共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
K.-H. Glassmeier S. Buchert U. Motschmann A. Korth A. Pedersen 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(3):338-350
Giant pulsations are nearly monochromatic ULF-pulsations of the Earth’s magnetic field with periods of about 100 s and amplitudes of up to 40 nT. For one such event ground-magnetic observations as well as simultaneous GEOS-2 magnetic and electric field data and proton flux measurements made in the geostationary orbit have been analysed. The observations of the electromagnetic field indicate the excitation of an odd-mode type fundamental field line oscillation. A clear correlation between variations of the proton flux in the energy range 30–90 keV with the giant pulsation event observed at the ground is found. Furthermore, the proton phase space density exhibits a bump-on-the-tail signature at about 60 keV. Assuming a drift-bounce resonance instability as a possible generation mechanism, the azimuthal wave number of the pulsation wave field may be determined using a generalized resonance condition. The value determined in this way, m = −21±4, is in accord with the value m = −27±6 determined from ground-magnetic measurements. A more detailed examination of the observed ring current plasma distribution function f shows that odd-mode type eigenoscillations are expected for the case ∂f/∂W ≥ 0, much as observed. This result is different from previous theoretical studies as we not only consider local gradients of the distribution function in real space, but also in velocity space. It is therefore concluded that the observed giant pulsation is the result of a drift-bounce resonance instability of the ring current plasma coupling to an odd-mode fundamental standing wave. The generation of the bump-on-the-tail distribution causing ≥f/≥W ≥ 0 can be explained due to velocity dispersion of protons injected into the ring current. Both this velocity dispersion and the necessary substorm activity causing the injection of protons into the nightside magnetosphere are observed. 相似文献
2.
S. A. Kuznetsov I. V. Zimovets V. F. Melnikov R. Wang 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2017,57(8):1067-1072
This paper reports the obtained analysis data on the spatio-temporal evolution of sources of microwave and hard X-ray pulsations for the SOL2011-06-07T06:16 event based on the observation data of the RHESSI spectrometer and the Nobeyama radioheliograph. The position of the considered pulsation sources changes from one pulsation to another. The motion of the X-ray sources is predominantly longitudinal in nature in relation to the inversion line of the magnetic polarity. The obtained analysis data on the evolution of X-ray sources are in good agreement with the results of the radio image analysis. The radio brightness center at 34 GHz changes its position from one pulsation to another along the inversion line of the magnetic polarity throughout the burst. According to the AIA/SDO telescope data, the flare region images in the ultraviolet range demonstrate a well-defined eruption of the magnetic flux rope. The flare energy release can likely be triggered by the erupting magnetic flux rope; the successive interaction of different parts of it with different loops of the surrounding magnetic arcade can result in their successive “ignition” and, as a consequence, lead to the observed changes in the position of X-ray and microwave sources from one pulsation to another. 相似文献
3.
A pronounced difference exists between the theory, which definitely indicates that magnetospheric oscillations are anharmonic,
and the experimental study of geomagnetic pulsations. The experimental study of the nonlinearity of the Pc5 pulsation amplitude
latitudinal profile (the range of periods is 150–600 s) is considered. The Pc5 registrations at the IMAGE meridional chain
of station were used to search for nonlinear distortions of the profile. Using a specific event, it has been indicated that
the Pc5 amplitude peak shifts northward along the meridian with decreasing oscillation amplitude. The coefficient of nonlinear
distortions in the latitudinal profile has been determined based on the measurements. The main conclusion consists in that
a delicate problem of geomagnetic pulsation anharmonicity can be entirely studied experimentally. 相似文献
4.
R. Cramm K. H. Glassmeier C. Othmer K. H. Fornacon H. U. Auster W. Baumjohann E. Georgescu 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(4):411-415
A 16 mHz Pc4 pulsation was recorded on March 17, 1998, in the prenoon sector of the Earths magnetosphere by the Equator-S satellite. The event is strongly localized in radial direction at approximately L = 5 and exhibits properties of a field line resonance such as an ellipticity change as seen by applying the method of the analytical signal to the magnetic field data. The azimuthal wave number was estimated as m 150. We discuss whether this event can be explained by the FLR mechanism and find out that the change in ellipticity is more a general feature of a localized Alfvén wave than indicative of a resonant process. 相似文献
5.
大地电流法在石油普查地区探測高电阻基岩层的起伏情况,是一种有效而且經济的地球物理方法。但是目前在观察数据整理的問題上,尚存在着一些混乱現象。由于整理方法的众多,在同一地区采用不同的方法,往往不能对比。 相似文献
6.
