2)>乡镇内部连通度(C1)>与省干道衔接度(C3)。②贴近度变异系数达0.5410,说明样区交通通达性水平空间差异大。③通达性空间格局表现出以南宾、西沱、悦崃为极核点向外围扩散递减趋势;通达性空间分布表现为西高东低,高通达区主要分布在平缓区,低通达区主要分布在陡峭山区。④通达性良好区域呈“一环一轴”模式分布,呈显著主干道指向性。⑤样区乡镇通达性空间分布格局与经济发展水平和土地流转面积有较高趋同性。研究结果能为区域协调发展、交通合理规划提供良好的理论与实践指导。 相似文献
2.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in the US. Rates of mortality vary spatially and demographically, influenced not only by individual patient characteristics but also by levels of accessibility to hospital services and facilities. In 2000, Kentucky ranked third in the nation for heart-related deaths. The purpose of this paper is to assess geographical accessibility and service utilization related to ambulatory care sensitive CVDs in Kentucky. This study utilizes the Kentucky Hospital Discharge Database to evaluate service utilization and the Compressed Mortality File to examine mortality related to CVDs. A spatial statistical comparison of the geographical distribution of service usage and travel time to hospitals assists in assessing the relationship between accessibility and health. Our findings suggest that the distribution of utilization and mortality is geographically variable. People living in rural areas travel further to services; populations residing more than 45 min from health facilities are more likely to be socially and economically marginalized. Spatial clustering of high rates of hospital utilization occurs in areas with lower accessibility. 相似文献
3.
公共医疗设施配置合理与否影响城乡居民健康和福祉,科学客观测算乡村地区公共医疗设施公平可达性具有重要意义。乡村地区人口规模较小且分散居住,居民就医行为有别于城市居民,2SFCA或3SFCA方法难以客观揭示乡村地区人口分布规律和就医出行特征,导致评估乡村地区医疗设施可达性时效果不佳。论文根据海口市乡村居民就医出行规律选择距离衰减函数,格网化研究区形成人口需求点,考虑不同等级医疗机构对居民就医的吸引,改进了3SFCA算法,建立乡村地区公共医疗设施可达性与空间公平性评估方法体系,并以海口市为案例进行实证分析。结果表明：① 基于改进3SFCA法建立的可达性评价模型可以获得更精准客观的评价结果;② 海口市乡村地区公共医疗设施可达性整体较差且空间分异明显,高值区分布在东部的三江、云龙及甲子镇,低值区主要集中在研究区西部;③ 海口市乡村地区公共医疗设施配置的公平性不佳,少量的高和较高公平等级区域均位于中低人口密度区,而低和极低公平等级区域覆盖了广大的高人口密度区,医疗资源配置的公平性亟需改善。 相似文献
4.
安徽省公路网络可达性空间格局及其演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1996、2004、2010 年为时间断面, 加权平均旅行时间为指标, 探讨安徽省公路网络中节点城镇可达性空间格局及其演化规律。结果表明:1996-2010 年, 安徽省公路网络可达性总体空间格局变动不大, 其值大体以合肥地区为中心向外围呈不规则环状递增, 且空间分布具有一定的交通干道指向性。公路网络完善极大地提高了区域内节点城镇可达性, 其中第一阶段(1996-2004 年)可达性值提升较第二阶段(2004-2010 年)更为显著;可达性变化幅度与初值有关, 第一阶段可达性值变化率空间格局由“徐合高速-合芜宣高速”沿线地区和沿江地区组成的“T型”区域向周围递减, 第二阶段呈现出沿新建高速公路地区向四周递减的多极空间格局;不同地区可达性受益迥异, 江南地区可达性受益最为显著, 其次是淮北、江淮地区;随着路网的不断完善, 可达性水平由中心向外围呈圈层式优化, 可达性等值线趋于均匀、平滑, 中心城市可达性差异逐渐缩小, 可达性分布趋于均衡。 相似文献
5.
Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility. This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects: quality, quantity, and advantage, measured by density, proximity, and accessibility indices. County is the basic unit for analysis. The results reveal: (1) Transport dominance statistically follows a partial normal distribution. A very few counties, 1.4% of the total, have extremely high transport dominance which strongly supports the socio-economic development in these areas. In contrast, one eighth of all counties have poor transport dominance which impedes local socio-economic development to some extent. The remaining areas, about 70% of the counties, have median transport dominance. (2) Transport dominance is spatially unevenly distributed, with values decreasing gradually from the coastal area to the inland area. Areas in the first-highest level of transport dominance are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Greater Beijing area, and the Pearl River Delta. Areas in the second-highest level are focused in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan metropolitan areas. Provincial capitals and a few other counties belong to the third-highest level. 相似文献
6.
