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1.
海河干流表层沉积物中磷形态的空间分布特征及其对水相磷的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
凯 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,(2):603-609
为了控制水体富营养化,对沉积物中磷的分布特征进行了研究。在海河干流采集13个表层沉积物和表层水样,采用逐级提取法获得可交换态磷(NH4Cl-P)、可还原态磷(BD-P)、铁铝结合磷(NaOHP)、钙磷(HCl-P)和残渣态磷(Res-P),分析各形态磷空间分布及其对水相(间隙水、表层水)磷的影响。结果表明:海河干流表层沉积物中总磷质量分数较高,为808.5~1 698.7mg·kg-1,上游和下游的采样点含磷量较低,中游采样点含磷量较高;不同形态磷的质量分数差异较大,NH4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-P、HCl-P和Res-P的质量分数变化范围分别为8.1~31.1、41.9~84.9、151.6~348.2、312.2~819.9、226.8~1 003.0mg·kg-1,分别占总磷(TP)的0.65%~1.85%、3.19%~6.57%、10.8%~24.34%、20.26%~52.18%、24.41%~58.33%;间隙水中总溶解性磷与沉积物中NH4Cl-P、BD-P、NaOH-P的质量分数相关性较高,相关系数分别达到0.892、0.848、0.749。研究结果表明海河内源磷释放的主要控制方向为NH4Cl-P、BDP、NaOH-P。 相似文献
2.
磷污染是水污染的重要组成部分,因其可造成水体富营养化、水质下降,从而引起人们的广泛关注。研究沉积物中不同磷赋存形态及其分布特征有助于了解沉积物中磷的行为特征及迁移能力,从而为水体富营养化防治提供支撑。磷矿的开采、冶炼对矿区内水资源环境可能产生严重影响,本文以安宁磷矿区内河流、水库为研究区域,分析了不同水系沉积物磷元素赋存形态及分布特征,并对其生态风险进行评估。采用X射线荧光光谱法测定研究区水系沉积物总磷(TP)含量,并基于顺序提取及Hupfer改进的磷形态分析方法,将研究区各水系沉积物中磷分为弱吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P)、可还原态磷(BD-P)、金属氧化物结合态磷(NaOH-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)、残渣态磷(Res-P)等5种形态,采用单因子污染指数法对其进行生态风险评估。结果表明：研究区水系沉积物样品中TP含量范围为567.6～48115.5mg/kg,NH4Cl-P含量范围为0.07～115.2mg/kg,BD-P含量范围为8.84～802.5mg/kg,NaOH-P含量范围为21.3～3129.5mg/kg, Ca-P含量范围为12～45098mg/k... 相似文献
3.
样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态分析的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用改进的Tessier连续萃取法研究了冷藏、冷冻、冻干、烘干和风干等样品处理与保存方法对表层沉积物中金属形态的影响。结果表明：各样品处理与保存过程对沉积物中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn及Pb的形态均具有不同程度的影响,其中Fe的形态受其影响最小（<3.3%）,Mn的形态受其影响最大（最高可达10.2%）;冻干对各金属形态的影响最小（<4.6%）;烘干和风干对重金属Cu、Zn和Pb的可交换态（Ⅰ+Ⅱ）和非残渣态（Ⅰ-Ⅴ）分布影响较大,而冷藏、冷冻和冻干的影响相对较小。因此,综合考虑重金属的形态分布及其生物可利用性,冻干是较理想的沉积物样品处理与保存方法。 相似文献
4.
太湖人湖河道沉积物中生物利用磷和营养水平分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解太湖入湖河道的营养状况,研究了太湖西部河流沉积物生物利用磷的组成与分布。研究结果显示,北部沉积物中营养元素较高,南部较低;沉积物中生物利用磷的含量次序为藻类可利用磷（AAP）〉NaHC03提取磷（0LP）〉水溶性磷（WSP）易解吸磷（RDP）,其中AAP是重要的生物利用磷,AAP的比例越高,富营养化程度越高。AAP与营养元素的相关性在不同区域河道有所不同,北部河道与总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）相关性较好,中部和南部河道与沉积物有机质总量（TOM）相关性较好。沉积物的生物利用磷受不同污染源影响较大。对比河道沉积物与湖泊沉积物的特征,发现湖泊沉积物中生物利用磷（BAP）／总磷（TP）、藻类可利用磷（AAP）／总磷（TP）都高于河道沉积物,表明湖泊沉积物中的磷更容易被植物吸收。 相似文献
5.