The latitudinal position of subauroral proton spots (special proton auroras observed from the IMAGE satellite) has been compared with the Pc1 pulsation intensity distribution determined using the data from the Finnish meridional network of induction magnetometers. It has been indicated that a Pc1 intensity maximum is always observed at the station that is closer to the proton aurora projection. Two Pc1 bands were registered in the event when two proton auroral spots were simultaneously observed at different latitudes. In this case, the Pc1 intensity distribution maximum at lower frequencies was related to a proton auroral spot at a higher latitude and vice versa. Such a spatial correlation between Pc1 pulsations and proton auroral spots, together with the previously established time correlation between these phenomena, demonstrates that subauroral proton spots reflect the region of ion cyclotron instability in the equatorial magnetosphere at the level of the ionosphere. 相似文献
7.
During the multiband wave Pc1 event on March 7, 2001 the EISCAT UHF and VHF incoherent scatter radars operated simultaneously covering an exceptionally wide altitude range of the ionosphere ～90—2000 km. This made possible to test the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) model over a large altitude range. The three lowest IAR eigenfrequencies, where the most of the Pc1 pulsation signal bands occur, were selected for the spatial analysis of the standing wave electromagnetic fields, applying the full-wave numerical simulation method. The altitude spread of amplitude maxima and nodes together with polarization characteristics of oscillation maxima in the horizontal plane are presented. The comparison of the standing wave oscillations on the altitude profile with the signal amplitude observed on the ground is also presented. 相似文献
8.
Maxime Le Goff Bernard Henry Lucien Daly 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1992,70(3-4):201-204
A statistical method is proposed for the smoothing of polar wander paths and for giving their confidence limits by the mean of successive ellipses. The method is fully parametrical and is based on the relations between the inertia matrix and the parameters of the Fisher distribution, from which a bivariate form is deduced. An elementary tensorial calculation gives the parameters of the confidence ellipse around a vectorial weighted mean, for any unimodal set of vectors. This model can also be used for other statistical tests, wherever the rotational symmetry hypothesis is not consistent (i.e. the fold test). 相似文献
9.
C.A. Finn G.D. Kraft M.S. Sibol R.L. Jones M.E. Pulaski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(1-2):105-116
—?An important requirement for a comprehensive seismic monitoring system is the capability to accurately locate small seismic events worldwide. Accurate event location can improve the probability of determining whether or not a small event, recorded predominantly by local and regional stations, is a nuclear explosion. For those portions of the earth where crustal velocities are not well established, reference event calibration techniques offer a method of increased locational accuracy and reduced locational bias.¶In this study, data from a set of mining events with good ground-truth data in the Powder River Basin region of eastern Wyoming are used to investigate the potential of event calibration techniques in the area. Results of this study are compared with locations published in the prototype International Data Center's Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). A Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method was applied to a s et of 23 events. Four of those events with superior ground-truth control (mining company report or Global Positioning System data) were used as JHD reference events. Nineteen (83%) of the solutions converged and the resulting set of station-phase travel-time corrections from the JHD results was then tested. When those travel-time corrections were applied individually to the four events with good ground-truth control, the average locational error reduced the original REB location error from 16.1?km to 5.7?km (65% improvement). The JHD locations indicated reduced locational bias and all of the individual error ellipses enclosed the actual known event locations.¶Given a set of well-recorded calibration events, it appears that the JHD methodology is a viable technique for improving locational accuracy of future small events where the location depends on arrival times from predominantly local and/or regional stations. In this specific case, the International Associ ation of Seismology and the Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) travel-time tables, coupled with JHD-derived travel-time corrections, may obviate the need for an accurately known regional velocity structure in the Powder River Basin region. 相似文献
10.
—?We test how well low-magnitude (m bLg 1.8 to 2.6), 25-ton chemical explosions at Balapan, Kazakhstan, can be located using IMS stations and standard earth models, relying on precisely determined relative arrival times of nearly similar, regional and teleseismic waveforms. Three 1997 Balapan explosions were recorded by a number of currently reporting and surrogate IMS stations. Three regional stations and two teleseismic arrays yielded consistent waveforms appropriate for relative picking. Master-event locations based on the AK135 model and ground-truth information from the first, shallowest and best-recorded explosion, fell under 1 km from known locations, for depths constrained to that of the master event. The resulting 90% confidence ellipses covered 12–13?km2 and contained the true locations; however, results for depth constrained to true depth were slightly less satisf actory. From predictions based on ground truth, we found a P g -coda phase at Makanchi, Kazakhstan to be misidentified and poorly modeled. After accounting for this, 90% ellipses shrank to 2–3?km2 and true-depth mislocation vectors became more consistent with confidence-ellipse orientations. These results suggest that a high level of precision could be provided by a tripartite array of calibration shots in cases where models are poorly known. We hope that the successful relocation of these small Balapan shots will support the role of calibration explosions in verification monitoring and special event studies, including on-site inspection. 相似文献
11.
