共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
太湖人湖河道沉积物中生物利用磷和营养水平分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解太湖入湖河道的营养状况,研究了太湖西部河流沉积物生物利用磷的组成与分布。研究结果显示,北部沉积物中营养元素较高,南部较低;沉积物中生物利用磷的含量次序为藻类可利用磷（AAP）〉NaHC03提取磷（0LP）〉水溶性磷（WSP）易解吸磷（RDP）,其中AAP是重要的生物利用磷,AAP的比例越高,富营养化程度越高。AAP与营养元素的相关性在不同区域河道有所不同,北部河道与总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）相关性较好,中部和南部河道与沉积物有机质总量（TOM）相关性较好。沉积物的生物利用磷受不同污染源影响较大。对比河道沉积物与湖泊沉积物的特征,发现湖泊沉积物中生物利用磷（BAP）／总磷（TP）、藻类可利用磷（AAP）／总磷（TP）都高于河道沉积物,表明湖泊沉积物中的磷更容易被植物吸收。 相似文献
2.
长江中下游不同类型湖泊沉积物营养盐 蓄积变化过程及其原因分析* 总被引：7，自引：10，他引：7
在长江中下游的洪湖、太湖、巢湖采集了沉积柱样,测定了总有机碳、总氮、磷,并采用210 Pb和137 Cs定年。洪湖1950年以来沉积物中营养元素急剧增加,巢湖在20世纪70年代以来营养元素开始增加,而在太湖中则为80年代。结果表明草型湖中有机质增加比藻型湖迅速,洪湖湖泊沉积物有机质迅速增加与围垦活动开始时间一致。沉积物中总磷的变化不如总有机碳、总氮的变化规律性明显。洪湖两钻孔总磷背景值为0.7~0.8g/kg,太湖钻孔其总磷本底为0.6g/kg,梅梁湾大量钻孔表明总磷本底在0.5g/kg;巢湖的则更低。对比湖泊类型来看,目前为藻型湖的沉积本底磷偏低,而目前为草型湖的沉积本底磷偏高,这可能与不同生态类型湖泊营养元素的生物地球化学循环与积累的方式有关。 相似文献
3.
太湖及其主要入湖河流沉积磷形态分布研究 总被引：57，自引：6，他引：57
选择了我国第三大浅水湖泊--太湖及其主要入湖河流进行沉积磷形态的连续提取研究.太湖湖区沉积磷中不稳态磷(LP)及铝结合态磷(Al-P)含量很低,其余形态磷为铁结合态磷(Fe-P)＜钙结合态磷(Ca-P)＜有机磷(Org-P).河流沉积物中有机磷的相对含量高于湖泊沉积物,绝对含量平均值约为湖泊沉积物的3.9倍,铁结合态磷的绝对含量约为湖泊沉积物的3/4,湖区沉积物Fe-P含量与水体中PO3-4-、Chla呈显著正相关关系,同时与间隙水的氧化性呈显著负相关关系.太湖各湖区沉积物的磷形态表现为空间差异较大,活性组分的差异性要大于活性较差的组分.总的来说北部湖区沉积物中Fe-P和Org-P含量高于其他湖区,这与太湖北部湖区水体高营养级和藻类爆发关系密切.湖区沉积磷的垂直分布规律较复杂,既有随深度增加的,也有随深度降低的,河流沉积物同样如此.这与太湖及河流生态条件、污染物排放以及沉积动力学条件不同有关. 相似文献
4.
