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（一） 在電測井的時候,工業交流電常常由於線路中存在漏電現象或感應现象而進入测量線路,有時还經過線间電容或由MN電極而進入測量線路。工業交流電的頻率一般是50週或60週,頻率已經相當高了,對電測電流計來說已超過其頻率響應範圍,不會影響测量結果。但是在作電阻法測井（KC）時,由於線 相似文献
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在大地测量中,很多的計算工作是在平面上進行的;例如,我们在計算三角锁或三角網上各點的坐標時,我們首先將起始边投影到平面之上,再將其他各边的方位經过改正,歸算成平面方向,这樣就構成了平面的三角鎖或綱;經过平差及三角形的解算,最後就直接得到平面坐標。这种計算方法较之正規的計算方法,即在橢球面上進行平差、三角形解算以及經緯度推算,最後再將所得經緯度换算成平面坐標,不但可 相似文献
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半世紀來,水文学在發展的过程中已進入了定量分析的途徑;工程師們曾用各种經驗性的方法依據降水的资料推演河槽裹水流的現象,以应各种工程建設对於水文分析的要求。但是对於降水集流的过程始終祇有一些零星、片面的数值分析,没有一套完整的理論系統,因此阻碍着水文学在理論与应用方面的發展。作者曾用流体力学的分析法初步建立了降水集流的理論系統,把降水集流的过程分為三個階段:雨降地面逕流的產生、地面流、槽流之滙集,分别予以分析。本文便是其中第一階段,亦即最基本水文現象的分析。这些建立了的理論可以用為指導各种水文分析的南針,用為評論各种水文計算法的依據,並可用以創造一种近似而合理的方法,从降水資料推算逕流資料。本文中作者貢献一套理論,以分析地面點上降雨產生逕流的过程,揭發了基本水文現象的本質,最後並列舉实例的計算。早年郝登（R.E.Horton）曾依據郝納（W.W.Homer）的地面流实驗資料建立了一套在小地域內降水和逕流關係之理論,其後学者們根據他的理論和方法,用人工降雨法或流域資料实測法來確定降水和逕流間的關係。郝登的分析並没有从準確的動力学观點出發。在实際分析中發生了欠缺理論基礎的根本問題。这方面作者持着不同的意見。本文中根據作者的理論指出了郝登分析法的癥結所在,並估計了人工降雨实驗法的实用價值之限度。波達闊夫曾建議暴雨逕流之一种計算法,引起了苏联学者的廣泛討論,很多人持有不同的意見。作者於文中指出了波氏等方法發生問題的症結所在;並用实例計算和作者的方法比較,說明了波氏法在实用中的準確限度。 相似文献
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本文詳細地介紹了武汉采用的交点相关法和十点相关法的理論基础和具体計算方法,并与Philtips和spcncer的相关法（PS法）及Yerg的六点相关法进行了比較。正如理論上所預期到的,武汉的实驗表明:交点法提供的参量最多,也最精确可靠,但計算量与PS法的差不多;十点法提供的参量与交点法的一样多,精确性不此PS法的低,然而計算量比PS法的少得多,与六点法的差不多。文中还討論了利用时移图上曲直线,以进一步提高十点法的精确性,以及在相关分析中采用結构函数和后效函数,以进一步簡化計算的可能性。本文还初步討論了各种相关分析法的誤差間題;并提出了相关函数值在时空上的預报方法,以及根据相关函数的預报值与实測值的对此等,判别在記录分析中有无反常現象,和甄別所求出的参量值是否可疑的方法。最后还特別指出了电离层混乱运动变化速度出現虛数值的可能性,并介紹了消除这种虛数值的方法。 相似文献
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本文探討了Gotz逆轉效应中,单色天頂散射光强I3112（?）的有效散射高度hE的上升过程。首先从理論上証明:hE并非沿高度連續的上升,而是跳跃上升的。然后用实际观測数据的計算,証实了理論結果。由此并指出,由于hE的跳跃,那么在应用逆轉效应,建立測定大气臭氧垂直分布方法时,如果将大气分层較多,那么可能在臭氧层中下部所得的結果,是不唯一的。基于上述結果,进一步研究了方法B,发現目前国际上通用的,由Ramanathan与Davo所給出的逆轉方法B的解是不唯的。这些解之間有着亘大的差异。因此以該方法計算出的各层臭氧含量,并不能肯定大气臭氧的垂直分布情况。 相似文献
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A simple analytical solution is developed for computing the dynamic interaction tensor for floating pile groups with batter piles. For this purpose, the governing differential equations are derived for an unloaded batter floating pile closely spaced to another loaded pile with the same properties. The reaction of soil against pile deformation is modeled by the springs and dashpots along the length of the pile. The soil is assumed linear viscous elastic and the pile behavior is linear elastic. The closed form solutions of governing equations are obtained using appropriate boundary conditions. The results are verified and compared with rigorous and approximate analytical solutions for vertical piles. The proposed method can be readily applied by engineers in the design of pile groups with batter piles. 相似文献
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An approximate method is proposed for evaluation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of uniform asymmetric wall-frame structures. An exact solution is first given for the case in which the coefficient matrix of the dynamic equilibrium equations satisfies certain conditions. Using perturbation analysis, the method is then applied to the more general case in which these conditions are only approximately satisfied. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the technique. 相似文献
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Starting with the governing equations of motion and the constitutive equations of transversely isotropic elastic body, and based on the corresponding algebraic operations and the Hankel transform, the analytical layer-elements of a finite layer and a half-space are obtained in the transformed domain. According to the continuity conditions between adjacent layers, the global stiffness matrix equation is obtained by assembling the analytical layer-element of each single layer. The solutions in the transformed domain are acquired by introducing the boundary conditions into the global stiffness matrix equation, and thus, the corresponding solutions in frequency domain are achieved by taking the inversion of Hankel transform. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method, and to study the influence of properties and the frequency of excitation on the dynamic response of the medium. 相似文献
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An approximate absorption correction is proposed that can be applied retroactively to the response of a perfectly elastic medium, not decomposed into elementary waves, for example in the finite-difference method. As the duration of excitation decreases, the approximate correction approaches the exact, and becomes quite exact for impulsive excitation. The correction makes use of the perfectly elastic response and dissipation operator, but their relation is not simply convolutory. The method is restricted to a spatially constant Q with an arbitrary power-law frequency dependence. The advantage of the approximate solutions, as compared to the exact, in which the absorption is included in the equation of motion, is in a considerable saving of computer time if several absorption models (or several Q values) are repeatedly applied to the same structure. The simplest computations are for Q linearly dependent of the frequency, where the absorption correction reduces to an exponential time windowing. 相似文献
