共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
从砾性土的定义出发,回顾了砾性土从被认为不会液化到其液化现象引起工程师关注的研究历程及国内外研究进展。总结了含砾量、相对密度等因素对砾性土抗液化能力影响关系的研究现状。介绍了国际上对砾性土场地液化判别的研究成果及各种主流方法的优势与不足;分析了剪切波速方法应用于砾性土场地液化判别的可行性。研究认为:砾性土的液化现象正逐渐被科学界及工程界接受;含砾量对砾性土抗液化能力的影响研究仍然存在较大矛盾,相对密度等影响砂土抗液化能力的因素同样影响砾性土抗液化能力;砂土场地应用的标准贯入、静力触探等液化判别方法不适用于砾性土场地,国际上发展了基于动力触探和贝克尔贯入试验的液化判别方法;剪切波速判别方法在砾性土场地的液化判别中具有优势和潜力,是今后研究的方向之一。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
对以往曾经发生显著液化的唐山地区和巴楚地区的土动力学性能进行对比研究,包括两个地区砂土相对密度与剪切波速关系、剪切波速与标准贯入击数关系等,以此深入了解两个重要地区土层的动力性能,为研究区域化液化判别方法提供基础。结果表明:现行抗震规范液化判别方法数据来源主要为唐山地区,明显不适用于新疆巴楚地区的液化判别;唐山地区与巴楚地区液化场地砂土取相同相对密度时,两个地区液化场地砂土剪切波速差别很小;但唐山地区与巴楚地区液化层砂土平均标准贯入击数和V_s~N_(63.5)关系曲线差异显著,表明以V_s~N_(63.5)关系区分不同地区砂土抗液化能力是可能的。 相似文献
5.
砂土原位状态的性能一直以来都难以有效获取,而其体积变化特征的评价指标（状态参数）就是其中重要的一项。利用状态参数（Ψ）来代替相对密实度表征砂土的状态特性是一种新兴的趋势。考虑到砂土状态参数是关于体积变化的评价指标,在砂土地层中,随着围压的增加,砂土剪胀的趋势增加,液化阻力也增加。因此通过状态参数进行砂土液化的判别是可行的。以宿迁—新沂高速公路工程为背景,建立基于孔压静力触探（CPTU）的状态参数、周期阻力比（CRR）和标准贯入击数（N）之间的相关性模型。提出通过砂土的状态参数判别液化的两种新方法。 相似文献
6.
饱和砂土地震液化判别的分形插值模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
借鉴分形基本理论,提出了基于分形插值模型的饱和砂土地震液化判别方法.该方法首先选取影响饱和砂土地震液化判别的7个主要因素,根据分类标准,采用在每级标准中随机内插的方法,得到40个标准样本,用于构建饱和砂土地震液化判别的分形插值模型;其次根据最大似然分类原则确定每个饱和砂土地震液化判别指标的评价分维数;然后利用加权求和法计算样本的综合评价值,并根据样本综合评价值与经验等级之间的关系建立分形插值评价模型;最后,进行了实例分析结果表明:该模型的评价结果合理、客观,计算得到的每个样本具体得分值,即使对属于同一级的样本也可以给出其地震液化程度的顺序,为饱和砂土地震液化评价工作提供了一种新的研究方法与思路. 相似文献
7.
针对天津地区典型的饱和粉土液化判别现状以及抗震设防标准大幅调整的情况,进行标贯判别法的适用性分析。通过收集大量工程钻孔数据,结合唐山地震震后调查研究结果,对比分析国内三种规范标贯法的液化判别效果;并结合Seed简化法对明显液化区、非液化区数据进行液化回判成功率对比。研究结果表明,在Ⅶ度(0.15g)和Ⅷ度(0.20g)条件下,现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(2010版)法在天津地区液化判别的安全度最高,在液化区的判定成功率最高,但在非液化区的误判率也很高,且判定的液化程度等级与实际液化情况相比明显偏重;地标《岩土工程勘察规范》法在液化区的判定成功率较高,与现行抗规2010版接近,但对非液化区的误判率降低比较明显,判定液化程度等级与实际情况吻合性较好,既保证了安全度,又体现出了一定的经济性,对天津地区粉土液化的适用性更好。 相似文献
8.