Itzhak Benenson Eran Ben-Elia Yodan Rofé Dmitry Geyzersky 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(2):213-236
Accessibility is an important consideration in sustainable mobility policies, particularly for transit users. Measures suggested in the literature are based on coarse aggregate spatial resolution of traffic analysis zones that is sufficient for managing car travels only. To reflect a human door-to-door travel, transit accessibility demands an explicit view of the location of origin, transit stops and destination, as well as of the temporal fit between transit lines timetable and traveler’s needs. We thus estimate transit accessibility based on mode-specific travel times and corresponding paths, including walking and waiting, at the resolution of individual buildings and stops. Car accessibility is estimated at a high resolution too. A novel representation of transit network as a graph is proposed. This representation includes all modal components of a transit travel – walking, waiting at a stop, transit ride, transfers between lines, thus enabling unified view of a travel, regardless of mode. The use of modern high-performance graph database allows construction of high-resolution accessibility maps for an entire metropolitan area with its 100–200 K buildings. The application is tested and applied in a case study involving the evaluation of the 2011 bus line reform in the city of Tel Aviv. Specifically, we demonstrate that while the reform increased the average accessibility for the entire city the increase was not uniform with different areas of the city experiencing different absolute accessibility by transit and relative accessibility in comparison to car travel. The bus reform did in fact benefit travelers that experienced low relative accessibility, but the benefits are mainly accruing to longer trips. Our approach and computational methods can be employed for directly investigating the impacts of transportation infrastructure investments. 相似文献
7.
8.
基于休闲旅游资源POI数据,采用最邻近指数、核密度及栅格分析等方法,探讨广州市不同类型休闲旅游资源的空间特征及其可达性空间格局,并解析可达性空间格局的形成机制。结果表明：1）广州市休闲旅游资源总体上呈现“中心城区密集、边缘区稀疏”的分布特征,随着与市中心距离的增加,空间集聚度不断下降。2）不同类型休闲旅游资源空间分布特征差异明显,文化类集聚程度最高,康娱类呈单核集聚,自然类呈板块式集聚,专项类最接近随机分布。3）广州市休闲旅游资源可达性空间格局的交通指向性明显,呈现以中心城区为核心,沿交通干线向外渐降,至从化区北部达到最低的特点。4）不同类型休闲旅游资源的可达性空间格局存在差异,整体可达性最高的是康娱类,可达性最低的是专项类。5）广州市休闲旅游资源可达性格局在“资源-交通-人口-行政”体系综合作用下逐渐形成的。 相似文献
9.
基于改进潜能模型的城市医疗设施空间可达性——以上海市杨浦区为例 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
引入人口规模因子和医疗设施等级规模影响系数改进潜能模型,基于GIS空间分析技术,以上海杨浦区为例对其医疗设施空间可达性进行研究。结果表明：杨浦区医疗设施空间可达性分布不均,大桥街道、定海路街道及殷行街道部分区域医疗设施空间可达性较高;中部区域一些街道存在同等级医院位置密集、医疗资源相对集中的情况;杨浦区三级医院的居民就医空间可达性整体优于二级、一级医院。改进的潜能模型综合考虑了居民点人口数量、医疗设施与居民点之间的出行阻抗、以及医疗设施的等级规模对居民就医选择的影响,能更合理地评价医疗设施的可达性。研究结果可为城市医疗设施科学规划与决策提供依据。 相似文献
10.
基于第六次人口普查、第二次经济普查和问卷调查数据,定量描述和分析了上海都市区内部以街道为空间尺度的就业可达性及其空间格局,探讨了劳动者的工资收入与居住区位就业可达性的关系。结论表明：上海市的居民就业可达性呈现相对均衡的多中心分布格局,与北京就业可达性单中心的分布格局有明显的不同。同时,在控制个人经济社会属性和地区属性的条件下,上海的居民就业可达性对居民个人收入水平具有显著的正向影响。这一结论的政策含义是,地理区位较差的住房有损于居民收入,可能是吸引力不足的重要原因之一;政府通过提高地区的居民就业可达性,有助于改善就业机会,促进居民个人收入的增加。 相似文献
11.
北京市养老设施空间可达性评价 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
发展养老服务是当前中国社会建设中的重要部分。近年来,北京市养老设施发展迅速,但是由于快速的人口老龄化,北京市养老设施的供给仍难以满足老年人口对养老设施的需求。对北京市养老设施空间可达性进行科学评价是进行合理空间配置的基础,具有重要的现实意义。本文基于GIS技术,应用改进的两步移动搜索法,对北京市养老设施的空间可达性进行了测算,并重点对1小时单一有效服务半径和按养老设施规模划分的三级有效服务半径这两种情形进行了比较分析。结果表明,后者对北京市养老设施的空间可达性评价更具合理性。本文对空间可达性的测算结果识别出了北京市各区域养老设施的稀缺程度,为养老设施的空间布局提出了政策性建议。 相似文献
12.