太湖大浦湖区近百年来湖泊记录的环境信息 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
通过对太湖TJ-2钻孔的137Cs、粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及化学元素等多指标综合分析,探讨了太湖大浦湖区近百年来的环境演变特征。研究结果表明,20世纪50年代以前,沉积物中大部分金属元素如Al、Mn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn与粘土含量具很好的相关性,相关系数在0.74～0.82之间。此阶段湖泊生产力不高,水环境较好,沉积物以较低的营养元素含量为特征。50—90年代,是太湖向现代湖泊环境转化的显著时期,湖区生产力大幅提高,人为活动对湖泊系统严重干扰,湖区迅速达到富营养化。在沉积物中表现为Fe/Mn值下降,有机碳、总氮、总磷与重金属元素急剧上升,且重金属元素变化明显不同于沉积物粒度及Al元素变化曲线。90年代以后,湖区一直持续着富营养化状态,富营养趋势渐缓,沉积物中粘土含量上升、营养元素稍降及重金属指标变化不明显的趋势很好地体现了这一特征。TJ-2钻孔显示的环境信息与湖泊实际环境监测结果基本一致。 相似文献
5.
采集了7组滇池近代沉积物柱芯,测定了其中总P(TP)、Fe、Al、Ca的含量,并首次获得了埋深大于25 cm的沉积物的不同形态磷的数据,分析了TP与不同形态磷的时空分布特征及TP与总Fe、Al、Ca含量的关系,探讨了滇池内源磷释放潜力的区域差异和制约因素。结果表明,自北向南,TP含量出现随深度先升高后降低的变化特征,各形态P之间的关系为:碎屑磷(DP)>有机磷(OP)≈铁结合态磷(Fe-P)>闭蓄态磷(Oc P)>钙结合态磷(Ca-P)>铝结合态磷(Al-P)>可交换态磷(SRP)。纵向上Fe-P随深度逐渐升高,Oc P逐渐降低,其它形态P的变化规律不明显;区域上TP、DP、OP、Fe-P、Ca-P和Al-P南部高于北部。在滇池南部DP通量较高的区域,TP与Fe、Al呈正相关关系,与Ca呈负相关关系,其它区域无相关性。分析表明,滇池南部内源磷的释放潜力大于中部和北部,而南部内源磷受DP输入的影响,风浪扰动对北部内源磷的释放有更强的抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
城市内陆型湖泊湿地对城市生态系统具有重要的作用。以武汉市武湖为例,采用数理统计、营养盐指数、地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数等方法,对武湖表层沉积物中的氮、磷、有机质和重金属的平面分布特征、影响因素、富集污染程度、生态风险进行评价。结果表明: 武湖西北部表层沉积物中总氮、总磷和有机质的含量明显高于东南部,武湖周边地表径流和农田是营养元素的主要来源,旱地较水田有利于沉积物中总磷的富集; 武湖沉积物中有机质为内源水生植物和外源陆生植物的混合来源,与总氮具显著正相关关系; 沉积物中重金属含量总体较低,局部呈现高镉,平面上总体北部高于南部; 沉积物中重金属富集程度和潜在风险较低,局部地区镉和铅为轻微富集,镉和汞具中等潜在风险; 沉积物的潜在生态风险为低至中等,潜在生态风险与沉积物中镉的分布高度一致。 相似文献
7.
洱海环境沉积学研究--表层沉积物营养盐与粒度分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南洱海表层沉积物营养盐与粒度分布的相互关系的研究结果表明 :湖泊水动力较弱的水域,TP、Fe_P、O_P与粘土矿物的相关性较好。而近岸水动力较大的水域,如河溪入湖处,有利于TN、TOC、氨氮、残留磷的富集,它们与碎屑矿物的相关性很好,如石英和方解石。另外,沉积物中粘土矿物越多,粒径越小,沉积物对磷的吸附作用就越强,在洱海这种类型的沉积物主要分布在远岸深水 -较深水的北部湖心。 相似文献
8.
滇池湖泊磷负荷及其对水环境的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
磷是滇池湖泊富营养化的限制性营养元素。滇池湖泊磷负荷来源一般可分为外环境发生源输入的磷负荷和内环境发生源输出的磷负荷两大类。累积在滇池湖泊内的磷,主要分布在水体与底部沉积物中,滇池湖泊水体中总磷浓度由北向南含量降低,底部沉积物中P2O5含量分布由北向南呈递增趋势。底部0-3m的沉积物P2O5含量由上至下呈明显递减趋势,表明滇池湖泊磷负荷逐年加重。近几年资料显示滇池湖泊单位面积磷负荷达1.52g/m2·a,超过总磷公认允许负荷量中危险值的11.7倍,滇池已成为富营养型湖泊。控制滇池富营养化,在解决入湖磷外负荷的同时,对湖泊底部沉积物中磷内负荷也应予以高度重视。 相似文献
9.