长江河田及其上海岸带水体沉积物中磷的存在形态 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
讨论了磷的５种存在形态及其分布规律。河口及岸带水体沉积物中磷主要是以有机磷（ＯＰ）和无机磷（ＩＰ）形式存在的,有机磷是有机质的组成部分,无机磷又可分为可溶性磷（ＤＰ）、铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）、钙结合磷（Ｃａ－Ｐ）。研究发现,沉积物中总磷含量水平在６９２．７９～１５７０．９９μｇ／ｇ之间,无机磷含量在２２０．０２～９２８．３３μｇ／ｇ之间,占总磷含量的３１．８％～６０．５～,而有机磷含量在３９４．８９～６４２．６６μｇ／ｇ之间,为总磷含量的３９．５％～６８．２％。在分析水体喾物中各形态磷的含量和变化的基础上,对磷在时空上的变化,与有机碳、总氮的关系以及污水输入影响等进行了初步的论述,并提出沉积物中铁结合磷（Ｆｅ－Ｐ）和铝结合磷（Ａｌ－Ｐ）可作为判断污染的指标之一。 相似文献
6.
7.
采用连续提取化学分析技术，对密云水库的柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品进行了磷形态的提取分析，研究了各种形态磷在表层及垂立方向上的分布特征。分析结果表明，密云水库沉积物中以无机磷为主，有机磷次之，无机磷占总磷的76．88％。95．09％。沉积物中总磷及其不同形态无机磷在垂直方向上的分布变化规律为：总磷、可溶态磷含量随深度增加而降低，Ca—P合量随深度增加而增加，Al—P和闭蓄态磷变化幅度不大，Fe—P、有机磷的垂直方向变化情况较复杂。潮、白河流域总磷与各形态磷在表层及垂直方向上的分布差异在一定程度上反映出近年来水库所受上游流域工业活动和人为污染的影响情况。 相似文献
8.
滇池湖泊磷负荷及其对水环境的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
磷是滇池湖泊富营养化的限制性营养元素。滇池湖泊磷负荷来源一般可分为外环境发生源输入的磷负荷和内环境发生源输出的磷负荷两大类。累积在滇池湖泊内的磷,主要分布在水体与底部沉积物中,滇池湖泊水体中总磷浓度由北向南含量降低,底部沉积物中P2O5含量分布由北向南呈递增趋势。底部0-3m的沉积物P2O5含量由上至下呈明显递减趋势,表明滇池湖泊磷负荷逐年加重。近几年资料显示滇池湖泊单位面积磷负荷达1.52g/m2·a,超过总磷公认允许负荷量中危险值的11.7倍,滇池已成为富营养型湖泊。控制滇池富营养化,在解决入湖磷外负荷的同时,对湖泊底部沉积物中磷内负荷也应予以高度重视。 相似文献
9.
滇池现代沉积物中磷的地球化学及其对环境影响 总被引：47，自引：2，他引：47
湖泊沉积物中,磷是产生富营养化的重要元素.湖泊中磷元素含量、地球化学行为以及它的复杂矿物学特征,使人们对磷的研究极为重视.滇池湖中总磷超标10.3倍,底泥沉积物中P2O5平均含量0.52%,最高可达1.92%.滇池地处磷矿区,是磷质来源最丰富的湖泊,统计表明,磷含量每年在不断增长.滇池沉积物中磷主要以吸附态、有机态、铁结合态、钙结合态、铝结合态等几种形式存在.这些形态磷在底泥中是不稳定的,它们在环境改变条件下,又将磷释放到水体中.微生物在磷的循环过程中起了重要作用,乳酸菌对不溶性磷酸盐的分解,使湖泊中可溶磷含量增高.聚磷菌对磷元素的富集以及聚磷菌死亡后发生有机磷的矿化作用,是湖泊中水合磷酸盐矿物沉积的重要途径.当湖泊中这种不稳定的水合磷酸盐矿物在条件具备的情况下,经沉积物覆盖成岩作用后,最终形成磷灰石。 相似文献
10.
河流输送是受纳水体中磷的主要来源,不同水文条件对其输送有很大影响。选择巢湖典型入湖河流丰乐和柘皋,在不同水文条件下,即非洪水期（丰乐和柘皋）、洪水涨水段（丰乐）与退水段（柘皋）对河水和沉积物进行分布式采样,测定磷的不同形态。其中,河水测定总磷（TP）和可溶性磷（DP）,沉积物测定总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁铝磷（Fe/AL-P）和钙磷（Ca-P）。结果表明：非洪水期丰乐和柘皋河河水和沉积物中TP含量均为柘皋河高于丰乐河,两河都存在着富营养化风险,两河沉积物IP含量都显著高于OP。IP中,柘皋河Fe/Al-P含量略高于Ca-P,丰乐河相反。洪水涨水期,丰乐河河水TP和DP含量显著高于其非洪水期含量,沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期略有降低,表明洪水涨水段降雨径流对不同来源磷冲刷、输送和泛起作用;洪水退水期,柘皋河河水TP和DP含量低于其非洪水期含量,河道沉积物不同形态磷均值含量较非洪水期有所升高,表明在退水段以稀释和沉淀作用为主。 相似文献
11.
