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1.
可可西里盆地早渐新世雅西措群沉积环境分析及古气候意义 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
可可西里盆地是青藏高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地,第三纪沉积地层包括早始新世 -早渐新世风火山群、早渐新世雅西措群、早中新世五道梁群。其中,雅西措群为紫红色、砖红色泥岩、含膏泥岩与紫红色粉砂岩、细砂岩韵律互层,夹白色石膏薄层和石膏结核层,沉积厚度为 6 70.0m,沉积环境主要由河流和湖泊环境组成,并以湖泊环境为主,古水流方向反映盆地沉积中心逐渐向东向北迁移。雅西措群中石膏层的突然大量出现发生在底部地层距今约32.0Ma,体现了渐新世最早期的全球变冷变干事件在青藏高原北部的记录。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
沱沱河盆地保存着青藏高原内部至今发现最完整的渐新世至中新世连续沉积记录,由渐新世雅西措群(31.3～23.8Ma)和早中新世五道梁群(23.8～21.8Ma)组成,总厚度2393m。雅西措群主要为紫红色、砖红色砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩韵律互层,五道梁群为一套内陆湖泊相泥灰岩、内碎屑灰岩和叠层石灰岩沉积。沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境经历了3个阶段的演化:(1)早渐新世,以河流环境为主,古水流以北向为主,反映古气候条件比较干燥;(2)中晚渐新世,以湖泊环境为主,古水流以东北向为主,古气候条件相对温暖潮湿;(3)晚渐新世至早中新世,主要为湖泊环境,古水流转为南向,沉积岩性由雅西措群项部的砂泥岩互层为主转变为五道梁群的泥灰岩为主,反映当时的物源区发生重大转变,构造活动趋于稳定,古气候条件由温暖潮湿转为干燥。沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世气候和构造活动历史对于研究青藏高原早期隆升作用和全球气候变化都有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
青藏高原沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
沱沱河盆地保存着青藏高原内部至今发现最完整的渐新世至中新世连续沉积记录,由渐新世雅西措群(31.3～23.8 Ma)和早中新世五道梁群(23.8～21.8 Ma)组成,总厚度2 393 m.雅西措群主要为紫红色、砖红色砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩韵律互层,五道梁群为一套内陆湖泊相泥灰岩、内碎屑灰岩和叠层石灰岩沉积.沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世沉积环境经历了3个阶段的演化:(1)早渐新世,以河流环境为主,古水流以北向为主,反映古气候条件比较干燥;(2)中晚渐新世,以湖泊环境为主,古水流以东北向为主,古气候条件相对温暖潮湿;(3)晚渐新世至早中新世,主要为湖泊环境,古水流转为南向,沉积岩性由雅西措群项部的砂泥岩互层为主转变为五道梁群的泥灰岩为主,反映当时的物源区发生重大转变,构造活动趋于稳定,古气候条件由温暖潮湿转为干燥.沱沱河盆地渐新-中新世气候和构造活动历史对于研究青藏高原早期隆升作用和全球气候变化都有重要意义. 相似文献
4.
风火山盆地古近纪和新近纪沉积包括下部连续沉积的早始新世—早渐新世风火山群和早渐新世雅西措群,以及不整合其上的早中新世五道梁群。风火山地区的砂岩铜矿全部产于风火山群1岩组的灰(绿)色砂岩层中。采自风火山群1岩组含矿层和非含矿层中的3个磷灰石样品,分别获得了(22.5±2.3)Ma、(33.1±6.0)Ma和(28.0±3.6)Ma的裂变径迹年龄数据。其中33.1～28.0 Ma代表了该地区砂岩铜矿的成矿年龄.22.5 Ma则代表了成矿后构造热事件的年龄。风火山砂岩铜矿的成矿年龄处在其上覆的雅西措群沉积年龄范围内.显示砂岩铜矿是盆地早期沉积物压实脱水流体的产物。 相似文献
5.
