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1.
Giovanni De Giudici Riccardo Biddau Matteo Leoni 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(16):4073-4083
The effect of lattice disorder and mineral surface area on the reactivity of finely ground fluorite was studied on ball-milled powders. Structural information was provided by X-ray whole powder pattern modeling (WPPM). The mean size of coherent scattering domains decreases with milling time from 70 nm to ∼20 nm, whereas the density of lattice defects increases with both time and intensity of milling treatment, from 4 × 1015 m-2 to 24 × 1015 m-2. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of ground fluorite grains shows several line defects and a general tendency of nanometric crystalline domains to agglomerate in larger grains.Solution chemistry was investigated using batch reactors with free drift of solution saturation state with respect to fluorite. Total surface area was measured by the Brunaver, Emmet and Teller (BET) method, and dissolution rates were measured at pH = 2 (HCl) and T = 295 K. In far from equilibrium conditions, dissolution rates normalized by BET area do not increase with the dislocation density. In near-equilibrium condition, however, measured stationary ionic product clearly increases with both time and intensity of milling treatment. Thermodynamic predictions of the solubility constant indicate negligible or little effect of total surface area. Consequently, the observed increase in the stationary ionic product can be related to the increasing lattice defect content. This confirms the significant role of dislocation outcrops on mineral dissolution in close to equilibrium conditions. 相似文献
2.
对矿物中位错和位错增殖的几点认识 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要以前人的实验结果为依据，从理论角度分析和讨论了有关位错的几个问题。指出通过测量矿物的位错密度值计算得到的外应力只能是矿物变形过程中所受峰值应力的下限，位错的运动速度随着外施应力和温度的增高而加快，从奥洛旺方程的位错速度与应力的关系出发，提出了矿物晶体中位错随外应力增加而非线性增殖的一个原因。 相似文献
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It is well known that the chemical environment determines the success of the flotation process, however its characterisation and control is difficult to achieve. This paper, as two parts, Part I and Part II, evaluates the use of various measurements and their interpretation to gain an understanding of the influence of varying parameters such as the type of milling media and copper sulphate addition on the flotation performance of sulphide minerals from a platinum group mineral (PGM) bearing Merensky ore. It shows the complexity of interpretation and the importance of analysing flotation performance holistically. Part I focuses on the pulp chemistry and mineral potential measurements have been used to show the differences in the response of the various mineral electrodes to different conditions. The final flotation recoveries of the sulphide minerals in the ore followed the same trend as the decrease in mineral potential due to collector addition viz. chalcopyrite > pentlandite > pyrrhotite. Type of milling media and copper sulphate addition slightly affected the mineral electrode potential and flotation recovery of chalcopyrite. Addition of copper sulphate increased the recovery of pentlandite and particularly pyrrhotite due to activation by copper (II) ions. The copper activation mechanism was likely to be in the form of initial adsorption of copper hydroxide followed by reduction to Cu+ at the surface. However, the changes in flotation performance of the different minerals in the ore could not be completely described by the electrochemical changes, demonstrating the limitations of these measurements. Part II addresses the effect of froth stability as demonstrated by the variations in the mass and water recovery data resulting from the different milling conditions and addition of copper sulphate which emphasised the importance of considering the froth phase in the evaluation of flotation data. 相似文献
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The limitations of pulp chemistry measurements in the flotation of a platinum group mineral (PGM) bearing Merensky ore were demonstrated in Part 1 of this article. In this paper the importance of the contribution of the froth structure due to changing froth stability is analysed using the batch flotation data. The effects of mild steel (MS) and stainless steel (SS) milling media and the addition of copper sulphate on the flotation performance of the sulphide minerals in Merensky ore have been evaluated in relation to the changes in stability of the froth phase. The effects of pulp chemistry and froth stability on the flotation of sulphide minerals were distinguished by using two different rate constants (kt and kw). The rate constant (kw) calculated as a function of cumulative water recovery was used to describe characteristics of froth phase and kt was calculated as a function of flotation time. The results revealed that the type of grinding media and copper sulphate addition had an interactive effect on the froth stability. While mild steel (MS) milling increased the froth stability due to the presence of hydrophilic iron hydroxides and colloidal metallic iron, the addition of copper sulphate reduced the stability, especially with stainless steel (SS) milling. Copper sulphate addition had a dual role in the flotation of Merensky ore in that it caused destabilisation of the froth zone as well as activation of selected sulphide minerals. The dominant effect was found to depend on the type of milling media and floatability of the mineral in question and this work has demonstrated the importance of using a combination of measurements to evaluate flotation performance holistically. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,76(4):260-265
The intensification of the thiosulphate leaching of silver from a silver-bearing complex sulphide concentrate (Casapalca deposit) using mechanochemical alkaline leaching as the pretreatment step was investigated. The leaching of “as-received” concentrate with the thiosulphate solution afforded only 6% recovery of Ag into leach. The mechanochemical pretreatment resulted 85% amorphization of tetrahedrite as a silver-bearing mineral in the concentrate as well as an increase in specific surface area from the original value of 0.26 m2 g−1 to a maximum value of 15.7 m2 g−1. The pretreatment was performed in a stirred ball mill using variable milling times and sample weights. The physico-chemical changes in the concentrate as a consequence of mechanochemical pretreatment had a pronounced influence on the subsequent silver extraction. The optimum results from mechanochemical pretreatment and subsequent leaching of the concentrate with ammonium thiosulphate were achieved by using a milling time of 60 min and a weight of sample of 60 g. In this case, 99% recovery of Ag was achieved after only 3 min of leaching. 相似文献
6.