The spatial dynamics of bursts of geomagnetic Pi2-type pulsations during a typical event of a magnetospheric substorm (April 13, 2010) drifting to the pole was investigated using the method of generalized variance characterizing the integral time increment of the total horizontal amplitude of the wave at a given point in the selected time interval. The digital data of Scandinavian profile observations from IMAGE magnetometers with 10-second sampling and data of the INTERMAGNET project observations at the equatorial, middle-latitude and subauroral latitudes with a 1-second sampling were used in the analysis. It was shown that Pi2 pulsation bursts in a frequency band of 8–20 mHz appear simultaneously on a global scale: from the polar to equatorial latitudes with maximum amplitudes at latitudes of the maximum intensity of the auroral electrojet and with a maximum amplitude of geomagnetic pulsations Pi3 within a band of 1.5–6 mHz. The first (left-polarized) intensive Pi2 burst appeared at auroral latitudes several minutes after breakup, while the second (right-polarized) burst occurred 15 min after breakup but at higher (polar) latitudes where the substorm had displaced by that time. The direction of wave-polarization vector rotation was opposite for auroral and subauroral latitudes, but it was identical at the equator and in the subauroral zone. The pulsation amplitude at the equator was maximal in the night sector. 相似文献
12.
We calculate three-dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution of apparent resistivity observation when Schlumberger array is used by using finite element method. Analysis results suggest that for the situation of one-dimensional positive or minus coefficient of surface medium, three-dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution at surface shows similar patterns, and sensitivity coefficients distributions of different layered electric structures are also similar. There are two approximate ellipses at the two-dimensional surface plane between current electrodes and potential electrodes, where sensitivity coefficients are minus, and sensitivity coefficients at other areas are positive. Sensitivity coefficients at two approximate ellipses between current electrodes and potential electrodes are minus at the vertical section along monitoring line, while others are positive. From the three-dimensional view, minus sensitivity coefficients are at the two approximate half ellipsoids between current electrodes and potential electrodes when arrays are applied at surface. And coefficients near the electrodes are much greater than other areas. When resistivity of local areas at surface changes, we can qualitatively analyze the disturbing effects caused by the areas using three dimensional sensitivity coefficients distribution, and the analysis result can serve as reference for further experiment and numerical model quantitative analysis. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an approach to estimating the probability distribution of annual discharges Q based on rainfall-runoff modelling using multiple rainfall events. The approach is based on the prior knowledge about the probability distribution of annual maximum daily totals of rainfall P in a natural catchment, random disaggregation of the totals into hourly values, and rainfall-runoff modelling. The presented Multi-Event Simulation of Extreme Flood method (MESEF) combines design event method based on single-rainfall event modelling, and continuous simulation method used for estimating the maximum discharges of a given exceedance probability using rainfall-runoff models. In the paper, the flood quantiles were estimated using the MESEF method, and then compared to the flood quantiles estimated using classical statistical method based on observed data. 相似文献
14.
F. Z. Feygin A. K. Nekrasov K. Mursula J. Kangas T. Pikkarainen 《Annales Geophysicae》1994,12(2-3):147-151
A fair fraction of Pc1 pulsation events observed on the ground includes more than one simultaneous pulsation band. In most such multiband events the bands display different characteristics and, therefore, come from different source regions via horizontal ducting in the ionosphere. However, in this report we identify a new “coherent” subclass of multiband Pc1 events where the pearls of the simultaneous bands have the same group velocities (repetition rates) as well as dispersion and other properties, thus implying that the bands are produced by the same source. Studying one example of such a coherent multiband event in more detail, we argue that these events defy an explanation in terms of band splitting by magnetospheric heavy ions because the observed frequency gap between the bands is smaller than would result in such a case. We interpret these events to be due to the frequency dependence of the ionospheric reflection coefficient of Alfvén waves. An oscillatory frequency dependence of the coefficient is a natural consequence of the idea that the ionosphere acts as a resonator for Alfvén waves. We also discuss other predictions of this interpretation. 相似文献
15.