藏北可可西里盆地老第三纪沉积物源区分析及其高原隆升意义 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
可可西里盆地位于昆仑山和唐古拉山之间 ,是青藏高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地 ,对于研究青藏高原早期隆升和地壳短缩过程具有重要作用 .盆地保存的始新世—渐新世早期风火山群和雅西措群主要由碎屑岩和泥岩组成 ,厚度为 5 45 2 .8m .碎屑岩的物源区分析表明 ,风火山群主要来自于南部的唐古拉造山带二叠—三叠纪地层 ,而雅西措群主要来自于南部的唐古拉、白日榨加和黑石山 -高山造山带 ,剥蚀深度加大至石炭—二叠纪地层 .它们的沉积演化过程是盆地南部造山带老第三纪构造隆升持续加强的结果 ,表明在雅西措群沉积时期青藏高原北部已经隆升至一定的高度 . 相似文献
6.
广西凭祥中三叠世盆地沉积特征与构造属性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
凭祥中三叠世盆地位于印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的缝合带内,记录了沿华南地块南缘展布的古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合、印支地块与华南地块碰撞拼合的过程。本文通过大比例尺实测地质剖面,详细测量了凭祥盆地沉积相序及其组合变化,分析了不同相序的沉积环境及其物源,并探讨了盆地构造属性。结果表明,凭祥盆地主要充填有深水盆地相、浊积扇相和三角洲相等不同环境的沉积物。中三叠世期间盆地呈现为一系列因碰撞拼合作用形成的构造高地间夹深谷的岩相古地理面貌。深水盆地相以发育大套深灰色泥页岩和裹夹碎屑流沉积为特征,碎屑流沉积发育于构造高地陡坡一侧。浊积扇相以发育槽模、正粒序、爬升波纹层理、包卷层理、双向交错层理、透镜状层理、平行层理为特征。三角洲相以发育大型板状交错层理、潮沟、厚层透镜状砂体和砖红色泥岩为特征,类似发育于俯冲汇聚环境下的牙买加型扇三角洲,可能发育于构造高地缓坡一侧。沉积作用分析表明,主要存在碎屑流、浊流等重力流作用,并识别出底流作用。古水流分析表明存在向南和向北两个方向的物质搬运。岩相学特征表明盆地砂岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,物源为再旋回造山带或碰撞造山带。本文研究结果认为：凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆俯冲闭合而被强烈改造的残余弧前盆地,时空上与之相配套是北泗组岛弧型流纹斑岩。该弧盆系统可能于晚二叠世末开始发育,中三叠世末结束沉积充填,暗示印支地块和华南地块最终于中三叠世碰撞拼合。 相似文献
7.
8.
可可西里盆地位于昆仑山和唐古拉山之间，是青藏高原腹地最大的第三纪沉积盆地，对于研究青藏高原早期隆升和地壳短缩过程具有重要作用，盆地保存的始新世－渐新世早期风火山群和雅西措群主要由碎屑岩和泥岩组成，厚度为5452．8,碎屑岩的物源区分析表明，风火山群主要来自于南部的唐古拉造山带二叠－三叠纪地层，而雅西措群主要来自于南部的唐古拉、白日榨加和黑石山－高山造山带，剥蚀深度加大至石炭－二叠纪地层，它们的同积演化过程是盆地南部造山带老第三纪构造隆升持续加强的结果，表明在雅西措群沉积时期青藏高原北部已经隆升至一定的高度。 相似文献
9.
西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地规模最大的富油气凹陷。然而,西湖凹陷渐新世沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。本文以井、震为基础,岩心为核心,结合地球化学指标,通过泥岩甾烷与自生海绿石的特征,明确了渐新世西湖凹陷南部整体处于海陆交互的过渡环境,且发生5次主要的海侵事件。西湖凹陷南部渐新统以厚层砂岩与薄层泥岩互层为特征,发育典型的双向交错层理、双黏土层、透镜状层理及泥质披覆,共识别出4种主要的岩相类型: 含泥砾块状中粗粒砂岩相、交错层理中细粒砂岩相、沙纹层理粉细砂岩相、纹层状泥岩相。渐新世,西湖凹陷南部主要发育潮控河口湾体系,其中包括潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、沙质潮坪及泥质潮坪等多个沉积微相,其沉积地形在SW向逐渐变为开阔的展布特征,说明研究区河流供源来自东北部,而潮汐水流来自西南部。渐新世西湖凹陷南部与开阔海连通,受到海侵作用下潮汐水流的强烈改造,且由于地形坡度较缓,无大规模的河流携带碎屑物质注入,易形成潮汐作用为主的河口湾体系。 相似文献
10.