10.
不同干燥方式对湖泊沉积物磷提取的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以滇池5个典型区域表层沉积物为例,研究了自然风干、低温烘干和真空冻干等3种干燥方式对沉积物中磷的形态含量及其生物有效性测定的影响。结果表明：烘干、风干过程促进了沉积物有机磷的降解转化和微生物磷的释放,导致有机磷的含量偏低,总磷含量却比冻干高。各形态磷受不同干燥方式的影响程度不同,风干样品中BD-P较高,冻干样品中NaOH-rP含量最高,NH4Cl-P、HCl-P、残渣磷（Residual-P）由于含量较低或其化学性质比较稳定而差异不大。冻干样品中生物可利用磷分别比风干、烘干高26.7%、20.2%,表明冻干处理能较为真实地反映沉积物中磷的组成特征,是比较理想的样品干燥方式。各形态含量顺序为：藻类可利用磷（AAP）〉NaHCO3可提取磷（Olsen-P）〉水溶性磷（WSP）〉易解吸磷（RDP）。沉积物中Olsen-P与NH4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-rP、活性磷及上覆水体总磷水平呈显著正相关,因此可作为评价滇池沉积物磷的生物有效性的重要指标。 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in sediments of the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shengrui Wang Xiangcan Jin Qingyun Bu Haiqing Liao Fengchang Wu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(7):1491-1498
Phosphorus (P) fractions and their bioavailability in the sediments from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
region were investigated using different chemical extraction methods. The results show that the contents of bioavailable P
in the sediments extracted by different extraction procedures varied greatly. But their rank order was similar. Potentially
releasable P (PRP) was the largest, followed by algal available P (AAP), NaHCO3 extractable P (Olsen-P), water soluble P (WSP), and readily desorbable P. PRP contributed approximately 60% to total P (TP)
in most sediments, AAP 20%, Olsen-P 15%, WSP 2%, and readily desorbable P (RDP) 0.5%. For the heavily polluted sediments,
their bioavailable P extracted from TP mainly originated from inorganic P (IP), IP mainly originated from NaOH–P, the bioavailable
P concentrations can be evaluated by measuring the concentrations of TP, NaOH–P, and IP. For the slightly polluted sediments,
the bioavailable P can only be evaluated by different chemical extractable methods. 相似文献
12.
Comparison between the lower Nansi Lake and its inflow rivers in sedimentary phosphorus fractions and phosphorus adsorption characteristics 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Zhi-bin Zhang Xiao-bo Tan Lei-lei Wei Shi-miao Yu Dao-ji Wu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(5):1569-1576
There were many differences between rivers and lakes such as flow velocity, hydraulic retention time, water vegetation community
and other chemical-physical factors that may lead to different characteristics of sedimentary phosphorus. In our research,
sedimentary phosphorus fractions and its phosphorus adsorption differences between the lower Nansi Lake and its main inflow
rivers were compared. The results showed that the contents of NaOH-P, Org-P, IP-P, and TP in lake sediments were obviously
higher than those in its inflow river sediments while HCl-P had no obvious difference between them. Based on analysis, the
unstable NaOH-P would accumulate in lake sediments, while it is difficult for it to retain in sediments of rivers because
of a high frequency of flood flows and unstable bed sediments. In addition, water vegetation communities were helpful in the
accumulation of Org-P in lake sediments. From phosphorus adsorption experiments results, the Ceqc (equilibrium concentration
of phosphorus release/adsorption) of lake sediments was higher than that of river sediments. It was indicated that sedimentary
phosphorus would be more easily released from lake sediments than river sediments. So in future more work should be focused
on internal P loading from lake sediments release. 相似文献
13.
