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1.
Ecological criteria, participant preferences and location models: A GIS approach toward ATV trail planning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephanie A. Snyder Jay H. Whitmore Ingrid E. Schneider Dennis R. Becker 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2008,28(4):248-258
This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS)-based method for recreational trail location for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) which considers environmental factors, as well as rider preferences for trail attributes. The method utilizes the Least-Cost Path algorithm within a GIS framework to optimize trail location. The trail location algorithm considered trail impacts and benefits associated with water bodies, slope, land ownership, noise, trail separation, views, and rider preferences for vegetation types and loop trails. Alternative trails were generated to highlight the influence of different preferences for trail attributes and to demonstrate the capabilities of the Least-Cost Path algorithm as applied to trail location. The method shows promise for use in generating ATV trails, as well as other types of recreational trails, for consideration in recreational planning and analysis. 相似文献
2.
旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道的影响评估 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
作为旅游景区基础设施的步道,高频率旅游利用会对其产生一定程度的影响。选取张家界森林公园的黄石寨景区为研究对象,运用"既成事实调查法",设置30个样点,选取了若干特征与指标来评估步道的受影响情况。结果显示,景区的步道扩展率为13.5%,步道冲蚀发生率为73.3%,步道损毁有14处,步道边缘的土壤性状和植被状况也发生了改变,这说明旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道产生了负面影响。而且山顶环寨游道受到旅游活动的影响最大,上山游道次之,下山游道最小,这与旅游利用强度密切相关。 相似文献
3.
As managers and researchers of protected natural areas continue to seek balance in promoting visitor use but limiting negative experiential and natural resource impacts, the integration of social and physical spatial data may play a critical role in understanding how visitors and the community interface with the landscape within these protected areas. These spatial considerations are important for inventorying, monitoring, and managing the conditions of natural resources within parks. Specifically related to the visitor impacts of natural resources in parks are the use and condition of multiple-use trails. Technology such as GPS and GIS may allow for a unique assessment of the relationship between factors that influence this resource. This paper focuses on how visitor use distribution (measured through GPS tracking), activity type, and trail design influence the impacts to trail conditions. This paper also addresses statistical concerns related to spatial dependency. Results suggest that failure to account for spatial dependency can lead to erroneous Type I findings. Additionally, activity type (specifically horseback riders) and trail design were found to best predict trail impacts when controlling for spatial dependency. 相似文献
4.
Jo Beth Mullens 《The Journal of geography》2016,115(6):244-255
Charging undergraduate geography students with the task of designing a recreational trail in their local community offers an engaging experiential opportunity with potential to advance geographic learning in a real-world setting. This article presents an assignment in which students were asked to develop a recreational trail proposal for an undeveloped local conservation area and the results of a survey that asked the students to reflect and report upon the educational value of this experience one year later. Results of the survey validated the assignment's lasting value to the students across the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning domains. 相似文献
5.
Joaquín Márquez-Pérez José I. Álvarez-Francoso 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2017,117(1):53-62
An increase in walking or hiking activities in natural areas requires improvements in information and advice about trails, including their difficulty, available services and estimated travel time. Comparative studies show remarkable differences between measured and calculated travel times obtained by available predictive procedures (Naismith’s rule, Tobler’s hiking function or MIDE). A new procedure has been designed by combining pre-existing methods (Tobler’s and MIDE), and travel times have been calculated for 21 trails located in different protected natural areas of Spain. Times obtained are compared with travel times measured by individual users and uploaded into specialized walking-hiking websites (Wikiloc). Results show that the new procedure (Modified Tobler) reduces differences between calculated and measured travel times, which makes it suitable not only for trail managers to estimate travel times but also as a key part of pedestrian transport analysis in trail networks. 相似文献
6.
JOHN E. ESTES KENNETH C. McGWIRE GLORIA A. FLETCHER TIMOTHY W. FORESMAN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):359-377
Abstract This paper describes a framework for the role of geographical information systems (GIS) in the monitoring and management of hazardous waste sites. Compilation of required information, incorporation of existing strategies for waste monitoring, analysis of these data in a GIS environment and the integration of computerized models for transport processes are discussed. Examples for the analysis of spatial data using techniques of cartographic overlay and the implementation of geo-statistical methods on monitoring data are provided from work in progress by the authors. These examples are set in the context of developing a fully integrated monitoring and management system utilizing GIS technology. 相似文献
7.