太湖入湖河道沉积物中生物利用磷和营养水平分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了解太湖入湖河道的营养状况,研究了太湖西部河流沉积物生物利用磷的组成与分布。研究结果显示,北部沉积物中营养元素较高,南部较低;沉积物中生物利用磷的含量次序为藻类可利用磷(AAP)>NaHCO3提取磷(OLP)>水溶性磷(WSP)>易解吸磷(RDP),其中AAP是重要的生物利用磷,AAP的比例越高,富营养化程度越高。AAP与营养元素的相关性在不同区域河道有所不同,北部河道与总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)相关性较好,中部和南部河道与沉积物有机质总量(TOM)相关性较好。沉积物的生物利用磷受不同污染源影响较大。对比河道沉积物与湖泊沉积物的特征,发现湖泊沉积物中生物利用磷(BAP)/总磷(TP)、藻类可利用磷(AAP)/总磷(TP)都高于河道沉积物,表明湖泊沉积物中的磷更容易被植物吸收。 相似文献
12.
Phosphorus in suspended matter and sediments of a hypertrophic lake. A case study: Lake Dianchi,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
From June 2004 to December 2004, Lake Dianchi, which had large scale of cyanobacterial blooms was investigated in order to
study P-fractionation in the suspended matter and the sediment. The investigation improves our understanding of phosphorus
in Lake Dianchi and the relationship between phosphorus and cyanobacterial blooms. It contributes to the available literature
on the behavior of P in hypertrophic lakes. The distribution of P-fractions in Lake Dianchi was not uniform from northwest
to south, but was closely related to the trophic status of the whole lake. The concentrations of total phosphorus, labile
P (NH4Cl-P), Organic P (NaOH-NRP) and loss on ignition in suspended matter were positively correlated with the strength of cyanobacterial
blooms. Total phosphorus in suspended matter was relatively stable for almost half an year and closely related to Chl. a concentration. The main content of organic phosphorus is in the cyanobacterial blooms. The concentrations of phosphorus bound
to metal oxides and carbonates (NaOH-SRP and HCl-P) in sediment were similar to NaOH-SRP and HCl-P in the corresponding suspended
matter. The latter two forms of P in suspended matter were not affected by cyanobacterial blooms, indicating that the inorganic
phosphorus is derived from the sediment after resuspension from the sediment due to wind and wave action. The contribution
of the different P-fractions to TP in sediment and in suspended matter indicates that NH4Cl-P in the suspended matter is an important buffer for maintaining dissolved phosphorus in water. 相似文献
13.
Phosphorus fractions in sediment profiles and their potential contributions to eutrophication in Dianchi Lake 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Dianchi Lake is a eutrophic lake in southwestern China. Sediment and the bottom water samples were taken from six sites in
the east, west, south, north and center of the lake, respectively, in December 2002. Total phosphorus (TP) concentrations
in sediments were high and reached a maximum value of 6.66 g/kg. There was a soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration
gradient at the sediment–water interface. In the present study, sediment P was divided into loosely adsorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), metal oxides bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and organic P (Org-P). At three of
the six sites selected, the concentrations of different P forms in sediments followed the order: NaOH-P, Org-P>HCl-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the profile, and in the southern lake the order was HCl-P>NaOH-P, Org-P>BD-P>NH4Cl-P in the top 15 cm layers of the sediments. The sediment profiles showed that different forms of P had an increasing trend
upward toward the sediment surface. There is a considerable potential for release from the sediment into the overlying water
and sediment P could be the dominant factor determining the trophic status of the lake if the external load is reduced.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of phosphorus bioavailability in sediments of the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shengrui Wang Xiangcan Jin Qingyun Bu Haiqing Liao Fengchang Wu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(7):1491-1498
Phosphorus (P) fractions and their bioavailability in the sediments from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
region were investigated using different chemical extraction methods. The results show that the contents of bioavailable P
in the sediments extracted by different extraction procedures varied greatly. But their rank order was similar. Potentially
releasable P (PRP) was the largest, followed by algal available P (AAP), NaHCO3 extractable P (Olsen-P), water soluble P (WSP), and readily desorbable P. PRP contributed approximately 60% to total P (TP)
in most sediments, AAP 20%, Olsen-P 15%, WSP 2%, and readily desorbable P (RDP) 0.5%. For the heavily polluted sediments,
their bioavailable P extracted from TP mainly originated from inorganic P (IP), IP mainly originated from NaOH–P, the bioavailable
P concentrations can be evaluated by measuring the concentrations of TP, NaOH–P, and IP. For the slightly polluted sediments,
the bioavailable P can only be evaluated by different chemical extractable methods. 相似文献
15.