Modeling bioavailable phosphorus via other phosphorus fractions in sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ling Liu Ying Zhang Aris Efting Tadd Barrow Bao Qian Zejian Fang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(3):945-956
Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) plays an important role in phosphorus (P) release from lake and river sediments, as well as
serves as an indicator for the potential P-release risk in sediment. Developing a feasible model which could predict BAP via
other P fractions is needed for the lakes and reservoirs without regular BAP monitoring. The algal available P (AAP), NaHCO3 extractable P (Olsen-P), water soluble P (WSP) and readily desorption P (RDP) are four fractions of BAP. The vertical and
spatial distributions of BAP fractions of three sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake were analyzed. In addition, the P fractions,
including total P (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP), non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP), and apatite P (AP) were measured
to develop a model for predicting BAP. The model for each BAP fraction was developed based on datasets from Jiulongkou Lake
and validated by the datasets collected from Wujin and Wugong Lake. The results showed that all of the four BAP fractions
decreased with depth, along the direction of contaminant transport. Their rank order was AAP > Olsen-P > WSP > RDP in all
samples. The concentration of BAP was affected by the anthropogenic input and aquatic macrophyte growth. Each of the four
BAP fractions could be simulated by different P fractions: both AAP and Olsen-P were expressed by NAIP and OP, WSP had a significant
relationship with OP, and RDP had significant relationship with IP. NAIP and OP were the major sources of the BAP fraction.
The simulated results in two other lakes further illustrated that this model could be used to successfully predict the BAP
concentrations in lakes in the study area, and holds promise for predicting the BAP levels in other lakes and reservoirs as
well. 相似文献
14.
Phosphorus fractions in sediment profiles and their potential contributions to eutrophication in Dianchi Lake 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dianchi Lake is a eutrophic lake in southwestern China. Sediment and the bottom water samples were taken from six sites in
the east, west, south, north and center of the lake, respectively, in December 2002. Total phosphorus (TP) concentrations
in sediments were high and reached a maximum value of 6.66 g/kg. There was a soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration
gradient at the sediment–water interface. In the present study, sediment P was divided into loosely adsorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), metal oxides bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and organic P (Org-P). At three of
the six sites selected, the concentrations of different P forms in sediments followed the order: NaOH-P, Org-P>HCl-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the profile, and in the southern lake the order was HCl-P>NaOH-P, Org-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the top 15 cm layers of the sediments. The sediment profiles showed that different forms of P had an increasing trend
upward toward the sediment surface. There is a considerable potential for release from the sediment into the overlying water
and sediment P could be the dominant factor determining the trophic status of the lake if the external load is reduced.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
15.
Todd Kuiken 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(6):1349-1357
The Daliao river system in China has been seriously affected by long-term intensive industrial, urban and agricultural activities.
The objectives of this study were to determine the total phosphorus (TP) content and forms of phosphate in the sediments and
investigate geochemical relationships between P forms and sediment mineral phases. Twenty-seven samples of surface sediments
were collected and analyzed for P and major elements. Chemical forms of phosphate in the sediments were measured by sequential
selective extraction method. Results indicate that TP in the sediments of the Daliao river system averaged 703 mg kg−1, in the range from 206 to 1,342 mg kg−1. The sediments in the tributaries and near cities contained high TP, due to discharge of municipal and industrial effluents.
The distribution of phosphate in the various mineral phases followed the order: Ca-P > RES-P > RS-P > Fe-P > Al-P > S/L-P
for the Hun river and Taizi river, and Ca-P > Fe-P > RES-P > RS-P > Al-P > S/L-P for the Daliao river. Fe and Ca contents
in the sediments were positively correlated to Fe associated P (Fe-P and RS-P) and Ca-P, respectively. In addition, sediment
organic matter, Fe and Ca contents were positively correlated to TP in the sediments. However, Al content was not correlated
to Al-P or TP in the sediments. Generally, the sediments contaminated by effluents and in tidal zone contained more bioavailable
P. Possible release of P from these sediments to overlying water might pose potential risk on estuarine eutrophication. 相似文献
16.