液化判别的可靠性研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文根据收集到的30次地震800余例砂土和粉土液化调查资料,采用优化方法建立和改进了砂土和粉土的液化判别式,其中包括应力比比值法、能量法、规范法和简化应力比比值法的液化判别式。文中首次提出液化判别可信度的概念,指出可信度与回判成功率的区别,说明可信度能更恰当地度量液化判别结果的可靠性。文中应用信息熵理论,提出综合评价液化判别式好坏程度的定量指标。应用上述方法研究优化后的液化判别式可靠性发现,它们对砂土液化判别的适用性是好的,对粉土液化判别的适用性是理想的。但应指出,当以烈度表示地震作用强度时,规范法的适用性是好的,并对10—15m深的砂土或粉土的液化判别也是适用的;当以加速度表示地震作用强度时,用规范法判别液化则遇到了困难。本文引进模糊烈度概念,修改了规范法。修改后的规范法能强好地适用于已知地面加速度情况下的液化判别。 一个场址所受到的地震作用强度可用烈度、地面加速度、震级和震中距等指标表示。本文给出的几种液化判别方法分别适用于上述不同情况。 相似文献
9.
饱和砂土地震液化有可能诱发极为严重的破坏,已成为土动力学领域的重要研究课题之一。对液化的判别分为初判和复判。初判指根据已有的勘测资料或简单的测试手段,初步判别土层的液化可能。对于初判可能发生地震液化的土层,则再进行复判。鉴于土层液化的影响因素较多,我国规范建议采取经验方法,即标准贯入法,静力触探法,剪切波速法。单一判别方法都有局限性和适用范围,宜用各种方法综合判别。液化危害性评价使用危害性指标,分析液化对建筑物的危害程度。评价方法主要有液化指数法,震陷值法,谱强度比法和综合法。以评价指标为依据,划分液化影响的综合等级,全面反映液化危害程度。 相似文献
10.
饱和砂土地震液化有可能诱发极为严重的破坏,已成为土动力学领域的重要研究课题之一。对液化的判别分为初判和复判。初判指根据已有的勘测资料或简单的测试手段,初步判别土层的液化可能。对于初判可能发生地震液化的土层,则再进行复判。鉴于土层液化的影响因素较多,我国规范建议采取经验方法,即标准贯入法,静力触探法,剪切波速法。单一判别方法都有局限性和适用范围,宜用各种方法综合判别。液化危害性评价使用危害性指标,分析液化对建筑物的危害程度。评价方法主要有液化指数法,震陷值法,谱强度比法和综合法。以评价指标为依据,划分液化影响的综合等级,全面反映液化危害程度。 相似文献
11.
Characterization of liquefaction resistance in gravelly soil: large hammer penetration test and shear wave velocity approach 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ping-Sien Lin Chi-Wen Chang Wen-Jong Chang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(9-10):675
Gravelly soil is generally recognized to have no liquefaction potential. However, liquefaction cases were reported in central Taiwan in the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake and in the 1988 Armenia earthquake. Thus, further studies on the liquefaction potential of gravelly soil are warranted. Because large particles can impede the penetration of both standard penetration test and cone penetration test, shear wave velocity-based correlations and large hammer penetration tests (LPT) are employed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance of gravelly soils. A liquefied gravelly deposit site during the Chi-Chi earthquake was selected for this research. In situ physical properties of soil deposits were collected from exploratory trenches. Instrumented LPT and shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements were performed to evaluate the liquefaction resistance. In addition, large-scale cyclic triaxial tests on remolded gravelly soil samples (15 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height) were conducted to verify and improve LPT-based and Vs-based correlations. The results show that the LPT and shear wave velocity methods are reasonably suitable for liquefaction assessment of gravelly soils. 相似文献
12.
Field investigations following the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake identified 118 liquefaction sites, most of which are underlain by gravelly sediment in the Chengdu Plain and adjacent Mianyang area, in the Sichuan Province. Gravel sediment in the Sichuan province is widely distributed; hence it is necessary to develop a method for prediction and evaluation of gravel liquefaction behavior. Based on liquefaction investigation data and in-situ testing, and with reference to existing procedures for sandy soil liquefaction evaluation, a fundamental procedure for gravel liquefaction evaluation using dynamic penetration tests (DPT) is proposed along with a corresponding model and calculation formula. The procedure contains two stages, i.e., pre-determination and re-determination. Pre-determination excludes impossible liquefiable or non-liquefiable soils, and re-determination explores a DPT-based critical N120 blows calculation model. Pre-determination includes three criteria, i.e., geological age, gravel contents, gravel sediment depths and water tables. The re-determination model consists of five parameters, i.e., DPT reference values, gravel contents, gravel sediment depths, water tables and seismic intensities. A normalization method is used for DPT reference values and an optimization method is used for the gravel sediment depth coefficient and water table coefficient. The gravel liquefaction evaluation method proposed herein is simple and takes most influencing factors on gravel sediment liquefaction into account. 相似文献
13.