A.K. Agarwal B.P. Singh N. Nityananda 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(3):232-237
Variations recorded simultaneously at eight Indian stations during a magnetic storm are analysed to obtain the power spectra for each component using the fast Fourier transform. For two selected peaks, observed for H at all stations, at 49.5- and 70-min periods, a complex demodulation is performed for each component. From the variations thus obtained, horizontal polarization ellipses are drawn for four events of 49.5-min period. The variation of the demodulates and polarization ellipses at the stations shows a regional character which coincides with the physiographic grouping of the stations. Anomalously large Z variations are observed at the equatorial stations, which are near the sea. A distinct feature is the suppression of H at Trivandrum where the polarization ellipses confirm the E-W trend of the induced currents in this region. The overall similarity of the horizontal variations is demonstrated by these ellipses. Horizontal disturbance vectors at Annamalainagar, Trivandrum and Sabhawala confirm channelled currents located previously. At Shillong, the induced effects are evident and the currents are deduced to flow eastward, directly beneath the station.The overall regional similarities in variations are clearly manifested. 相似文献
16.
Karel Prikner Jaroslay Střeštík Karel Dobeš Reviewer M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1973,17(4):337-345
Summary Using the method of two-component spectral analysis of planar oscillation events by means of computer processing of A-t records, a series of about 100 samples of geomagnetic beating-type pulsations pc3 was treated. The quantitative data obtained on the internal structure of the pulsations (frequency spectra and polarization characteristics) were treated statistically. The pattern of the daily variations of the frequencies and amplitudes of the fundamental amplitude-dominating frequency components of the pulsations and the daily variations of the polarization characteristics of these components, the ellipticity of the polarization ellipses, the directions of the main axes of these ellipses and the sense of rotation of the disturbance vector along the ellipses were obtained.A part of the results was reported at the XVth General Assembly of the IUGG, Moscow, August 1971. 相似文献
17.
The center-to-center method of strain analysis can be used to estimate flow lineation in high-silica ash-flow tuffs. It can be used as an alternative or supplement to other techniques for flow lineation identification, such as the examination of flow textures in thin sections and the measurement of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. The center-to-center method is a modification of a technique described by Fry (1979) and by Ramsay and Huber (1983) for determination of finite strain based on the spacing of particles within a deformed rock. In the present study, application of the method to an anticlustered array of phenocrysts in the flattening plane of an ash-flow tuff produces an ellipse with center to edge distances representative of the minimum distance between centers of phenocrysts in all directions within the flattening plane. The long axis of the ellipse corresponds to the maximum axis of finite strain; this direction is suggested to correspond to the flow lineation. The orientation of the stretching lineation was chosen both by eye and by least-squares analysis from center-to-center plots. The calculated orientation of the long ellipse axis can be varied by choice of a maximum distance between digitized objects which are included in the calculation. Comparison is made between late-stage flow lineations identified using the center-to-center method, and the AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) method on samples of the high-silica Oligocene Bloodgood Canyon Tuff from the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field of southwestern New Mexico. Flow lineations based on center-to-center analyses of flattening plane-parallel rock slabs and thin sections agree well with AMS-derived flow lineations on most samples from which high-quality AMS lineations were obtained. Center-to-center analuses from flattening plane-perpendicular, lineation-parallel planes of ash-flow tuff produce ellipses inclined from 15° to 85° to the flattening plane, despite compaction of the ash, which should cause angles of inclination to be very low. The inclined ellipses may result from heterogeneities in grain size and distribution of phenocrysts in vertical sections of tuff, or from fragmentation of phenocrysts which occurred during the final stages of emplacement and compression. Center-to-center analyses on rock slabs rather than thin sections helps to avoid the effects of either textural heterogeneity and fragmentation of phenocrysts. With flow lineation identified by center-to-center analysis, petrographic examination of thin sections cut perpendicular to the flattening plane and parallel to the flow lineation allow for the identification of flow direction. 相似文献
18.
水轮机流道压力脉动诱发厂房振动分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水轮机压力脉动是引起厂房内源振动的主要诱因,如何在振动系统中合理、准确地施加水力荷载的振源特性,是目前机组振动分析的主要难点.文中将压力脉动假定为简谐荷载,通过跟踪楼板的振动变化和共振校核确定机组的振源特性,采用有限元法精细模拟了水轮机流道压力脉动诱发的厂房振动问题,并结合电站特点提出振动控制标准的建议值,由此对振动进... 相似文献
19.
A local approximation method based on piecewise sinusoidal models has been proposed in order to study the frequency and amplitude characteristics of geomagnetic pulsations registered at a network of magnetic observatories. It has been established that synchronous variations in the geomagnetic pulsation frequency in the specified frequency band can be studied with the use of calculations performed according to this method. The method was used to analyze the spectral–time structure of Pc3 geomagnetic pulsations registered at the network of equatorial observatories. Local approximation variants have been formed for single-channel and multichannel cases of estimating the geomagnetic pulsation frequency and amplitude, which made it possible to decrease estimation errors via filtering with moving weighted averaging. 相似文献
20.
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