《古地理学报》2018,(6)
西湖凹陷位于东海陆架盆地东部坳陷带,是该盆地规模最大的富油气凹陷。然而,西湖凹陷渐新世沉积环境与沉积体系类型一直存在较大争议。本文以井、震为基础,岩心为核心,结合地球化学指标,通过泥岩甾烷与自生海绿石的特征,明确了渐新世西湖凹陷南部整体处于海陆交互的过渡环境,且发生5次主要的海侵事件。西湖凹陷南部渐新统以厚层砂岩与薄层泥岩互层为特征,发育典型的双向交错层理、双黏土层、透镜状层理及泥质披覆,共识别出4种主要的岩相类型:含泥砾块状中粗粒砂岩相、交错层理中细粒砂岩相、沙纹层理粉细砂岩相、纹层状泥岩相。渐新世,西湖凹陷南部主要发育潮控河口湾体系,其中包括潮汐水道、潮汐沙坝、沙质潮坪及泥质潮坪等多个沉积微相,其沉积地形在SW向逐渐变为开阔的展布特征,说明研究区河流供源来自东北部,而潮汐水流来自西南部。渐新世西湖凹陷南部与开阔海连通,受到海侵作用下潮汐水流的强烈改造,且由于地形坡度较缓,无大规模的河流携带碎屑物质注入,易形成潮汐作用为主的河口湾体系。 相似文献
11.
Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination is most commonly deposited by turbidity currents when suspended load fallout and bedload transport occur contemporaneously. The angle of ripple climb reflects the ratio of suspended load fallout and bedload sedimentation rates, allowing for the calculation of the flow properties and durations of turbidity currents. Three areas exhibiting thick (>50 m) sections of deep‐water climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination deposits are the focus of this study: (i) the Miocene upper Mount Messenger Formation in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand; (ii) the Permian Skoorsteenberg Formation in the Tanqua depocentre of the Karoo Basin, South Africa; and (iii) the lower Pleistocene Magnolia Field in the Titan Basin, Gulf of Mexico. Facies distributions and local contextual information indicate that climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in each area was deposited in an ‘off‐axis’ setting where flows were expanding due to loss of confinement or a decrease in slope gradient. The resultant reduction in flow thickness, Reynolds number, shear stress and capacity promoted suspension fallout and thus climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination formation. Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in the New Zealand study area was deposited both outside of and within channels at an inferred break in slope, where flows were decelerating and expanding. In the South Africa study area, climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination was deposited due to a loss of flow confinement. In the Magnolia study area, an abrupt decrease in gradient near a basin sill caused flow deceleration and climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination deposition in off‐axis settings. Sedimentation rate and accumulation time were calculated for 44 climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination sedimentation units from the three areas using TDURE, a mathematical model developed by Baas et al. (2000) . For Tc divisions and Tbc beds averaging 26 cm and 37 cm thick, respectively, average climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination and whole bed sedimentation rates were 0·15 mm sec?1 and 0·26 mm sec?1 and average accumulation times were 27 min and 35 min, respectively. In some instances, distinct stratigraphic trends of sedimentation rate give insight into the evolution of the depositional environment. Climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination in the three study areas is developed in very fine‐grained to fine‐grained sand, suggesting a grain size dependence on turbidite climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination formation. Indeed, the calculated sedimentation rates correlate well with the rate of sedimentation due to hindered settling of very fine‐grained and fine‐grained sand–water suspensions at concentrations of up to 20% and 2·5%, respectively. For coarser grains, hindered settling rates at all concentrations are much too high to form climbing‐ripple cross‐lamination, resulting in the formation of massive/structureless S3 or Ta divisions. 相似文献
12.
