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1.
旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道的影响评估 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
作为旅游景区基础设施的步道,高频率旅游利用会对其产生一定程度的影响。选取张家界森林公园的黄石寨景区为研究对象,运用"既成事实调查法",设置30个样点,选取了若干特征与指标来评估步道的受影响情况。结果显示,景区的步道扩展率为13.5%,步道冲蚀发生率为73.3%,步道损毁有14处,步道边缘的土壤性状和植被状况也发生了改变,这说明旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道产生了负面影响。而且山顶环寨游道受到旅游活动的影响最大,上山游道次之,下山游道最小,这与旅游利用强度密切相关。 相似文献
2.
中国自然保护地旅游资源利用的冲突和协调路径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
协调旅游资源保护与利用冲突是当前自然保护地体系建设亟待解决的关键问题之一。论文利用质性研究方法,在系统总结中国自然保护地旅游资源利用的阶段特征与模式基础上,分析了现阶段旅游资源利用的冲突及其矛盾本质,并从多维视角探讨冲突的形成机制,从生态保护、社区发展、理论逻辑等方面分析现阶段自然保护地旅游资源利用的可行性与合理性;最后从建立利益主体权责明确的一体化资源利用机制、加强对旅游资源利用活动资源环境效应的评估、因地制宜探索自然生态资源保护和利用的动态模式、建立更加精准化的自然保护地分区利用方案、以生态理念为指导创新生态旅游产品类型等方面,提出自然保护地旅游资源利用的合理路径。研究结论有助于各界从系统性视角深入理解现阶段自然保护地旅游资源利用的冲突,同时对合理推动自然生态资源的可持续利用具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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The analysis of space and the use of geographic information systems (GIS) have long been important to natural resource applications. More recently, social scientists have been exploring ways to integrate spatial concepts with social science data related to natural resources for theoretical, practical, and methodological reasons. This trend is particularly evident with research in park and protected area (PPA) management and outdoor recreation. The purpose of this paper is to present an updated review of how space has been incorporated into PPA research, integrate concepts and methods, identify gaps, and propose future directions for research. Overall, this review suggests that the incorporation of spatially-related social science data is advancing the field PPA research in an effective and viable way. 相似文献
4.
Parks and protected areas provide a wide range of benefits, but methods to evaluate their importance to society are often ad hoc and limited. In this study, the quality of crowdsourced information from Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) sources (Flickr, OpenStreetMap (OSM), and Wikipedia) was compared with visitor counts that are presumed to reflect social importance. Using the state of Victoria, Australia as a case study, secondary crowdsourced VGI data, primary crowdsourced (PPGIS data) and visitor statistics were examined for their correspondence and differences, and to identify spatial patterns in park popularity. Data completeness—the percent of protected areas with data—varied between sources, being highest for OSM (90%), followed by Flickr (41%), PPGIS (24%), visitation counts (5%), and Wikipedia articles (4%). Statistically significant correlations were found between all five measures of popularity for protected areas. Using stepwise multiple linear regression, the explained variability in visitor numbers was greater than 70%, with PPGIS, Flickr and OSM having the largest standardized coefficients. The social importance of protected areas varied as a function of accessibility and the types of values (direct or indirect use) expressed for the areas. Crowdsourced data may provide an alternative to visitor counts for assessing protected area social importance and spatial variability of visitation. However, crowdsourced data appears to be an unreliable proxy for the full range of values and importance of protected areas, especially for non-use values such as biological conservation. 相似文献
5.
Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives. Understanding the role of agriculture, which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China, is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas. Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality, and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation. This paper examined the concept, management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development. The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation, integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood. However, the typology of the protected area system, including the traditional agricultural system as a new type, needs further consideration. 相似文献
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基于休闲旅游资源POI数据,采用最邻近指数、核密度及栅格分析等方法,探讨广州市不同类型休闲旅游资源的空间特征及其可达性空间格局,并解析可达性空间格局的形成机制。结果表明：1）广州市休闲旅游资源总体上呈现“中心城区密集、边缘区稀疏”的分布特征,随着与市中心距离的增加,空间集聚度不断下降。2）不同类型休闲旅游资源空间分布特征差异明显,文化类集聚程度最高,康娱类呈单核集聚,自然类呈板块式集聚,专项类最接近随机分布。3）广州市休闲旅游资源可达性空间格局的交通指向性明显,呈现以中心城区为核心,沿交通干线向外渐降,至从化区北部达到最低的特点。4）不同类型休闲旅游资源的可达性空间格局存在差异,整体可达性最高的是康娱类,可达性最低的是专项类。5）广州市休闲旅游资源可达性格局在“资源-交通-人口-行政”体系综合作用下逐渐形成的。 相似文献
8.