Johnstone Strait in coastal British Columbia, Canada, is a core habitat for seasonal concentrations of killer whales (Orcinus orca), which have attracted considerable attention from commercial whale-watching operators and recreational boaters. Within the Strait lies the Robson Bight–Michael Bigg Ecological Reserve, a marine reserve set aside as critical habitat for killer whales and closed to recreational boat traffic. The geography of encounters between killer whales and seven types of whale-watching vessels (including kayaks, charter and pleasure craft) in and near this reserve was analysed with a suite of geostatistics in a geographic information system (GIS) vector environment. Reserve boundary violation was high among most user groups, with kayakers being the most frequent offenders. Motorized vessels had significantly longer contact times with whales compared to kayaks and sailboats. Motorized vessels showed the travel characteristic of deliberate tracking of whales. The movements of killer whales also appear to be affected by boats. These results have important implications for killer whale conservation and management in areas where they are subject to intensive whale-watching activities, and possible chronic disturbance. 相似文献
8.
Recurring issues in the social sciences concern the distribution of public facilities such as parks and equity of access to them. Geographers have observed that access has perceptual as well as physical dimensions and that perceptions of difference can affect use of public space. This study explores the nature of greenways as public space and a set of issues related to equity of access to greenway trails in Indianapolis, Indiana. The study uses proximity as a measure of access and simple GIS analyses of census and other data to assess equality of access. Evidence is provided that suggests that minorities and the poor have disproportionate access to trails. It is also shown that populations adjacent to the trails differ and that the populations along particular trails are segregated. Spatial differences in trail populations are associated with historic land use patterns and population movements within the city. The implications of the findings of difference for use of the greenways system are explored. Implications for management of the greenways system—including achievement of the goal of linking neighborhoods—are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
It is now common for researchers in natural resource management and economics to develop spatial models of recreation demand for the purposes of valuation and planning. Such an approach has significant advantages but requires access to relatively detailed spatial data. In the absence of official data concerning resources, researchers may benefit from employing increasingly available volunteered geographic information (VGI) as a central source of data or to complement more traditional data sources. This paper describes the development of a map of forest recreational resources in Ireland by combining conventional forest cover data and VGI of recreational trails. As an extension the new map is combined with household survey data to explore respondent's ability to identify local recreational forests and models the impact of the characteristics of the closest forest on their annual visitation. The results suggest that VGI can be a useful resource to researchers in both the identification and characterisation of recreational resources. In addition, this paper finds that the distance to and characteristics of the nearest recreational forest has a significant impact on total annual visitation by members of the public. 相似文献
10.
沙漠型景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
植被是沙漠景区水土保持和防风固沙的重要屏障。选取宁夏沙坡头和黄沙古渡景区,采用既成事实法就景区游步道沿线生态环境对踩踏干扰的响应进行调查研究。结果表明:①自然状态下,踩踏干扰主要集中在道路边缘4 m范围内,但不同性质道路差异较大;②采用地表覆盖物响应指数来衡量道路沿线生态环境响应程度,在道路边缘1 m范围内各调查样区受冲击均达到非常严重的程度,只有沙坡头北区沙漠栈道调查路段地表覆盖物响应指数值全部在44.9%以下,属于中等-轻微程度干扰,这是由于栈道两侧木栏作用明显;③游客对游步道沿线沙漠植被盖度可接受改变限度为16.4%,沙漠植被覆盖率应在此水平以下,其中沙坡头北区沙漠栈道两侧植被盖度达到了难以接受程度,说明游客在沙漠中的空旷、苍凉的体验需求与沙漠生态治理之间是天然的难以调和的对立体;④游步道沿线生态环境响应强弱与道路坡度、边坡坡度、游步道两侧生态系统以及游步道宽度具有一定相关性。研究结果也表明,目前游客踩踏干扰已对沙漠景区道路沿线生态环境以及游客游憩体验产生了一定的负面影响。研究对沙漠景区景观和游步道设计、规范游客行为、建立沙漠景区环境容量预警机制、实现宁夏沙漠旅游可持续发展具有指导价值。 相似文献
11.