Lianyang Zhang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1998,17(4):219-226
The feasibility of using the optimum seeking method to assess the seismic liquefaction potential of sands has been investigated. Optimization theory is a very important branch of applied mathematics and has a wide application in the practical world. Using the available field sand liquefaction data, the influence of various factors is quantified using the optimum seeking method. The factors considered are: the earthquake magnitude M, the distance of the site from the source of the earthquake L, the depth of the water table Dw, the depth of the sand deposit Ds, and the standard penetration test (SPT) blow count N. The most important factors have been identified as the earthquake magnitude and the SPT blow count. Prediction results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible. Since neither normalization of the SPT blow count nor calculation of the seismic shear-stress ratio are required, the proposed method is simpler and more direct than the conventional methods of evaluating liquefaction potential. 相似文献
14.
In this paper,a distribution map of gravelly soil liquefaction that was caused by the Wenchuan M_s 8.0 earthquake in China is proposed based on a detailed field investigation and an analysis of geological soil profiles. The geological background of the earthquake disaster region is summarized by compiling geological cross sections and borehole logs. Meanwhile,four typical liquefied sites were selected to conduct sample drillings,dynamic penetration tests (DPT),and shear wave velocity tests,to understand the features of liquefied gravelly soil. One hundred and eighteen (118) liquefied sites were investigated shortly after the earthquake. The field investigation showed:(1) sandboils and waterspouts occurred extensively,involving thousands of miles of farmland,120 villages,eight schools and five factories,which caused damage to some rural houses,schools,manufacturing facilities and wells,etc.; (2) the Chengdu plain is covered by a gravelly soil layer with a thickness of 0 m to 541 m according to the geological cross sections; (3) there were 80 gravelly soil liquefied sites in the Chengdu plain,shaped as five belt areas that varied from 20 km to 40 km in length,and about ten gravelly soil liquefied sites distributed within Mianyang area; and (4) the grain sizes of the sampled soil were relative larger than the ejected soil on the ground,thus the type of liquefied soil cannot be determined by the ejected soil. The gravelly soil liquefied sites are helpful in enriching the global database of gravelly soil liquefaction and developing a corresponding evaluation method in further research efforts. 相似文献
15.
砂土液化是一种危害性比较大的自然灾害,对砂土液化进行判定预测在地质灾害防治领域中有重要的研究意义。通过粗糙集理论(Rough Set,RS)对影响砂土液化的6个初始评价指标(包括震级、土深、震中距、地下水位、标贯击数和地震持续时间)进行属性约简,去掉冗余或干扰信息,得到基于4个核心预测指标的数据集。通过主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)从核心评价指标中提取出主成分,采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)对数据集进行训练,用遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)优化参数,建立砂土液化的RS-PCA-GA-SVM预测模型。并结合砂土液化实际数据将预测结果与基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法改进的BP神经网络模型(LM-BP)的预测结果做比较。实例计算表明:基于RS-PCA-GA-SVM模型得到的砂土液化预测结果精度较LM-BP神经网络有很大的提高,判别结果与实际情况比较吻合,可在实际工程中应用。 相似文献
16.
为探讨台安砂土液化相关特性及发展规律,针对辽宁台安砂土进行一系列不排水动三轴试验,研究台安砂土在动荷载作用下动孔压及动应变变化规律,分析影响台安砂土发生液化的主控因素,揭示动载作用次数下台安砂土动力响应特征。结果表明：动应力水平不同的各相对密度试样ud曲线可分为后期陡增和匀速增长两种类型,动应力幅值较大时,ud始终以较快速度增长,呈现匀速增长特征,动应力幅值较小时,ud曲线则呈现初期缓增后期陡增的特点;相对密度Dr和动应力幅值CSR是决定砂土液化的主控因素,在同一里氏震级等效动载作用次数下,随着Dr持续发展,液化所需CSR增长逐渐加快,当Dr足够大时,砂土基本处于密实状态,此时难以发生液化;循环荷载作用下,台安砂土呈现出初期整体受压、中期拉压平衡、后期受拉凸显的动力响应特征,到后期试样拉应变迅速增大,试样易发生受拉破坏。研究成果可为辽宁台安地区建筑物抗震设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
17.