One of the most important tasks for managers of many natural protected areas is achieving a balance between conservation of nature and recreational opportunity. This paper presents a framework based on geographic information system (GIS) and regression tree analysis of optimized recreational trail location for flexible, user-defined input parameters. The method utilizes: (1) the GIS to create a database containing field data and existing GIS/cartographic materials; (2) regression tree analysis to establish the relationships between indicators of degradation and environmental and use-related factors for existing trails, as well as to predict trail degradation for potential new trials; (3) least-cost path algorithm within a GIS framework to optimize trail route.The framework was applied to the Gorce National Park in the south of Poland. A large sample (>4500) of the field collected data about degradation of the existing trail network was linked with data about soil, geology, geomorphology and relief, and with information about the type and amount of recreational use. Based on the existing relationship, predicted trail degradation was calculated and routes for two examples of trails (hiking and motorized) were designated. The proposed methodology is objective and quantitative, and can also include knowledge of local stakeholders. The framework has the potential to design new trails (or to re-route old ones), characterized by the best possible solution for recreational and conservation functions to coexist, by routing visitors through trails with the lowest possible impact. 相似文献
9.
黑河流域典型区土地利用格局变化及影响比较 总被引：28，自引：4，他引：24
在黑河流域选择两个典型区域进行土地利用变化的空间差异与影响的对比研究,利用20世纪60年代以来的三期遥感数据,通过定量表征指标体系,对比分析了两个区域不同空间土地利用格局变化和土地利用类型变化的分异特征,定量评价了土地利用变化对不同区域绿洲系统的稳定性和水资源空间分配的影响。结果表明：过去35年来两个对比区域不同的土地利用格局变化,形成了显著的绿洲沿河流的溯源迁移和以基于下游老绿洲的渐进性绿洲外围拓展两种不同模式,前者导致流域水资源过度集中消耗于流域上游和源区,中下游水资源可利用量急剧减少,在35年间下游荒漠化土地增加了85.1%,灌溉绿洲萎缩了25.5%;后者则不同,水资源利用量的空间配置在区域下游具有小幅度集中,区域绿洲系统整体的稳定性较高。从流域整体的水土相互关系出发,合理规划干旱内陆流域土地利用模式和空间土地资源配置,对于促进流域整体的可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
依据红河县气象站及保护区附近4个气象哨的气象观测资料,结合野外实地考察和访谈所得非常规资料,采用理论推算方法对保护区气候资源的时空变化特征进行系统分析.结果表明：保护区光、热、水资源的时空分布变化显著.随着海拔升高年均温、年日照时数、年积温逐渐下降,年降水量和年太阳总辐射量逐渐增多.一年中,光、热、水资源夏季最多,冬季最少,山地南坡较北坡多.针对热量和水分资源垂直分异特征将保护区划分为4个垂直气候带,可为保护区及附近社区自然资源的合理开发利用、保护和管理气候资源提供理论依据. 相似文献
11.