太湖东部湖湾水生植物生长区底泥氮磷污染特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了解太湖东部湖湾(贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾)表层底泥中氮、磷的污染特征及其与水生植物生长的关系,采集了各湖湾滨岸带水生植物生长区的表层底泥,探讨了水生植物的生长与分布对表层底泥中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)及总有机碳(TOC)等含量的影响,并对表层底泥进行营养评价.结果表明,水生植物生长密集区底泥中TN、TP、TOC的含量均显著低于水生植物零星生长区,说明水生植物的生长对太湖东部湖湾表层底泥中营养盐与有机碳含量具有较为明显的影响;相关性分析显示,表层底泥中TOC与TN含量呈显著相关性(R2=0.832 8),而与TP的相关性则较弱(R2=0.166 5),反映了TOC在湖泊底泥中的沉积可能成为湖泊氮的重要来源,而对磷的影响较小.利用有机指数与有机氮指数两种方法分别对东部各湖湾底泥进行污染评价,贡湖湾、光福湾、渔洋湾底泥有机指数平均值分别为0.142 7、0.228 6与0.208 6,均属较清洁与尚清洁水平,而各湖湾有机氮指数平均值均为Ⅲ与Ⅳ级,说明底泥已遭受了一定程度的氮污染.因此,对水生植物零星生长区表层底泥中氮含量的控制与削减有利于湖泊富营养化的预防与治理. 相似文献
17.
青藏高原古里雅冰帽冰碛和冰水沉积物粒度特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰冻圈演化不仅与青藏高原水塔变化、地表侵蚀风化及荒漠化密切相关,还深刻影响着亚洲季风系统和全球气候,冰碛物的粒度组成可以为冰冻圈演化提供重要信息,但高原冰碛物的特征粒度组成及其形成机理仍不清楚,高原冰碛物与高原冷黄土及河湖沉积物的关系也不明确。为此,选择青藏高原最大的冰帽——古里雅冰帽的冰碛物及系列冰水沉积物,开展系统粒度组成研究。研究发现：自终碛到冰川前端冰水扇及下游河流冰水沉积均表现出特征的双峰模态,即1~3 Φ（500~125 μm）的中细砂峰和6~8 Φ（16~4 μm）的细粉砂峰,前者可能由冰川压碎、寒冻风化崩裂作用造成,后者由冰川研磨作用形成,并受到源区基岩岩性软弱和组成颗粒大小的影响。冰川磨蚀的细粉砂组分含量,从冰碛物经冰水扇、河流到湖滩沉积物整体呈现减小趋势,粗粉砂在湖滩沉积中几乎完全被风吹走,粗粉砂直接成为下游黄土的物源并富集其中成为黄土特征组分,水流分选在开口湖泊中产生粗、细粉砂的明显富集,这些证据揭示出,无论是与冰川发育相关的尾闾湖沉积还是近源、远源的青藏高原及周边黄土沉积,其粉砂组成和来源,均可为高原冰冻圈的形成演化提供重要信息。 相似文献
18.
乌梁素海沉积物中全磷的分布特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
开展了浅水草型湖泊乌梁素海沉积物中TP(全磷)的分布特征研究。结果表明,乌梁素海表层沉积物中TP含量在0.37~0.99 g/kg之间变化,平均值为0.75 g/kg;水平分布上,TP含量呈现从湖区四周向湖心递减的变化趋势,大部分湖区已具有生态毒性效应,并对湖区底栖生物群落和生态环境构成了较大威胁;垂向上,尽管沉积物中TP含量有所波动,但0~10 cm的表层沉积物中TP含量均随深度增加而递减,揭示了近年来人类活动的加剧对乌梁素海沉积物中磷累积的重大影响;实验得出了粉砂、粘土粒级>极细砂粒级>细砂粒级>中砂以上粒级的TP含量序列,各粒级对TP的吸附贡献率由吸附能力和质量百分比共同控制;磷的沉积对乌梁素海富营养化进程有深远影响。 相似文献