16.
Acta Geochimica - Phosphorus (P) species in surface sediments from a shallow, hypertrophic lake, Lake Dianchi, China, were investigated by P fractionation and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)... 相似文献
17.
滇池湖泊沉积物中甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂的组成特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以云贵高原浅水湖泊—滇池作为研究对象,在对湖心一个63 cm沉积物柱样的有机质总体及分子有机地球化学研究的基础上,对沉积物有机质中甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂（GDGTs）组成进行了测定。研究结果表明,滇池湖泊沉积物中具有丰富的GDGTs,且以反映陆相土壤来源的支链类GDGTs为主。该沉积柱样中支链类GDGTs的环化指标（CBT）和甲基化指标（MBT）揭示出:1）整个沉积阶段滇池流域土壤的pH值主要介于7.5~8.2,相对中、下部层段,上部层段pH值呈现略微减小的趋势;2）基于CBT/MBT重建的滇池流域内年平均气温呈现由早期的温暖潮湿气候逐渐向寒冷干燥气候变化,近来又有所回暖的变化过程,这可以很好地解释该沉积柱中、下层段记录的总体有机质主要特征的演化规律。 相似文献
18.
Modeling bioavailable phosphorus via other phosphorus fractions in sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ling Liu Ying Zhang Aris Efting Tadd Barrow Bao Qian Zejian Fang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(3):945-956
Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) plays an important role in phosphorus (P) release from lake and river sediments, as well as
serves as an indicator for the potential P-release risk in sediment. Developing a feasible model which could predict BAP via
other P fractions is needed for the lakes and reservoirs without regular BAP monitoring. The algal available P (AAP), NaHCO3 extractable P (Olsen-P), water soluble P (WSP) and readily desorption P (RDP) are four fractions of BAP. The vertical and
spatial distributions of BAP fractions of three sediment cores from Jiulongkou Lake were analyzed. In addition, the P fractions,
including total P (TP), organic P (OP), inorganic P (IP), non-apatite inorganic P (NAIP), and apatite P (AP) were measured
to develop a model for predicting BAP. The model for each BAP fraction was developed based on datasets from Jiulongkou Lake
and validated by the datasets collected from Wujin and Wugong Lake. The results showed that all of the four BAP fractions
decreased with depth, along the direction of contaminant transport. Their rank order was AAP > Olsen-P > WSP > RDP in all
samples. The concentration of BAP was affected by the anthropogenic input and aquatic macrophyte growth. Each of the four
BAP fractions could be simulated by different P fractions: both AAP and Olsen-P were expressed by NAIP and OP, WSP had a significant
relationship with OP, and RDP had significant relationship with IP. NAIP and OP were the major sources of the BAP fraction.
The simulated results in two other lakes further illustrated that this model could be used to successfully predict the BAP
concentrations in lakes in the study area, and holds promise for predicting the BAP levels in other lakes and reservoirs as
well. 相似文献
19.
Phosphorus fractions and bioavailability in relation to particle size characteristics in sediments from Lake Hongfeng, Southwest China 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Yuanrong Zhu Runyu Zhang Fengchang Wu Xiaoxia Qu Fazhi Xie Zhiyou Fu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(4):1041-1052
Information on the chemical composition of phosphorus (P) fractions in sediments is fundamental to understanding P bioavailability and eutrophication in lake ecosystems. Phosphorus fractions and its bioavailability in sediments cores of Lake Hongfeng, southwest China, were investigated using a chemical sequential extraction scheme. Relationships between P fractions, P bioavailability and particle sizes were discussed. P fractions concentrations were ranked in the order: Residual-P > NaOH–rP > NaOH–NRP > HCl–P > BD–P > NH4Cl–P, and all of them decreased with increasing sediment depth. Statistical analysis showed that concentrations of bioavailable P (BAP) which includes the NH4Cl–P, BD–P, NaOH–rP and NaOH–NRP fractions ranged from 404.68 to 1,591.99 mg/kg and accounted for 26.8–71.8 % of the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in the top 5 cm sediments, whereas in the whole sediment cores, their concentrations ranged from 239.70 to 1,591.99 mg/kg and accounted for 26.8–76.0 % of TP. The results suggested that the sediments were a large potential source of P for algae blooms in Lake Hongfeng. Phosphorus fractions and their potential bioavailability were influenced by the sediment particle sizes, especially the bioavailability of the NH4Cl–P fraction, which was strongly affected by the presence of fine particle sizes in the sediments. 相似文献