干旱区水土资源时空变化的定量研究 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：11
水资源是制约干旱区土地资源开发利用的主要自然因素，水、土资源利用在时间和空间上平衡与否的矛盾影响着干旱区生态环境与社会发展。用定量化的数学模型表示二者的互相影响，能描述、解释和预测二者关系并能为制定对策提供依据。本文首先分析了干旱区土地利用与水资源的相互影响，然后对水土资源相互影响下时空变化的模拟方法和理论进行了综述。一方面从蒸散的计算、模拟地下水补给、模拟区域尺度上土地利用影响、模拟土地管理措施影响、模拟抽取地下水影响、以系统方法模拟土地利用影响等几方面对土地利用影响下水资源的时空变化模拟进行了综述。同时对水资源影响下土地利用变化的模拟从主要考虑水文作用的水文－植被模型的建立应用及引入人为因素为驱动力的土地利用变化模拟两方面做了综述。文章最后进一步概括了干旱区水土资源时空变化模拟的趋势并就此方面的研究提出了三点展望意见。 相似文献
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As citizens take on expanded roles in gathering and reporting environmental data, their potential impact may relate to organizational traits. This study sought to understand the relationship through a survey that identified traits and impacts of U.S. volunteer water monitoring programs on natural resource policy and management. A multiple regression model tested the influence of nine traits on an index of impact, addressing eight a priori hypotheses related to natural resource management outcomes. Seven traits were significantly related to impacts. Significant positive relationships included: the objective to address an environmental crisis; an EPA and/or state-approved quality assurance plan; support of external decision makers who may use or benefit from data; larger budget; volunteers playing more roles in the research process. Fewer impacts were expected from programs operating within schools. Understanding these relationships can help guide citizen science programs or other types of citizen engagement efforts. 相似文献
14.
Digital technologies, including participatory Internet mapping, social media and smartphones, provide new avenues for research in outdoor recreation and tourism. The potential to reach a greater audience and collect visitation data on a broader scale, with less costs than traditional paper surveys, are key advantages that have increased the use of these novel technologies. Using of mobile apps for data collection is still at the experimental stage. We evaluate previous attempts to use apps for monitoring recreation and tourism in protected areas, as an alternative to other in situ or online methods. We present a pilot study implemented in Jotunheimen National Park (Norway), where we developed a mobile app for visitor monitoring and real-time mapping of values and experiences. We present the lessons learned, give suggestions on how and for what apps can be used, and discuss the advantages and limitations of using smartphones for visitor monitoring in protected areas. 相似文献
15.
跨省界地区是中国精准扶贫的重点地区,也是区域治理的难点地区。依据《中华人民共和国省级行政区域界线详图集》等资料,本文构建了全国跨省界自然地理实体地名数据库,从数量特征、空间差异性和空间自相关三个方面探讨了中国跨省界自然地理实体地名的空间分布格局及其影响因素,分析了由行政分割所引起的跨省界自然地理实体管理问题及其影响,并提出相应的建议。数据库共包括11325个跨省界自然地理实体地名,其中水系类地名4243个,陆地地形类地名7082个。湖南省和上海市分别是地名最多和最少的省级行政区。跨省界自然地理实体地名在中国南方地区呈现明显的聚集现象,而且水系类地名比陆地地形类地名的空间分布更趋随机。区域地形条件和人口规模是影响跨省界自然地理实体地名空间格局的重要因素,在相对高差介于1000~2000 m之间、人口数量介于4000~5000万之间的省份,跨省界自然地理实体地名的数量最多。行政分割造成了跨省界自然地理实体发展的不平衡,主要表现为区域发展目标、管理模式和发展时序等方面的差异。建议政府建立统一规范的跨省界自然地理实体管理机制,建立中央直属的行政管理机构对跨省界自然地理实体进行统一管理,加强跨省协作区联合统筹、建立以跨界自然地理实体为单元的申报机制。 相似文献
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美国、澳大利亚的国家公园和香港郊野公园的行政管理体系，都基本上包含立法、决策、执行3个层次，并且各层次相互之间关系清晰、权责明确，确保了资源保护的有效性和游憩利用的合理性。结合我国风景名胜区的管理现状分析，可以认为，在行政管理体系中缺乏对立法、决策、执行3个层次的不同功能和机构划分的考虑，导致了目前的管理权空洞化、管理空间重叠、局部管理垄断等问题。 相似文献
17.
P. Ya. Baklanov V. V. Ermoshin V. P. Karakin V. V. Zharikov Nguyen Van Cu Dao Dinh Cham 《Geography and Natural Resources》2017,38(4):333-340
Coastal-marine nature management is treated as a spatiotemporal structure consisting of two interrelated components: the coastal territorial component occurring in the coastal territory, and the coastal aquatic component occurring within the coastal aquatic area as well as the sea shores connecting them. The study revealed the components of the main and concomitant uses of natural resources which have evolved directly across the land and sea areas of mining of separate kinds of natural resources and having technogenic impacts on them. From a combination of natural resources as well as of spatial scales of the main and concomitant uses of natural resources on the coastal territory and in coastal waters, we identified the main types of coastal-marine nature management in the southern areas of Pacific Russia and in Northern Vietnam: different kinds of nature management including the utilization of the territory for industrial-residential and transportation purposes as well as for cultivation of rice and vegetable crops, extraction of building materials, other mineral resources, forest use, extraction of marine salt from the sea water, coastal fisheries, various forms of mariculture, marine recreation, etc. A fragment of the cartographic assessment of the current types of coastal-marine nature management is presented for the southern coastal areas of Pacific Russia. 相似文献
18.