《Urban geography》2013,34(3):264-284
Location-based assessments of accessibility gauge the attraction of a place relative to other places. These approaches have been used extensively in models of commuting and urban structure. Even though locational accessibility measures are integral to such efforts, they may also be used to explore aspects of urban spatial structure. As such, this paper presents a GIS-based analysis of locational accessibility for a sample of U.S. metropolitan areas. Indices of accessibility based on spatial interaction models are developed for intraurban residential and employment locations. Results show that residential accessibility patterns are similar across cities, taking a concentric pattern where the central urban area is most attractive. However, employment accessibility varies more from city to city; moreover, the areas of highest employment accessibility tend to be decentralized within their respective regions. Overall, location-based accessibility indices are useful for exploring urban form, particularly with respect to issues of urban sprawl. Directions for future research are identified, including linking comparative urban accessibility measures to ongoing work on commuting, the jobs-housing balance, and urban structure. 相似文献
13.
Karyn Morrissey Graham Clarke Dimitris Ballas Stephen Hynes Cathal O'Donoghue 《Area》2008,40(3):354-364
This paper analyses the effect accessibility has on General Practitioner (GP) utilisation rates at the sub-national level for Ireland. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to estimate whether there is an urban–rural differential in GP utilisation rates. We do this by simulating micro-level healthcare data. Using this synthetic data, simple logit models are employed to estimate the likelihood that individuals in different jurisdictions will attend a GP surgery. These individual logit estimates are then inputted into a spatial interaction model to highlight areas with low GP accessibility given their health status. The policy implications of these results are discussed in relation to both the healthcare literature and current Irish healthcare policy. 相似文献
14.
关中—天水经济区路网空间通达性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通达性是人文地理学、城市与区域规划、交通运输经济学等学科的研究热点之一。随着应用需求的持续加大和技术研究的不断深入,通达性测度方法和度量体系正在逐步完善。以关中—天水经济区交通路网为例,本文试图将城市、交通和区域结合起来全面阐述区域通达性。采用空间句法模型、可达性相关指标和等时圈通过特征点算法,多视角综合测度经济区路网通达性的空间格局。研究结果表明：①区域路网体系较为完善,路网线段集聚明显;线段式空间伸展格局呈＂点—轴＂状发散,轴线式空间伸展格局呈＂干—枝＂状发散,初步形成核心圈、中间圈、外围圈三大等级圈层以及＂米＂字型路网骨架,区域交通运输与城镇发展水平表现出较强的共轭协同发展关系。②城镇区域可达性在较大程度上取决于区域中心性和周边路网发达程度,区域路网单中心极化现象比较明显,西安市对整个区域路网的控制作用过于突出。③区域通达度空间分布各异,核心板块连续性较好,外围板块破碎化明显。关中、天水两大梯度板块差异较大,天水与关中通达度中高值区出现断裂。鉴于区域中心偏于西安以西的现实,适度培育杨陵或宝鸡为区域路网的副中心城市;加快关中—天水高等级快速交通建设,推进关中—天水区域一体化进程。 相似文献
15.
可达性是人文地理学和相关学科研究的核心议题之一。在“以人为本”理念的影响下,以时间地理学理论为基础、基于人的研究范式的时空可达性测度方法受到学者关注,成为生活质量、社会公平等议题的重要切入点。论文通过刻画整日潜在活动空间对个体的时空可达性进行测度,并以上海市郊区为案例地区,基于2017年居民活动日志一手调查数据开展实证研究。首先利用路网分析、二次开发等方法,对个体工作日和休息日的潜在活动空间进行测度;其次以弹性时间、整日潜在活动空间面积和可达设施密度为测度指标,利用GIS三维可视化、方差分析等方法分析时空可达性的特征及其在空间和时间维度的分异;最后,利用多元回归分析方法,探讨区位因素、时间因素和社会经济属性对居民时空可达性的影响。研究结果表明,上海市郊区居民的时空可达性在空间和时间维度上均存在着明显的分异,其中远郊居民面临着更强的时空制约和更大的空间困境;区位因素和时间因素是影响居民时空可达性的重要因素。该研究是时空可达性的测度方法在郊区中的实证检验,揭示了时空可达性的动态特征和个体间差异,为设施的时空优化配置和郊区新城建设中居民生活质量的提高提供了实证依据。 相似文献
16.