Facies analysis and depositional systems of Cenozoic sediments in the Hoh Xil basin, northern Tibet 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A sedimentary succession more than 5800 m thick, including the Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene Fenghuoshan Group, the Lower Oligocene Yaxicuo Group, and the Lower Miocene Wudaoliang Group, is widely distributed in the Hoh Xil piggyback basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan plateau. The strata of the Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups have undergone strong deformation, whereas only minor tilting has occurred in the Wudaoliang Group. We analyze their sedimentary facies and depositional systems to help characterize continental collision and early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The results indicate fluvial, lacustrine, and fan-delta facies for the Fenghuoshan Group, fluvial and lacustrine facies for the Yaxicuo Group, and lacustrine facies for the Wudaoliang Group. Development of the Hoh Xil basin underwent three stages: (1) the Fenghuoshan Group was deposited mainly in the Fenghuoshan-Hantaishan sub-basin between 56.0 and 31.8 Ma ago; (2) the Yaxicuo Group was deposited mainly in the Wudaoliang and Zhuolai Lake sub-basins between 31.8 and 30.0 Ma ago; and (3) the Wudaoliang Group was deposited throughout the entire Hoh Xil basin during the Early Miocene. The Fenghuoshan and Yaxicuo groups were deposited in piggyback basins during the Early Eocene to Early Oligocene, whereas the Wudaoliang Group was deposited in a relatively stable large lake. The Hoh Xil basin underwent two periods of strong north–south shortening, which could have been produced by the collision between India and Asia and the early uplift of the Tibetan plateau. The study suggests the Hoh Xil region could reach a high elevation during the Late Oligocene and the diachronous uplift history for the Tibetan plateau from east to west. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2002,20(3):211-223
The Hoh Xil Basin is the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. Tertiary sedimentary strata 5.8 km thick, comprising the Fenghuoshan, Yaxicuo and Wudaoliang groups, provide compelling evidence concerning the crustal shortening, erosion and peneplanation of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The basal Fenghuoshan and overlying Yaxicuo groups span the Eocene-Early Oligocene stratigraphically, and have been dated by magnetostratigraphy as 56–30 Ma old. Both groups are composed of terrigenous rocks. Provenance analysis of sandstones and conglomerates demonstrates that Permian and Triassic strata in the Tanggula Orogenic Zone in the south were the source for the Fenghuoshan Group. In contrast, the Carboniferous–Triassic strata in the Tanggula, Bairizhajia, and Heishishan-Gaoshan orogenic zones in the north, were the source for the Yaxicuo Group.During the Late Oligocene, northern Tibet underwent strong north–south crustal shortening (∼43%) and thickening. Extensive erosion, which occurred over the entire plateau surface near the end of the Oligocene, resulted in development of a peneplain surface. The latter is overlain by the Early Miocene Wudaoliang Group, composed of fresh water limestones. These are exposed both on summit surfaces, as well as on the valley floors, showing that a phase of differential uplift occurred after the deposition of the Wudaoliang Group. This post-Miocene differential uplift was due to regional extension, in a region of overall shortening. Even though we have not succeeded in obtaining conclusive data about the exact timing of phases of rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, it is most likely that the major phase of uplift occurred during the Late Oligocene. 相似文献
14.
对采自青藏高原北部渐新统雅西措组中的叠层石样品进行了研究,通过切面观察和薄片鉴定,确定这些叠层石具有典型的富藻生物纹层和富屑碎屑纹层交替的显微结构特征,纹层生长带呈阶段式波状和柱状产出。采用样品数字图像的灰度值作为计量纹层个数和纹层厚度变化的指标,提取了4件样品的显微纹层厚度变化序列。根据功率谱分析结果,认为叠层石纹层层偶为年际生长纹层,纹层层偶的厚度变化与太阳黑子活动的11年天文周期具有一定的联系,提出湖相环境中叠层石的生长节律记录了太阳活动驱动的气候与环境变化的信息。 相似文献
15.