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Both approximate and exact formulations for the interaction of an incident elastic wave with a cased borehole are presented. In the approximate method, simple and explicit formulae are derived for the pressure in fluid at low frequencies. In the exact method, elastic potentials in each annulus are represented as a superposition of fundamental solutions to the Helmholtz equations. Continuity of displacements and stresses across layer boundaries are used to determine unknown coefficients. A global matrix algorithm is employed to compute simultaneously these coefficients in individual layers. Calculations show that, in cased boreholes, the borehole effects on downhole seismic measurements are more significant than in open boreholes. A strong resonance occurs in the fluid for SV-wave incidence from a soft formation. This resonance is prominent even at very high frequencies because the tube-wave velocity is raised well above the formation shear velocity by the steel pipe. At a particular angle of incidence of a plane P-wave, the pressure in the fluid is near zero at low frequencies (the cased borehole screening phenomenon). For hard formations and frequencies above 1 kHz, the cased borehole influence on a downhole geophone measurement is significant, especially at grazing incidence. For soft formations, both the pressure in the fluid and the solid displacement on the borehole wall show strong dependence on frequency and angle of incidence, even at low frequencies. 相似文献
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根据平截面假定,考虑超高桥墩大位移变形产生的几何非线性影响,建立超高桥墩的振动控制微分方程,利用变步长的龙格-库塔法进行求解,结合B-R运动判定准则,对超高桥墩在地震作用下的动力失稳机理进行研究。理论分析表明,超高桥墩的动力失稳与桥墩的几何尺寸、质量分布、边界条件有密切关系;桥墩动力失稳时刻随地震波加速度峰值的增大而减小;失稳时刻与失稳加速度荷载有对应关系。算例结果表明:本文方法正确,利用本文理论能够准确计算超高桥墩的失稳时刻及失稳加速度,对超高桥墩动力失稳的理论分析及工程实践有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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Summary An approximate absorption correction is proposed that can be applied retroactively to the response of a perfectly elastic medium, not decomposed into elementary waves, for example in the finite-difference method. As the duration of excitation decreases, the approximate correction approaches the exact, and becomes quite exact for impulsive excitation. The correction makes use of the perfectly elastic response and dissipation operator, but their relation is not simply convolutory. The method is restricted to a spatially constant Q with an arbitrary power-law frequency dependence. The advantage of the approximate solutions, as compared to the exact, in which the absorption is included in the equation of motion, is in a considerable saving of computer time if several absorption models (or several Q values) are repeatedly applied to the same structure. The simplest computations are for Q linearly dependent of the frequency, where the absorption correction reduces to an exponential time windowing. 相似文献
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根据弹性薄板理论和振动理论,运用边界元法(BEM)分析了薄板弯曲自由振动的频率特性,从薄板自由振动的微分方程式出发,采用动态基本解推导出其相应的边界积分方程式,计算中对边界积分方程进行缩减,应用频率扫描的方法研究薄板的动态特性,准确、有效地得到了其相应的固有频率、给出的数值算例证明了本文的方法简单、可行,且具有良好的解析计算精度。 相似文献
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活动支座摩擦力对简支梁桥地震反应的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文介绍在地震作用下活动支座摩擦力简支梁桥桥墩内力和活动支座外墩,梁相对位 影响,以及水平地震系数,摩擦系数变化对固定支座水平地震荷载的影响。文中建议了考察活动以座摩擦力的简支梁桥整体分析模型。 相似文献
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In this paper, the vibratory characteristics of a rectangular plate in contact with water on one side are studied. The elastic plate is considered to be a part of a vertical rectangular rigid wall in contact with water, the edges of which are elastically restrained and parallel to those of the rigid wall. The location and size of the plate on the rigid wall may vary arbitrarily. The water with a free surface is in a rectangular domain infinite in the length direction. The effects of free surface waves, compressibility of the water and the hydrostatic water pressure are neglected in the analysis. An analytical‐Ritz method is developed to analyse the interaction of the plate–water system. First of all, by using the method of separation of variables and the method of Fourier series expansion, the exact expression of the motion of water is derived in the form of integral equations including the dynamic deformation of the plate. Then the Rayleigh–Ritz approach is used to derive the eigenfrequency equation of the system via the variational principle of energy. By selecting beam vibrating functions as the admissible functions of the plate, the added virtual mass incremental (AVMI) matrices for plate vibration are obtained. The convergency studies are carried out. The effects of some parameters such as the depth and width of water, the support stiffnesses, location and aspect ratio of the plate and the plate–water size and density ratios on the eigenfrequencies of the plate–water system are investigated. Several numerical examples are given. The validity of AVMI factor approach is also confirmed by comparing the AVMI factor solutions with the analytical‐Ritz solutions. The results show that the approach presented here can also be used as excellent approximate solutions for rectangular plates in contact with water of infinite width and/or infinite depth. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献