S. Thevanayagam 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(2):135-146
Whether the presence of non-plastic silt in a granular mix soil impact its liquefaction potential and how to evaluate liquefaction resistance of sand containing different amounts of silt contents are both controversial issues. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation to address these issues. Two parameters, namely, equivalent intergranular void ratio （ec）eq and equivalent interfine void ratio （ef）eq, proposed in a companion paper （Thevanayagam, 2007） as indices of active grain contacts in a granular mix, are used to characterize liquefaction resistance of sands and silty sands. Results indicate that, at the same global void ratio （e）, liquefaction resistance of silty sand decreases with an increase in fines content （Cv） up to a threshold value （Crth）. This is due to a reduction in intergrain contact density between the coarse grains. Beyond Crth, with further addition of fines, the interfine contacts become significant while the inter-coarse grain contacts diminish and coarse grains become dispersed. At the same e, the liquefaction resistance increases and the soil becomes stronger with a fttrther increase in silt content. Beyond a limiting fines content （CrL）, the liquefaction resistance is controlled by interfine contacts only. When Cr〈Crth, at the same （e）eq, the liquefaction resistance of silty sand is comparable to that of the host clean sand at a void ratio equal to （ec）eq. When CF〉CFth, at the same （ef）eq, the cyclic strength of a sandy silt is comparable to the host silt at a void ratio equal to （ef）eq. 相似文献
18.
针对砂土液化判别中影响因素与砂土状态间映射关系的不确定性及模糊性等问题,在邻域粗糙集(Neighborhood Rough Set, NRS)因素约简的基础上,利用多策略融合的改进麻雀搜索算法(Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm, ISSA)优化支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)参数C和g,构建了SVM砂土液化判别模型。以吉林松原地区的42组实例作为总体样本集,其中35组作为训练集,另外7组作为测试集,利用邻域粗糙集对9个影响因素约简得到4个因素,然后输入ISSA-SVM模型进行预测,并进行了约简得到的因素敏感性分析。结果表明：因素约简剔除了冗余属性,降低了模型复杂度;ISSA算法具有极强的探索性、收敛性和局部逃逸能力;相比于其他模型,NRS-ISSA-SVM砂土液化判别模型精度更高,泛化能力更强;建议要判别砂土的液化状态,需要准确查明水位埋深、地震烈度、标准贯入击数,非液化土层厚度这4个因素,尤其是前三个因素。通过易获取的影响因素建立NRS-ISSA-SVM砂土液化判别模型,不仅可准确地判断该区域其余未知点的砂土状态,... 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil based on standard penetration test using multi-gene genetic programming model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper discusses the evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil based on standard penetration test (SPT) dataset using evolutionary artificial intelligence technique, multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). The liquefaction classification accuracy (94.19%) of the developed liquefaction index (LI) model is found to be better than that of available artificial neural network (ANN) model (88.37%) and at par with the available support vector machine (SVM) model (94.19%) on the basis of the testing data. Further, an empirical equation is presented using MGGP to approximate the unknown limit state function representing the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of soil based on developed LI model. Using an independent database of 227 cases, the overall rates of successful prediction of occurrence of liquefaction and non-liquefaction are found to be 87, 86, and 84% by the developed MGGP based model, available ANN and the statistical models, respectively, on the basis of calculated factor of safety (F s ) against the liquefaction occurrence. 相似文献
20.
目前,主要依靠室内动力试验对黄土液化势进行评价。由于黄土特殊的结构性,室内试验对其饱和的过程较为复杂,且与实际场地饱和黄土差异明显,导致室内黄土液化试验结果并不能代表现场饱和黄土的抗液化强度。本文选取兰州市西固区寺儿沟村某饱和黄土场地进行钻孔测试,现场实施了标准贯入试验、静力触探试验以及剪切波速测试。应用Robertson的土类指数分类图对该场地不同含水率黄土的土类进行了界定,确定了饱和黄土属于类砂土,有液化势。应用NCEER推荐方法,计算了3组原位试验数据的饱和黄土循环抗力比（CRR）,通过与1976年唐山地震和1999年集集地震液化土CRR对比,得出了饱和黄土抗液化强度很低的结论。 相似文献