JEAN‐FRANÇOIS GHIENNE FLAVIA GIRARD JULIEN MOREAU JEAN‐LOUP RUBINO 《Sedimentology》2010,57(5):1175-1198
Climbing dune‐scale cross‐statification is described from Late Ordovician paraglacial successions of the Murzuq Basin (SW Libya). This depositional facies is comprised of medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstones that typically involve 0·3 to 1 m high, 3 to 5 m in wavelength, asymmetrical laminations. Most often stoss‐depositional structures have been generated, with preservation of the topographies of formative bedforms. Climbing‐dune cross‐stratification related to the migration of lower‐flow regime dune trains is thus identified. Related architecture and facies sequences are described from two case studies: (i) erosion‐based sandstone sheets; and (ii) a deeply incised channel. The former characterized the distal outwash plain and the fluvial/subaqueous transition of related deltaic wedges, while the latter formed in an ice‐proximal segment of the outwash plain. In erosion‐based sand sheets, climbing‐dune cross‐stratification results from unconfined mouth‐bar deposition related to expanding, sediment‐laden flows entering a water body. Within incised channels, climbing‐dune cross‐stratification formed over eddy‐related side bars reflecting deposition under recirculating flow conditions generated at channel bends. Associated facies sequences record glacier outburst floods that occurred during early stages of deglaciation and were temporally and spatially linked with subglacial drainage events involving tunnel valleys. The primary control on the formation of climbing‐dune cross‐stratification is a combination between high‐magnitude flows and sediment supply limitations, which lead to the generation of sediment‐charged stream flows characterized by a significant, relatively coarse‐grained, sand‐sized suspension‐load concentration, with a virtual absence of very coarse to gravelly bedload. The high rate of coarse‐grained sand fallout in sediment‐laden flows following flow expansion throughout mouth bars or in eddy‐related side bars resulted in high rates of transfer of sands from suspension to the bed, net deposition on bedform stoss‐sides and generation of widespread climbing‐dune cross‐stratification. The later structure has no equivalent in the glacial record, either in the ancient or in the Quaternary literature, but analogues are recognized in some flood‐dominated depositional systems of foreland basins. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原北部渐新统雅西措组湖相地层中的叠层石,具有典型的毫米级暗色富有机质纹层与浅色富碎屑纹层交替的生长节律,纹层形态呈穹窿状产出。为了探索湖湘叠层石纹层的成因和时间意义,我们采用激光微区采样技术分别对单个暗色纹层和浅色纹层进行了碳氧同位素分析。结果表明,每一个共轭纹层对中,暗色纹层相对于浅色纹层明显富集δ18O和δ13C,而且δ18O和δ13C之间具有正向变化关系,即δ18O和δ13C显示同步亏损和富集,反映季节性气候变化是影响纹层同位素信号周期性波动的主要因素,支持叠层石的对偶纹层为年纹层成因,它可以为气候和环境变化研究提供一种高分辨率地质材料。 相似文献
17.
Deposition of climbing-ripple beds: a flume simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thirteen runs were made in a small recirculating flume to simulate the deposition of the climbing-ripple sequences commonly present in fine-grained facies of fluvial and deltaic deposits. These sequences consist of intergradational climbing-ripple cross laminae and draped laminae. The experiments were based on the assumption that stratification type depends mainly on near-bottom flow structure and uniform sediment fallout from an overloaded flow. Various combinations of curves of velocity versus time and of sediment feed versus time in runs lasting from 45 to 840 min were used in an exploratory program; conditions for each run were selected on the basis of experience in previous runs. The runs verified that Type A (erosional-stoss) climbing ripples are produced by aggradation rates that are small relative to ripple migration rate, and Type B (depositional-stoss) climbing ripples are produced by aggradation rates that are large relative to ripple migration rate. Draped lamination results from continued fallout of sediment from suspension after ripple migration ceases or almost ceases. Comparison of geometric details of the ripple stratification produced in the flume runs with that in natural sequences, supplemented by considerations on maximum and minimum migration rates of ripples, suggests times of no more than a few tens of hours for the deposition of the climbing-ripple portions of sequences 10-20 cm thick. Runs in which deposition of a 20 cm sequence took more than 10 h produced such atypical features of ripple geometry as sharp crests, planar lee-side laminae, and angular toeset-foreset contacts. 相似文献
18.
Paleoclimate Changes during the Early Oligocene in the Hoh Xil Region, Northern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alain TRENTESAUX 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(4)
Sedimentological, cyclic-stratigraphic, paleomagnetic, and clay-mineralogical studies on the early Oligocene Yaxicuo Group in the Hoh Xil Basin, the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, provide abundant information of paleoclimate changes. A 350-m thick section in the middle-lower Yaxicuo Group was analyzed to reveal the climatic history that occurred in the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene interval 31.30-30.35 Ma, dated with the paleomagnetic chronostratigraphy. The results indicate that arid and cold climate dominated the Hoh Xil region during the early Oligocene in general, being related to the global cooling and drying events that occurred in the earliest Oligocene. Within this period, relatively warm and wet climate accompanied by strong tectonic activity occurred in the 31.05-30.75 Ma interval; while arid and cold climate and relatively inactive tectonics occurred in the 31.30-31.05 and 30.75-30.35 Ma intervals. Furthermore, spectral analyses of hig 相似文献