N. M. Luzhkova 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(1):48-57
The comprehensive utilization of the technique for substantiating the promotion of hiking tourism, with emphasis on infrastructural development to ease access to recreational sites for different categories of visitors. The goal of using specialized hiking trails is to furnish a means of acquiring a familiarity with the unique landscapes of the Khamar-Daban mountain range. The technique contains four consecutive stages, and their implementation is illustrated in terms of the model territory. An analysis is made of the socioeconomic and geoecological characteristics of the Baikalskii Biosphere Reserve, which, together with landscape assessment, serves as a basis for the generation of the zoning map for possibilities and restrictions as regards the promotion and development of hiking tourism. A zoning is provided, which takes into consideration the possibilities of hiking tourism, based on assessing a territory’s transport accessibility, estimating the cost of preparing a trail of each class, and on the geoecological characteristics of landscape. The map that identifies seven zones of different-intensity transformation of the territory for an integral development of hiking tourism is used in making recommendations for the preparation of hiking trails in the Baikalskii Nature Reserve. The landscapes are combined into zones according to the degree of suitability for the construction of trails of different classes. The algorithm for preparation of trails consisting of 10 consecutive stages (three stages of planning, and seven stages of preparation) is applied for a number of linear features. The most suitable classes of preparation are indicated for these trails, in accordance with the characteristics of landscapes and engineering restrictions within their boundaries. 相似文献
12.
Michael O'Neal Campbell 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(2):151-169
Despite recent interest in sacred (fetish) groves as remnant forests, few studies have investigated their sustainability and conservation role in West Africa. This article employs a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis of time series images (1960‐98), comprehensive social surveys and ecological field methods to evaluate four sacred groves and eight unprotected tree stands in the coastal savanna of Ghana and compare these with vegetation in the distant forested hinterland. There were strong similarities and substantial differences in tree species between different sacred groves, and between these and the unprotected stands and proximate deciduous forests. In addition, far fewer tree losses were documented in the sacred groves than in the local unprotected stands. Although these sacred groves were on average only partially representative of deciduous forest vegetation, their stronger sustainability compared with unprotected tree stands may be important to consider in detail for conservation. 相似文献
13.
J. C. WIGGINS R. P. HARTLEY M. J. HIGGINS R. J. WHITTAKER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):77-87
Abstract The CORINE programme (Co-ordinaled' Information on the European Environment) has been underway since 1985. Its purpose is to provide information on the environment of the entire European Community in a form suitable for assisting policy making. Such data must be accurate, integrated and readily available to the personnel for whom the system is designed. The system must be capable of dealing with large amounts of spatially-linked data from many different sources, in text, vector or raster form. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) is therefore essential. This paper describes the use of an interim system as a ‘bed’ for beginning the process of acquiring and integrating data. The data sets available are soils, climate, topography and ‘biotopes) (important areas for nature conservation). A data transfer format has been devised to provide for ease of transfer between various sites in the European Community with different mainframe computers. The interim system ensures that the needs of users can be defined and provides valuable user experience before a permanent system is installed. Other issues examined include the use of national and international networks and problems of integrating data when incorporating existing digital data from disparate sources into a large GIS. 相似文献
14.
作为游憩空间的核心研究对象,游憩热点在研判居民游憩偏好、落实城市游憩规划等方面具有重要作用。该文从“社会感知”视角,结合“头尾划分”理论,提出基于时空轨迹数据识别城市游憩热点的新方法。首先基于个人轨迹数据识别停留点,然后基于“头尾划分”理论划定游憩停留点簇群,最后整合停留点簇群并赋值于邻近道路形成游憩热点;以广州市老城区为例进行实证分析,并与两种既有点数据聚类方法进行对比。结果显示:1)广州市老城区的游憩热点整体集中于中、西部,热点类型可分为蓝绿空间、历史风貌、商业街区、批发市场和新兴网红场所5类;2)相比DBSCAN和CFSFDP算法,该文方法在识别游憩热点数量、捕捉游憩热点核心、明确游憩热点边界和运行简洁程度等方面表现更好,有利于后续游憩热点的深度分析与整合。研究成果可为城市游憩热点的识别提供新思路,也可为国土空间规划语境下游憩系统的重塑与提升提供重要分析基础。 相似文献
15.