长春市大型零售设施空间可达性绩效测度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对传统的空间可达性测度模型进行改进,并引入营业面积,人口数量,消费者偏好等变量,对长春市大型零售设施进行研究,通过ArcGIS平台对零售设施的分布特征进行分析后表明:① 零售设施主要分布在城市三环路以内,在一环路传统商业区集聚程度最高;快消零售设施空间分布的向心性显著,呈单中心的集聚特征;耐消设施分布的离心化相对明显,呈双中心的集聚特征.② 综合,快消设施可达性绩效高值区集中在一环内,绩效指数向外递减时存在阶梯性,南北方向递减速度高于东西方向,城市南部三环路以外绩效水平最低;耐消设施绩效高值区在空间上分散分布.③ 快消设施绩效低值区是近年来长春市居住空间扩散的主要区域,零售设施的空间配置严重滞后于城市的空间拓展与人口的郊区化趋势.零售设施空间可达性绩效测度是一种关联了供需双方面因素,测量零售设施服务分配到单位消费者水平的方法. 相似文献
17.
基于高斯两步移动搜索法的沈阳市绿地可达性评价 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
基于高斯两步移动搜索法,进行沈阳市绿地可达性分析。在揭示研究区内绿地可达性空间格局的同时,探索这一新方法的实际应用价值。结果显示：① 沈阳市绿地可达性整体上具有北高南低、东高西低的空间分布特征,4 个高值区与3 个低值区可清晰识别;高值区域主要分布在核心城区的近外围,低值区域主要分布于核心城区与城市的西部及南部远郊。② 沈阳市绿地可达性空间格局十分不平衡,具有较强的空间极化特征,70%以上的街道绿地可达性低于全市平均水平,只有少数街道呈现较高的可达性,人口与绿地的空间不匹配是造成不平衡的主要因素。③ 根据可达性评价结果,提出了实施空间优化策略,促进绿地服务均等化的相关建议。该方法能够较好地揭示城市绿地系统与人口相互作用的规律,未来还应进一步与客观实际结合,使之更加具体化和实用化。 相似文献
18.
Highly technological in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is available at relatively few medical centers in rural United States. This research derives a spatial accessibility surface for IVF centers in a rural Midwestern state through the application of computational methods that consider spatial and non-spatial parameters to discover potentially underserved areas in the state. These methods include a modified gravity model and techniques from spatial interaction modeling. The approach develops an enhanced accessibility index that incorporates three key sociodemographic variables describing patients seeking infertility healthcare in Iowa that have been identified based on a survey of IVF care practitioners in the state. Self-organizing map techniques are used to reveal cluster locations based on the degree of match between census sociodemographic data and the expert-identified variables. The spatial accessibility surface is combined with the sociodemographic clusters to define an enhanced measure of spatial accessibility. The results suggest that while the state's IVF centers are located in tracts characterized by high spatial accessibility, at least 19% of patients travel from census tracts classed as moderate to low accessibility. This result reveals some opportunities for service improvements for these locations. Interestingly, for tracts that are characterized as having a lower patient sociodemographic match, high spatial accessibility does not appear to be a factor that improves the likelihood of patient care, at least for the variables investigated as part of this research. 相似文献
19.
以沈阳市为例,运用高分辨率遥感影像识别城市应急避难场所,采用空间插值、波段集统计等方法刻画应急避难场所空间分布及其与人口的空间匹配性,通过栅格成本分析和加权Voronoi图等方法测算空间可达性并划分其服务区范围。研究表明:(1)沈阳市应急避难场所分布呈现出"小集聚、大分散"的基本格局,与人口分布的空间匹配性差;(2)应急避难场所可达性表现出空间异质性,大型用地对整体格局起到主要塑造作用;(3)研究区域可划分为14个较为明确的应急避难场所服务区,不同服务范围在空间上存在大小、数量和构成上的差异。最后,从城市安全视角对沈阳市应急避难场所的空间布局提出优化建议,为政府部门决策提供科学依据与政策参考。 相似文献
20.
就医空间可达性分析的两步移动搜索法——以江苏省东海县为例 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
精确评价医疗设施可达性的空间分异样状况是合理配置医疗资源的前提。本文在回顾国内外关于医疗空间可达性研究的基础上, 采用两步移动搜索法, 以江苏省贫困县--东海县为案例, 以行政村和医院为分析单元, 基于迪卡斯特拉算法计算出各村到医院(卫生院)的最短通行时间, 进而分析各村医疗空间可达性分异情况。采用不用服务时间阈值范围进行空间敏感性分析, 综合研判缺医地区分布特点。与传统的医卫人员和人口比值的方法相比, 两步移动搜索法能有效显示县域范围内医疗可达性的空间分异情况。采用较大的时间阈值, 医疗空间可达性分异较为平滑, 采用较小服务阈值则空间分异显著, 缺医范围也较大。东海县医疗空间可达性整体呈单核结构, 并沿主要交通线延伸, 缺医地区多分布于边缘乡镇。提高边缘乡镇的行政村的甲级卫生院等级和乡村道路等级将会改善边缘乡镇的就医可达性。 相似文献