肃北硫磺矿床矿石中有用矿物为自然硫,硫品位一般在23%～36%。一直采用土法焚烧熔炼回收硫磺,造成环境污染和硫资源的浪费。通过对硫磺矿石进行物质组成研究和实验室流程选矿试验研究,确定了合理的工艺流程。矿石经一段开路和一段闭路磨矿后,采用最佳配比混合抑制剂及其他优化条件进行浮选,获得回收率为92.46%、含S80.78%的工业用硫磺精矿,为该硫磺矿的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
A worldwide survey on grinding mill circuits in the mineral processing industry was conducted. The aims of this survey are to determine how milling circuits are currently controlled, and to find out how key process variables are linked to economic benefits. The survey involves background information on the circuits, the choice of controlled and manipulated variables, the economic impact of the controlled variables, adopted control technologies and assessment of control performance. Sixty-eight responses were received. Survey results are contrasted to the milling control literature. 相似文献
8.
E. Tochigi E. Zepeda-alarcon H.-R. Wenk A. M. Minor 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2014,41(10):757-765
With in situ nanocompression experiments in a transmission electron microscope, we investigated plastic deformation in natural quartz crystals and observed both dislocation plasticity as well as mechanical twinning. Through this experimental method, we are able to provide direct evidence of Dauphiné twin nucleation and could measure the intrinsic twinning stress. The twinning phenomena appear to include a memory effect, where the same twin can reappear upon successive loading and unloading events. The data provide insight into this twin generation mechanism and can be used as a benchmark for the use of twins in quartz for paleopiezometry. Together, the observation of room-temperature dislocation plasticity and reversible twinning adds new insight into the extensive field of quartz plasticity and demonstrates the usefulness of small-scale testing techniques for mineral physics. 相似文献
9.
对胜利油田胜坨地区碎屑岩储层岩芯样品和岩石薄晶片分别采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜进行镜下观察与能谱测试分析。结果表明：碎屑岩中骨架矿物石英和长石中存在纳米尺度的结构特征;石英镜下可见类蚀像凹坑、雏晶单晶、平行脊线、晶体位错、类包裹体晶内核等5种纳米尺度的结构;长石镜下可见晶面平行凹痕、溶蚀针、纳米级薄层断阶、长石高岭石化、晶体位错和超微包裹体等6种纳米尺度的结构;这些结构大多在几百纳米的尺度范围内,有的甚至只有几十纳米;矿物在纳米尺度上表现出的结构特征与其本身的硬度变化、晶体品格缺陷、晶体生长过程以及成岩作用的显微表现和显微构造应力改造作用有关。对碎屑岩骨架矿物中纳米尺度结构特征的进一步研究有望为岩石显微变形的应力作用机制和方式以及溶解作用等成岩作用模式做出有效分析,进而为油气勘探开发提供新的探索方式。 相似文献
10.
Role of Water in Deformed Omphacite in UHP Eclogite from the Dabie Mountains, Eastern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SU Wen YOU Zhendong CONG Bolin YE KaiLaboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing E-mail: suwen@mail.igcas.ac.cnChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei Xie Guanglian 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(3):320-325
Omphacite grains from UHP eclogite of the Dabie Mountains in eastern China are elongated and show strong lattice preferred orientations (LPOs). Observations by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified not only structures of plastic deformation occurring as free dislocation, dislocation loops and dislocation walls, but also bubbles of water present in the deformed omphacite. The bubbles attach to the dislocation loops which are often connected to one another via a common bubble. Using infrared spectroscopy (IR), two types of hydrous components are identified as hydroxyl and free-water in the omphacite. An analysis of deformation mechanism of microstructure in omphacite suggests that the mineral deformed plastically under UHP metamorphic conditions by dislocation creep through hydrolitic weakening. 相似文献
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江苏矿产资源总的特点是大多数非金属矿产比较充裕，能源及重要金属矿产相对不足。省内矿业配套，但存在勘查跟不上采选，开采满足不了冶炼与深加工，规模偏小，效益及集约化程度较低等问题。江苏矿业发展战略，要服从服务于全国总的产业政策，开发开放的总体布局，服从“科教兴省”、“经济国际化”、“区域共同发展”、“海上苏东”的战略及沿江，沿海，沿桥布局的战略，体现大矿业的思想，真正使矿业经济步上按市场经济体制运行和 相似文献
14.