The Racetrack Playa's unusual surface features known as sliding rocks have been the subject of an ongoing debate and several mapping projects for half a century, although the causative mechanism remains unresolved. Clasts ranging in volume from large pebbles to medium boulders have, unwitnessed, maneuvered around the nearly flat dry lake over considerable distances. The controversy has persisted partly because eyewitness accounts of the phenomenon continue to be lacking, and the earlier mapping missions were limited in method and geographic range. In July 1996, we generated the first complete map of all observed sliding rock trails by submeter differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) mapping technology. The resulting map shows 162 sliding rocks and associated trails to an accuracy of approximately 30 cm. Although anemometer data are not available in the Racetrack wilderness, wind is clearly a catalyst for sliding rock activity; an inferred wind rose was constructed from DGPS trail segment data. When the entire trail network is examined in plan, some patterns emerge, although other (perhaps expected relations) remain elusive: terrain analysis of the surrounding topography demonstrates that the length and morphology of trails are more closely related to where rocks rested at the onset of motion than to any physical attribute of the rocks themselves. Follow-up surveys in May 1998, May 1999, August 1999, and November 1999 revealed little modification of the July, 1996 sliding rock configuration. Only four rocks were repositioned during the El Niño winter of 1997–1998, suggesting that activity may not be restricted to winter storms. 相似文献
16.
针对时空GIS发展所面临的时空表达不统一,高维扩展困难等问题,基于以多维统一和坐标无关为特征的几何代数理论,建立多维统一GIS构建的层次体系与方法。利用几何代数对象构造中几何维度与Grassmann维度的一致性,实现整合维度结构与几何关系的多维地理对象自适应表达。利用几何代数算子的特征内蕴与结构明晰特性,构建多维统一计算模型以及可支撑复杂地理计算的多维统一分析框架,进而建立基于几何代数的多维统一GIS系统架构与实现方案。对上述关键技术加以实现并进行了相关应用案例分析。结果显示,基于几何代数构建的多维统一GIS有望突破现有时空GIS的不足,可为以多维统一表达与运算为特征GIS的发展提供新的数学工具与实现途径。 相似文献
17.
资源与环境模型标准文档库及其与GIS集成 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
论述了中国资源与环境模型标准文档库的结构和内容。通过研究总结数学模型及其研究现状发现，中国资源与环境模型标准文档库建设需要完善尚有缺陷的数学模型、创建尚缺少的数学模型；通过归纳现有数学模型与地理信息系统的现有集成方法发现，目前的集成方法不能满足区域可持续发展集成模型的需要，据此讨论了数学模型与地理信息系统有效集成需要深入研究的内容。最后，提出了通过大量案例研究，形成区域可持续发展集成模型和中国资源与环境模型标准文档库2个软件包的可行研究思路。 相似文献
18.
Harvey J. Miller 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):791-816
Abstract A neglected aspect of facility location problems is the geometric representation of the facilities sited and clients served. Point objects represent these entities in most facility location problems. This can cause solution error and limit the range of potential solutions. The increasing capabilities of geographical information systems (GIS) to represent, store and manipulate spatial entities provides a substantial but unrealized potential for more sophisticated geometric representation in facility location problems. This paper provides a framework for realizing this potential. Specifically, this paper: (i) synthesizes existing formulations; (ii) develops a unified mathematical framework; (iii) identifies feasible computational strategies that can be implemented within a GIS framework, and; (iv) discusses potential GIS-based solution algorithms. 相似文献
19.
Geospatial data and tools are key in locating lost or missing persons in as short a time as possible. In this study, we used a geographic information system (GIS) to analyze four years of search and rescue (SAR) mission data from Colorado to determine the appropriate use of GIS for volunteer-based SAR organizations with limited resources and GIS expertise. GIS can provide more sophisticated analyses of geospatial data than simple mapping technologies, but our findings indicated that complex spatial analysis might not be required on all missions, because the majority of missions were completed within six to ten hours. Instead, new technologies such as tablets with mapping software and online GIS systems that provide quick and easy access to up-to-date geospatial data such as imagery offer capabilities that could improve mission planning. Here we provide a framework in which SAR missions can apply geospatial technologies to aid with missions, identify critical “hotspots,” and enhance postanalysis and training. The work here is highly applicable for nonprofit SAR groups when deciding on what GIS technologies to consider for their areas. 相似文献