Landslide Representation Strategies in Susceptibility Studies using Weights-of-Evidence Modeling Technique 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper is focused primarily on how to represent landslide scarp areas, how to analyze results achieved by the application
of specific strategies of representation and how to compare the outcomes derived by different tests, within a general framework
related to landslide susceptibility assessment. These topics are analyzed taking into account the scale of data survey (1:10,000)
and the role of a landslide susceptibility map into projects targeted toward the definition of prediction, prevention, and
mitigation measures, in a wider context of civil protection planning. These aims are achieved by using ArcSDM (Arc Spatial
Data Modeler), a software extension to ArcView GIS useful for developing spatial prediction models using regional datasets.
This extension requires a representation by points of the investigated problems (landslide susceptibility, aquifer vulnerability,
detection of mineral deposits, identification of natural habitats of animals, and plants, etc.). Maps of spatial evidence
from regional geological and geomorphological datasets were used to generate maps showing susceptibility to slope failures
in two different study areas, located in the northern Apennines and in the central Alps (Italy), respectively. The final susceptibility
maps for both study areas were derived by the application of the weights-of-evidence (WofE) modeling technique. By this method
a series of subjective decisions were required, strongly dependent on an understanding of the natural processes under study,
supported by statistical analysis of the spatial associations between known landslides and evidential themes. Except for maps
of attitude, permeability, and structure, that were not available for both study areas, the other data were the same and comprised
geological, land use, slope, and internal relief maps.
The paper illustrates how different representations of scarp areas by points (in terms of different number of points) did
not greatly influence the final response map, considering the scale of this work. On the contrary, some differences were observed
in the capability of the model to describe the relations between predictor variables and landslides. In effect, a representation
of the scarp areas using one point every 50 m led to a more efficient model able to better define relationships of this type.
It avoided both problems of redundancy of information, deriving by the use of too many points, and problems related to a random
positioning of the centroid. Moreover, it permitted to minimize the uncertainty related with identification and mapping of
landslides. 相似文献
19.
Poor air quality has long been one of the dominant transboundary issues facing protected areas worldwide. In 1977, the United States Congress amended the Clean Air Act to address federally-managed lands containing valued air resources (i.e. scenic views). Forty years later, we interviewed professionals from the U.S. National Park Service, Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management (n=38) regarding their perceptions of the legacy of the Clean Air Act and other federal policies relevant to air resources, as well as their perceptions of the future of air resource management on U.S federal lands. Results were analyzed using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis supported by in vivo, thematic, and salience coding. Our findings illustrate national progress in air resource management, potential policy directions, and highlight the influence of emerging technologies and governance in air resource management within protected areas. 相似文献
20.
The economic impacts of parks on adjacent property values have been extensively studied in the literature. Studies on how individual park facilities influence property values, however, are rarely found. While park facilities are essential for providing diverse recreational opportunities, their economic impacts should also be considered when designing a park system. This study, therefore, applied hedonic regression models to examine the impacts of park facilities on neighboring residential property values within the city of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The park facilities examined are divided into two categories: passive (i.e. passive recreation space, water features, and gardens) and active (i.e. children's play grounds, ball fields, tennis courts, skate park, etc.). Analysis of results suggests that park facilities for passive recreation, with the exception of urban gardens, are likely to have positive impacts on property values. Active facilities, especially skate parks and children's play areas, tend to introduce negative impacts. The impacts of facilities on property values decrease over distance zones from parks, which is consistent with the findings in the literature. Moreover, the impacts of facilities on property values vary with size, as gardens and most active facilities are more likely to be beneficial in small parks, while water features in large parks tend to increase property values. 相似文献