Mahmoud S. Alyamani 《GeoJournal》1999,48(4):291-297
In Wadi Tharad the groundwater has been subjected to hydrochemical study to identify the process (s) that led to the formation
of relatively highly saline water in shallow alluvial aquifer. The chemical analyses results show that the groundwater salinity
was highly variable and randomly distributed along the wadi course. This variation could be attributed to intensive evaporation
on effluent prone surface irrigation water that led to precipitation of evaporates (e.g., calcite, dolomite, gypsum and probably
halite). The intensive irrigation practice through mineral dissolution recharged the groundwater with a marked increase in
the salinity. The local hydrogeological condition is also involved in determining the risk of the groundwater salinity as
a consequence of irrigation practice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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磁铁矿是岩石、土壤和沉积物中少量而又普遍存在的副矿物,是环境磁记录的主要载体.磁铁矿在表生地质过程中受到机械、生物和化学风化作用使其结构、粒径、氧化程度、磁学性质发生一系列变化,这些变化对环境磁学以及表生地质过程的研究具有重要意义.从矿物学角度研究了磁铁矿粒径、相转变、氧化程度和磁化率随着研磨时间的变化规律.结果表明,平均粒径为4 μm的磁铁矿在研磨1 h后粒径变化趋于稳定,但随着研磨时间的增加,磁化率逐步降低而氧化率逐渐增加.通过对研磨后样品进行XRD分析表明,随着研磨时间的增加,磁铁矿衍射峰强度明显减弱,衍射峰宽化,赤铁矿的衍射峰强度逐渐增强.由此可见,原生磁铁矿(对沉积物而言属于碎屑磁铁矿)低温氧化产物是赤铁矿而不是磁赤铁矿.在表生地质演化过程中颗粒的机械碰撞不仅使磁铁矿颗粒变细,而且可能影响到磁铁矿常温氧化、磁学性质和晶体结构. 相似文献
17.
糜棱岩韧性变形发生的应变局部化过程,尤其是多相糜棱岩第二相对基质相变形的影响一直是显微构造研究难点.研究表明糜棱岩借助颗粒边界滑移实现多相混合,形成多矿物相集合体.在多相糜棱岩内,第二相在基质相颗粒边界施加齐纳阻力,牵制基质相颗粒边界的迁移速率,破坏基质相颗粒的动态平衡过程,使基质相颗粒位于古应力计对应的颗粒粒度以下,导致基质相整体的表面积增大,促进扩散交换过程,提高了扩散蠕变,降低了基质相位错蠕变和结晶学优选方位(CPO)形成的效率,使变形机制从颗粒粒径不敏感蠕变机制(GSI)过渡为颗粒粒径敏感蠕变机制(GSS).另外,多相糜棱岩内的第二相具有诱导应变局部化的效应,使塑性应变局部化更为强烈,引起物质强度的变化,进而引起岩石变形过程和岩石圈流变行为的改变.选取秦岭群花岗质糜棱岩进行多相矿物糜棱岩定量化研究,结果显示花岗质糜棱岩伴随着云母含量的增多以及各相混合程度的增大,石英的颗粒粒度明显减小,CPO强度显著降低,基质相显微变形受第二相控制逐渐增强. 相似文献
18.
Wu Xiuling Mou Tao Han Yujing Test Center China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Li Douxing Laboratory of Atomic Imaging of Solid Institute of Metal Research Academia Sinica Shenyang China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2000,11(3)
The research into the high- pressure(HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metam orphism has remained on the cuttingedge as well as a hot issue in the contemporary geosciencessince the coesite and diamond were discovered in the metamor-phic rocks.The jadeite quartzite from Anhui Province occur-ring as lenses within gneisses contains a m ineral assem blage ofjadeite,garnet and quartz.The discovery of coesite and itspseudomorphs in jadeite and garnet proves that the jadeitequartzite is an im portan… 相似文献
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Frank S. Spear 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,99(2):249-256
The Gibbs method permits simultaneous evaluation of the relationships among all intensive thermodynamic variables of a heterogeneous system in equilibrium. Addition of mass balance constraints permits simultaneous evaluation of both intensive and extensive variables so that changes in phase chemistry and modes may be monitored. Assumption of closed system behavior results in a system of equations with two degrees of freedom, regardless of the thermodynamic variance, as specified by Duhem's theorem. Open system behavior increases the number of degrees of freedom by the number of components to which the system is open. The methodology presented is therefore a formal statement of the constraints among the differential of all of the intensive and extensive variables of a heterogeneous system.Examples of the application of this formalism include contouring pressure-temperature space for mineral composition, modal changes and reaction progress; contouring reaction space with pressure, temperature and mineral composition; and calculation of compositional and modal changes of phases for prescribed changes in pressure and temperature, as, for example, in the calculation of synthetic garnet zoning profiles or liquid lines of descent in crystallizing magmas. 相似文献